FDI与中国能源利用效率:政府扮演着怎样的角色?
摘要
文章以政府为切入点,利用1998～2016年中国省际面板数据与动态面板的共同相关估计(DCCE)模型,研究了全球化进程中FDI的流入在政府效率与环境规制的作用下对中国地方能源利用效率的影响。研究发现,全球化背景下,FDI的进入可以通过技术溢出等效应降低地方的能源强度从而改善能源效率,中西部地区的能源效率在FDI的作用下有向东部地区收敛的趋势。此外,为了验证政府在能源问题当中所扮演的角色及发挥作用的机制,文章将政府效率与环境规制强度纳入到模型中进行检验,检验结果表明,一方面,政府执政效率与环境规制强度的提高同样可以起到改善能源利用效率的作用,另一方面,在提高能源利用效率的问题上政府与FDI之间表现出一定程度的替代效应。由此可知,强化政府在市场中的作用,提高其配置资源的水平与效率,将是解决中国能源问题的重要一环。
This study use the group-mean dynamic common correlated estimator( DCCE) regression model to investigate the effect of inward foreign direct investment( FDI) on China's energy efficiency under the governmental efficiency and environmental regulation by employing data from a panel of 30 provinces covering the periods 1998 ～ 2016. Our evidence suggests that,under the background of globalization,the inward FDI can significantly reduce China's energy intensity by enhancing energy efficiency. And FDI can also promote the convergence of energy efficiency in the central and western regions to the eastern region. The result of mechanism test indicates that the level of government efficiency and environmental regulation also show a positive relations with energy efficiency,and further,there exists a substitute effect that the influence of FDI on energy efficiency will be reduced as the increases in the level of government's efficiency and environmental regulation. This means,improving government's function in the market could be an effective way in solving China's energy problem.
This study use the group-mean dynamic common correlated estimator( DCCE) regression model to investigate the effect of inward foreign direct investment( FDI) on China's energy efficiency under the governmental efficiency and environmental regulation by employing data from a panel of 30 provinces covering the periods 1998 ～ 2016. Our evidence suggests that,under the background of globalization,the inward FDI can significantly reduce China's energy intensity by enhancing energy efficiency. And FDI can also promote the convergence of energy efficiency in the central and western regions to the eastern region. The result of mechanism test indicates that the level of government efficiency and environmental regulation also show a positive relations with energy efficiency,and further,there exists a substitute effect that the influence of FDI on energy efficiency will be reduced as the increases in the level of government's efficiency and environmental regulation. This means,improving government's function in the market could be an effective way in solving China's energy problem.
引文
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[21]丁锋,姚新超.外商投资、技术溢出与能源效率[J].工业技术经济,2018,37(6):156-162.
[22]傅京燕,李丽莎.环境规制、要素禀赋与产业国际竞争力的实证研究———基于中国制造业的面板数据[J].管理世界,2010(10):87-98+187.
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[25]龚锋.地方公共安全服务供给效率评估———基于四阶段DEA和Bootstrapped DEA的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(4):80-90.
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[28]林伯强,杜克锐.理解中国能源强度的变化:一个综合的分解框架[J].世界经济,2014(4):69-87.
[29]林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率———以中国工业行业为例[J].经济研究,2015(9):127-141.
[30]潘雅茹,罗良文.政府干预、资源禀赋与中国能源效率测度[J].江汉论坛,2017(11):37-43.
[31]齐绍洲,方扬,李锴. FDI知识溢出效应对中国能源强度的区域牲影响[J].世界经济研究,2011(11):69-74.
[32]祁毓,郭均均. FDI会影响地方政府效率吗?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(2):21-36.
[33]师博,沈坤荣.政府干预、经济集聚与能源效率[J].管理世界,2013(10):6-18.
[34]滕玉华,陈小霞.开放条件下中国工业能源强度的影响因素分析———基于31个行业面板数据的实证分析[J].新疆财经大学学报,2009(1):15-20.
[35]万伦来,童梦怡.环境规制下中国能源强度的影响因素分析———基于省际面板数据的实证研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2010(s2):6-7.
[36]温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):268-274.
[37]闫文娟,郭树龙,史亚东.环境规制、产业结构升级与就业效应:线性还是非线性?[J].经济科学,2012(06):23-32.
[38]张贤,周勇.外商直接投资对我国能源强度的空间效应分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,24(1):101-108.
[39]张宇,蒋殿春. FDI、环境监管与能源消耗:基于能耗强度分解的经验检验[J].世界经济,2013(3):103-123.
[40]张志辉.中国区域能源效率演变及其影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(8):73-88.
[41]赵晓丽,胡军峰,史雪飞.外商直接投资行业分布对中国能源消费影响的实证分析[J].财贸经济,2007(3).
[42]周杰琦,夏南新,梁文光.外资节能技术溢出、要素市场扭曲与能源效率[J].华东经济管理,2018,32(10):34-44.
[43]周少甫,王亚南.中国工业化、城镇化对能源强度的影响———基于动态面板数据模型的研究[J].生态经济,2015,31(2):75-79.
[2] Baumol,W J.,Oates,W E.. The Theory of Environmental Policy,Cambridge Books. Cambridge University Press,1988.
[3] Chang C P,Wen J,Dong M.. Does government ideology affect environmental pollutions? New evidence from instrumental variable quantile regression estimations[J],Energy Policy,2018,113:386-400.
[4] Chudik A,Pesaran M H.. Common correlated effects estimation of heterogeneous dynamic panel data models with weakly exogenous regressors[J]. Journal of Econometrics,2013,188(2):393-420.
[5] Cirone A E,Urpelainen J.. Political market failure? The effect of government unity on energy technology policy in industrialized democracies[J]. Technovation,2013,33(10-11):333-344.
