卧龙人工林与次生林大熊猫生境监测初探
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摘要
通过对卧龙保护区人工林和次生林的长期监测对比,结果表明:人工林树高、胸径的生长速度高于次生林;人工林的灌木层和草本层盖度以及植物种数均小于次生林;人工林土壤腐殖来源单一,其厚度也小于次生林;退耕还林由于土壤肥力高,林木生长迅速,郁闭度高,林下植物种类更少于其他人工林;人工林树种单一,病虫害多发,野生动物痕迹稀少,其森林健康度小于次生林。人工林下很少保存有大熊猫等野生动物生存所必须的竹子、灌丛和草本植物等食物资源,对大熊猫等野生动物具有排斥效应。大熊猫栖息地恢复重建应采取自然恢复方式,使用本地乡土树种,建设有卧龙地方特色的大熊猫栖息环境。
Through long-term monitoring and comparison of plantation and secondary forests in Wolong Nature Reserve, the results showed that the growth rate of tree height and DBH of plantation was higher than that of secondary forest; the shrub layer and herb layer coverage and plant species of plantation were lower than that of secondary forest; the source of colonization is single, and its thickness is also smaller than that of secondary forest. Because of high soil fertility, forest growth is rapid, and canopy is high, and understory plant species of conversion of cropland to forest land are less than other plantations; the plantation forest is single in species, with many diseases and insect pests and few wildlife traces, and its forest health is less than that of secondary forest. Plant resources such as bamboo, shrubs and herbs necessary for the survival of wild animals such as giant pandas are rarely preserved under plantations, and have a repulsive effect on wild animals such as giant pandas. It is necessary to adhere to measures for the natural restoration of the panda habitats, using local native tree species, and building the panda habitat with Wolong local characteristics.
Through long-term monitoring and comparison of plantation and secondary forests in Wolong Nature Reserve, the results showed that the growth rate of tree height and DBH of plantation was higher than that of secondary forest; the shrub layer and herb layer coverage and plant species of plantation were lower than that of secondary forest; the source of colonization is single, and its thickness is also smaller than that of secondary forest. Because of high soil fertility, forest growth is rapid, and canopy is high, and understory plant species of conversion of cropland to forest land are less than other plantations; the plantation forest is single in species, with many diseases and insect pests and few wildlife traces, and its forest health is less than that of secondary forest. Plant resources such as bamboo, shrubs and herbs necessary for the survival of wild animals such as giant pandas are rarely preserved under plantations, and have a repulsive effect on wild animals such as giant pandas. It is necessary to adhere to measures for the natural restoration of the panda habitats, using local native tree species, and building the panda habitat with Wolong local characteristics.
引文
[1] 严旬.大熊猫自然保护区体系研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2005.
[2] 国家林业局卧龙自然保护区,四川省汶川卧龙特别行政区编著.卧龙发展史[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2005.
[3] 杨宏伟,康东伟,康文,等.人工林作为大熊猫栖息地适宜性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(4):67-73.
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[6] J·A·贝利. 野生动物管理学原理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991.
[7] 陈亮,王绪高.生物多样性与森林生态系统健康的几个关键问题[J].生态学杂志,2015,27(5):816-820.
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[10] 卧龙自然保护区管理局,南充师范学院,四川省林业厅保护处.卧龙植被及资源植物[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987.
[11] 何光润,景河铭.卧龙自然保护区人工林病虫害调查[J].四川林业科技,1991,12(4):64-67.
[12] 刘世梁,傅伯杰.卧龙自然保护区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响[J].地理研究,2002,21(6):682-688.
[13] 罗天宏,于晓东.卧龙自然保护区落叶松林不同恢复阶段的嗜尸性甲虫物种多样性[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(3):461-469.
[14] 刘明冲,杨晓军,张清宇,等.卧龙自然保护区2013年大熊猫主食竹监测分析报告[J].四川林业科技,2014,35(4):45-47.
[15] 欧阳志云,李振新,刘建国,等. 卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境恢复过程研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1840-1849.
[16] 王盼,白文科,黄金燕,等.同域分布大熊猫和水鹿生境利用分异特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5577-5583.
[17] 李爽,康东伟,宋国华,等.大熊猫利用生境与人工林环境的比较研究[J].生物学杂志,2017,34(2):55-57.
[2] 国家林业局卧龙自然保护区,四川省汶川卧龙特别行政区编著.卧龙发展史[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2005.
[3] 杨宏伟,康东伟,康文,等.人工林作为大熊猫栖息地适宜性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(4):67-73.
[4] 赵纳勋,袁朝晖,孙建存,等.外来种日本落叶松对大熊猫栖息地的影响及管理对策[J].西北大学学报,2008, 6(2):1-4.
[5] 国家林业局.大熊猫及其栖息地监测技术规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[6] J·A·贝利. 野生动物管理学原理[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1991.
[7] 陈亮,王绪高.生物多样性与森林生态系统健康的几个关键问题[J].生态学杂志,2015,27(5):816-820.
[8] 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所.川西高山林区日本落叶松引种试验初报[J].林业科技通讯,1978(8):5-6.
[9] 刘兴良,马钦彦,杨冬生,等.川西山地主要人工林种群根系生物量与生产力[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):542-551.
[10] 卧龙自然保护区管理局,南充师范学院,四川省林业厅保护处.卧龙植被及资源植物[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987.
[11] 何光润,景河铭.卧龙自然保护区人工林病虫害调查[J].四川林业科技,1991,12(4):64-67.
[12] 刘世梁,傅伯杰.卧龙自然保护区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响[J].地理研究,2002,21(6):682-688.
[13] 罗天宏,于晓东.卧龙自然保护区落叶松林不同恢复阶段的嗜尸性甲虫物种多样性[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(3):461-469.
[14] 刘明冲,杨晓军,张清宇,等.卧龙自然保护区2013年大熊猫主食竹监测分析报告[J].四川林业科技,2014,35(4):45-47.
[15] 欧阳志云,李振新,刘建国,等. 卧龙自然保护区大熊猫生境恢复过程研究[J].生态学报,2002,22(11):1840-1849.
[16] 王盼,白文科,黄金燕,等.同域分布大熊猫和水鹿生境利用分异特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5577-5583.
[17] 李爽,康东伟,宋国华,等.大熊猫利用生境与人工林环境的比较研究[J].生物学杂志,2017,34(2):55-57.