一种适用于级联H桥储能变换器的相内功率分配控制策略
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摘要
基于级联H桥变换器的电池储能系统,需要对电池单元的SOC状态进行均衡控制。其本质是对级联H桥相内各级输出功率的不均衡分配控制。然而,基于载波移相调制(carrierphase-shifts PWM,CPS-SPWM)技术的相内功率不均衡分配控制会导致输出电压的谐波畸变,而且它对不均衡功率分配的控制能力较低。为了解决这些问题,提出一种新型灵活的相内功率分配控制策略(flexiblepower distributioncontrol,FPDC)。FPDC策略能够完全弥补CPS技术的缺点。它实时计算各个单元的平均传输功率,并根据实际功率与参考功率的误差来决定各单元的开关动作行为。然后,理论研究了FPDC策略在功率不均衡分配极限情况下各级输出电压的分布规律,并据此推导了功率极限值的解析计算方法。通过对各级功率参考的实时限制来确保变换器的稳定运行。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了FPDC策略对相内各级功率分配的优秀控制能力和控制效果。
The balance control of SOC(state of charge) is a critical topic for CHB(cascaded H-bridge) based battery energy storage system. It is essentially a topic of inner-phase power distribution. The most common technique for power distribution is the carrier phase-shift SPWM(CPS-SPWM).However, the harmonic performance of CPS-SPWM may deteriorate, when unbalanced power distribution is engaged.Moreover, the ability of power distribution by CPS-SPWM is not enough. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposed a novel and flexible inner-phase power distribution control scheme(FPDC) for CHB converter. It can calculate the power of every module in real time. And the switching behavior was determined by the power error between reference power and real-time power. Then, the theoretical limit of unbalanced power distribution for FPDC scheme was derived,and analytic expressions were established to calculate the power distribution limitation values on-chip. Therefore, the stable operation can be guaranteed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of proposed control scheme and theoretical analysis.
The balance control of SOC(state of charge) is a critical topic for CHB(cascaded H-bridge) based battery energy storage system. It is essentially a topic of inner-phase power distribution. The most common technique for power distribution is the carrier phase-shift SPWM(CPS-SPWM).However, the harmonic performance of CPS-SPWM may deteriorate, when unbalanced power distribution is engaged.Moreover, the ability of power distribution by CPS-SPWM is not enough. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposed a novel and flexible inner-phase power distribution control scheme(FPDC) for CHB converter. It can calculate the power of every module in real time. And the switching behavior was determined by the power error between reference power and real-time power. Then, the theoretical limit of unbalanced power distribution for FPDC scheme was derived,and analytic expressions were established to calculate the power distribution limitation values on-chip. Therefore, the stable operation can be guaranteed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results verified the effectiveness of proposed control scheme and theoretical analysis.
引文
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[15]陈仲,那显龙,许亚明,等.基于控制自由度组合的级联H桥逆变器PD功率均衡控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6951-6961.Chen Zhong,Na Xianlong,Xu Yaming,et al.Power balance control method with phase disposition for cascaded H-bridge inverter based on control degrees of freedom combination[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6951-6961(in Chinese).
[16]叶满园,黄凯峰.基于改进粒子群算法的阶梯波调制功率均衡控制策略[J].工矿自动化,2015,41(9):57-62.Ye Manyuan,Huang Kaifeng.Power balance control strategy for staircase modulation based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2015,41(9):57-62(in Chinese).
[17]Ko Y,Andresen M,Buticchi G,et al.Power routing for cascaded H-bridge converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(12):9435-9446.
[18]Iman-Eini H,Schanen J L,Farhangi S,et al.A modular strategy for control and voltage balancing of cascaded H-bridge rectifiers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2008,23(5):2428-2442.
[19]王付胜,张德辉,戴之强,等.级联H桥光伏并网逆变器混合调制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(S1):137-145.Wang Fusheng,Zhang Dehui,Dai Zhiqiang,et al.Ahybrid control scheme of cascaded H-bridge inverters for grid-connection photovoltaic systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S1):137-145(in Chinese).
[20]Moosavi M,Farivar G,Iman-Eini H,et al.A voltage balancing strategy with extended operating region for cascaded H-bridge converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(9):5044-5053.
[21]Keshavarzian A,Iman-Eini H.A Redundancy-based scheme for balancing DC-link voltages in cascaded H-bridge rectifiers[J].IET Power Electronics,2013,6(2):235-243.
[22]Zhao Tao,Zhang Xing,Mao Wang,et al.A modified hybrid modulation strategy for suppressing DC Voltage fluctuation of cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(5):3932-3941.
[23]Liu Jiaomin,Sun Yuwei,Li Yonggang,et al.Theoretical harmonic analysis of cascaded H-bridge inverter under hybrid pulse width multilevel modulation[J].IET Power Electronics,2016,9(14):2714-2722.
[24]Bifaretti S,Tarisciotti L,Watson A,et al.Distributed commutations pulse-width modulation technique for high-power AC/DC multi-level converters[J].IET Power Electronics,2012,5(6):909-919.
