地层条件下油气混合气安全氧含量实验研究
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摘要
为了确定地层高温高压环境下油气混合气的安全氧含量,避免在采油过程中形成可燃性混合气体引发燃烧或者爆炸事故,保证注空气采油工艺过程的安全性,设计了1种测试地层高温高压环境下油气混合气体安全氧含量的实验装置;通过对采油现场井筒内的气体进行取样分析,选取一定组分的混合气体,在理论分析的基础上,对混合气体分别在1,5,10 MPa和40,120℃条件下的安全氧含量进行了实验研究,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了比较分析。研究结果表明:随着温度和压力的升高,安全氧含量逐渐降低;在地层高温高压环境下所测得的安全氧含量要远低于常温常压下的理论估算值;在10 MPa,120℃时达到8.27%,很大程度上增加了采油工艺过程的危险性。
In order to determine the safe oxygen content of oil-gas mixture under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high pressure environment,avoid the combustion or explosion accidents caused by the combustible mixture in the course of oil recovery,and ensure the safety of air injection oil recovery process,an experimental device was designed to test the safe oxygen content of oil-gas mixture under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high pressure environment. The mixture with certain components was selected by sampling and analyzing the gas in the well bore on the site of oil recovery.On the basis of theoretical analysis,the safe oxygen contents of mixture at 1 MPa,5 MPa,10 MPa and 40 ℃,120℃ were studied experimentally,and the experimental results were compared with those of theoretical analysis. The results showed that with the increase of temperature and pressure,the safe oxygen content decreased gradually. The safe oxygen content measured under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high pressure environment was much lower than the theoretically estimated value under normal temperature and pressure. It could reach 8. 27% at 10 MPa and 120℃,which greatly increased the risk of oil recovery process.
In order to determine the safe oxygen content of oil-gas mixture under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high pressure environment,avoid the combustion or explosion accidents caused by the combustible mixture in the course of oil recovery,and ensure the safety of air injection oil recovery process,an experimental device was designed to test the safe oxygen content of oil-gas mixture under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high pressure environment. The mixture with certain components was selected by sampling and analyzing the gas in the well bore on the site of oil recovery.On the basis of theoretical analysis,the safe oxygen contents of mixture at 1 MPa,5 MPa,10 MPa and 40 ℃,120℃ were studied experimentally,and the experimental results were compared with those of theoretical analysis. The results showed that with the increase of temperature and pressure,the safe oxygen content decreased gradually. The safe oxygen content measured under the reservoir conditions of high temperature and high pressure environment was much lower than the theoretically estimated value under normal temperature and pressure. It could reach 8. 27% at 10 MPa and 120℃,which greatly increased the risk of oil recovery process.
引文
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[3]GUTIERREZ D,MILLER R J,TAYLOR A R,et al.Buffalo field high-pressure air injection projects 1977 to 2007:Technical performance and operational challenges[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation&Engineering,2009,12(4):542-550.
[4]FASSIHI M R,YANNIMARAS D V,WESTFALL E E,et al.Economics of light oil air injection projects[J].Oil Field,1996:501-509.
[5]NIU B,REN S,LIU Y,WANG D,et al.Low-temperature oxidation of oil components in an air injection process for improved oil recovery[J].Energy&Fuels,2011,25(10),4299-4304.
[6]罗振敏,林京京,郭正超,等.煤矿其他可燃气体对空气中甲烷爆炸极限的影响[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(1):91-97.LUO Zhenmin,LIN Jingjing,GUO Zhengchao,et al.Influence of various other flammable gases in coal mine on explosion limits of methane[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(1):91-97.
[7]张增亮,蔡康旭.可燃气体(液体蒸气)的爆炸极限与最大允许氧含量的对比研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2005,15(12):64-68.ZHANG Zengliang,CAI Kangxu.Comparative study on relationship between explosion limits of flammable gases(liquefied vapors)and their maximum allowable oxygen contents[J].China Safety Science Journal,2005,15(12):64-68.
[8]BRITTON L G.Two hundred years of flammable limits[J].Process Safety Progress,2010,21(1):1-11.
[9]TAKAHASHI A,URANO Y,TOKUHASHI,et al.Effect of vessel size and shape on experimental flammability limits of gases[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,105:27-37.
[10]LIAO S Y,CHENG Q,JIANG D M,et al.Experimental study of flammability limits of natural gas-air mixture[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2005,119(1):81-84.
[11]KONDO S,TAKIZAWA K,TAKAHASHI A,et al.A study on flammability limits of fuel mixtures[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,155(3):440-448.
[12]RASHWAN S S,IBRAHIM A H,ABOUARAB T W,et al.Experimental investigation of partially premixed methane-air and methane-oxygen flames stabilized over a perforated-plate burner[J].Applied Energy,2016,169:126-137.
[13]SCHOOR V D,NORMAN F,TANGEN F,et al.Explosion limits of mixtures relevant to the production of 1,2-dichloroethane(ethylene dichloride)[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2007,20(3):281-285.
[14]TONG Minming,WU Guoqing,HAO Jifei,et al.Explosion limits for combustible gases[J].International Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(2):182-184.
[15]American Society for Testing and Materials.ASTM international annual book of standards,Vol,14:E2079-2007[S/OL].[2013-10-01].https://www.astm.org/Standards/E2079.htm.
[16]NORMAN F,VAN S F,VERPLAETSEN F.Auto-ignition and upper explosion limit of rich propane-air mixtures at elevated pressures[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,137(2):666-671.
[17]TAM V H Y,CORR B.Development of a limit state approach for design against gas explosions[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2000,13(6):443-447.