[6] Elliott R J R,Sun P,Chen S.. Energy intensity and foreign direct investment:A Chinese city-level study[J]. Energy Economics,2013,40:484-494.
[7] Fredriksson,P.,Vollebergh,R.,Dijkgraaf,E.. Corruption and energy efficiency in OECD countries:theory and evidence[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics&Management,2004,47(2):207-231.
[8] Gindling T H,Terrell K.. Minimum Wages,Globalization,and Poverty in Honduras[J]. World Development,2010,38(6):908-918.
[9] Hansen E.. Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation[J]. Econometrica,2010,68(3):575-603.
[10] Hao,Y.,Peng,H.. On the convergence in China's provincial per capita energy consumption:new evidence from a spatial econometric analysis[J],Energy Econ,2017,68,31-43.
[11] Huang,Junbing,D. Du,and Q. Tao. An analysis of technological factors and energy intensity in China[J]. Energy Policy,2017,109:1-9.
[12] Hübler Michael,Andreas K.. Energy savings via FDI? Empirical evidence from developing countries[J]. Environment and Development Economics,2010,15(1):22.
[13] Keller,Wolfgang. International Technology Diffusion.[J]Journal of Economic Literature,2004,42(3):752-782
[14] Mielnik O,JoséGoldemberg. Foreign direct investment and decoupling between energy and gross domestic product in developing countries[J]. Energy Policy,2002,30(2):87-89.
[15] Peng,W B. Tian,K. Tian,Y H. Xiang,G C.. VAR analysis of foreign direct investment and environmental regulation:China's case[J]. Business and Economic Horizons,2011,15(2):13-22.
[16] Portney,Paul R.. The theory of environmental policy[J],Public Choice,1976,27(1):127-128.
[17] Taylor M. Scott. Unbundling the Pollution Haven Hypothesis,The B. E. Journal of Economic Analysis&Policy,De Gruyter,2005,3(2):1-28
[18] Vowles,Jack. Does globalization affect public perceptions of“Who in power can make a difference”? Evidence from 40 countries,1996~2006[J]. Electoral Studies,2008,27(1):63-76.
[19] Walter,I. W.,J. Ugelow. Environmental policies in developing countries[J]. Ambio,1979,8(2/3):102-109.
[20] Yuxiang K,Chen Z.. Government expenditure and energy intensity in China[J]. Energy Policy,2010,38(2):691-694.
[21]丁锋,姚新超.外商投资、技术溢出与能源效率[J].工业技术经济,2018,37(6):156-162.
[22]傅京燕,李丽莎.环境规制、要素禀赋与产业国际竞争力的实证研究———基于中国制造业的面板数据[J].管理世界,2010(10):87-98+187.
[23]傅京燕.运用环境手段促进外贸增长方式的转变[J].未来与发展,2009,30(04):41-44.
[24]高翔,黄建忠,蒙英华.政府治理如何影响企业出口边际[J].国际贸易问题,2017(6):96-106.
[25]龚锋.地方公共安全服务供给效率评估———基于四阶段DEA和Bootstrapped DEA的实证研究[J].管理世界,2008(4):80-90.
[26]胡莹,魏晓平,黄永宝.外商直接投资、市场化与能源强度———基于1998~2011年省际面板数据的经验研究[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2015,17(2):19-24.
[27]李锴,齐绍洲.“FDI降低东道国能源强度”假说在中国成立吗?———基于省区工业面板数据的经验分析[J].世界经济研究,2016(3):108-122.
[28]林伯强,杜克锐.理解中国能源强度的变化:一个综合的分解框架[J].世界经济,2014(4):69-87.
[29]林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率———以中国工业行业为例[J].经济研究,2015(9):127-141.
[30]潘雅茹,罗良文.政府干预、资源禀赋与中国能源效率测度[J].江汉论坛,2017(11):37-43.
[31]齐绍洲,方扬,李锴. FDI知识溢出效应对中国能源强度的区域牲影响[J].世界经济研究,2011(11):69-74.
[32]祁毓,郭均均. FDI会影响地方政府效率吗?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012(2):21-36.
[33]师博,沈坤荣.政府干预、经济集聚与能源效率[J].管理世界,2013(10):6-18.
[34]滕玉华,陈小霞.开放条件下中国工业能源强度的影响因素分析———基于31个行业面板数据的实证分析[J].新疆财经大学学报,2009(1):15-20.
[35]万伦来,童梦怡.环境规制下中国能源强度的影响因素分析———基于省际面板数据的实证研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2010(s2):6-7.
[36]温忠麟,侯杰泰,张雷.调节效应与中介效应的比较和应用[J].心理学报,2005,37(2):268-274.
[37]闫文娟,郭树龙,史亚东.环境规制、产业结构升级与就业效应:线性还是非线性?[J].经济科学,2012(06):23-32.
[38]张贤,周勇.外商直接投资对我国能源强度的空间效应分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2007,24(1):101-108.
[39]张宇,蒋殿春. FDI、环境监管与能源消耗:基于能耗强度分解的经验检验[J].世界经济,2013(3):103-123.
[40]张志辉.中国区域能源效率演变及其影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(8):73-88.
[41]赵晓丽,胡军峰,史雪飞.外商直接投资行业分布对中国能源消费影响的实证分析[J].财贸经济,2007(3).
[42]周杰琦,夏南新,梁文光.外资节能技术溢出、要素市场扭曲与能源效率[J].华东经济管理,2018,32(10):34-44.
[43]周少甫,王亚南.中国工业化、城镇化对能源强度的影响———基于动态面板数据模型的研究[J].生态经济,2015,31(2):75-79.