[25]Alves R,Townsend C D,Tormo D,et al.Harmonic comparison of two existing modulation strategies applicable to a multi-level cascaded H-bridge converter[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Geneva,Switzerland:IEEE,2015.
[26]Tarisciotti L,Zanchetta P,Watson A,et al.Active DCvoltage balancing PWM technique for high-power cascaded multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(11):6157-6167.
[2]余希瑞,周林,郭珂,等.含新能源发电接入的电力系统低频振荡阻尼控制研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(21):6278-6290.Yu Xirui,Zhou Lin,Guo Ke,et al.A survey on low frequency oscillation damping control in power system integrated with new energy power generation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(21):6278-6290(in Chinese).
[3]涂春鸣,兰征,肖凡,等.具备同步电机特性的级联型光伏发电系统[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):433-444.Tu Chunming,Lan Zheng,Xiao Fan,et al.Study on cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic power systems with synchronous generator characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):433-444(in Chinese).
[4]Guo Haifeng,Chen Man,Cao Yang,et al.Design of2MW/10kV cascaded H-bridge power conversion system[C]//Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Power System Technology.Chengdu,China:IEEE,2014.
[5]Kawakami N,Ota S,Kon H,et al.Development of a500-kW modular multilevel cascade converter for battery energy storage systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2014,50(6):3902-3910.
[6]苗青,吴俊勇,艾洪克,等.组合级联式兆瓦级功率调节装置协调控制策略[J].电力自动化设备,2014,34(7):43-49.Miao Qing,Wu Junyong,Ai Hongke,et al.Coordinated control of hybrid cascaded megawatt power regulation device[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2014,34(7):43-49(in Chinese).
[7]吴俊勇,梅东升,张巨瑞,等.一种MW级大功率电池储能变流器关键技术及其工程应用[J].电力建设,2016,37(8):45-51.Wu Junyong,Mei Dongsheng,Zhang Jurui,et al.Key technology and its application of MW-scale converter in battery energy storage system[J].Electric Power Construction,2016,37(8):45-51(in Chinese).
[8]艾洪克,吴俊勇,郝亮亮,等.级联式储能系统中电池自均衡控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):442-449.Ai Hongke,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang,et al.Research on battery self-balancing control strategy in cascade energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(14):442-449(in Chinese).
[9]Maharjan L,Inoue S,Akagi H,et al.State-of-Charge(SOC)-balancing control of a battery energy storage system based on a cascade PWM converter[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(6):1628-1636.
[10]Townsend C D,Summers T J,Betz R E.Impact of practical issues on the harmonic performance of phaseshifted modulation strategies for a cascaded H-bridge StatCom[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(6):2655-2664.
[11]蔡信健,吴振兴,孙乐,等.直流电压不均衡的级联H桥多电平变频器载波移相PWM调制策略的设计[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):119-127.Cai Xinjian,Wu Zhenxing,Sun Le,et al.Design for phase-shifted carrier pulse width modulation of cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverters with non-equal DCvoltages[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):119-127(in Chinese).
[12]Marquez A,Leon J I,Vazquez S,et al.Variable-angle phase-shifted PWM for multilevel three-cell cascaded h-bridge converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2017,64(5):3619-3628.
[13]Angulo M,Lezana P,Kouro S,et al.Level-shifted PWMfor cascaded multilevel inverters with even power distribution[C]//Proceedings of 2007 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference.Orlando,FL,USA:IEEE,2007.
[14]Sochor P,Akagi H.Theoretical and experimental comparison between phase-shifted PWM and level-shifted PWM in a modular multilevel SDBC inverter for utilityscale photovoltaic applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2017,53(5):4695-4707.
[15]陈仲,那显龙,许亚明,等.基于控制自由度组合的级联H桥逆变器PD功率均衡控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(23):6951-6961.Chen Zhong,Na Xianlong,Xu Yaming,et al.Power balance control method with phase disposition for cascaded H-bridge inverter based on control degrees of freedom combination[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(23):6951-6961(in Chinese).
[16]叶满园,黄凯峰.基于改进粒子群算法的阶梯波调制功率均衡控制策略[J].工矿自动化,2015,41(9):57-62.Ye Manyuan,Huang Kaifeng.Power balance control strategy for staircase modulation based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm[J].Industry and Mine Automation,2015,41(9):57-62(in Chinese).
[17]Ko Y,Andresen M,Buticchi G,et al.Power routing for cascaded H-bridge converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(12):9435-9446.
[18]Iman-Eini H,Schanen J L,Farhangi S,et al.A modular strategy for control and voltage balancing of cascaded H-bridge rectifiers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2008,23(5):2428-2442.
[19]王付胜,张德辉,戴之强,等.级联H桥光伏并网逆变器混合调制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(S1):137-145.Wang Fusheng,Zhang Dehui,Dai Zhiqiang,et al.Ahybrid control scheme of cascaded H-bridge inverters for grid-connection photovoltaic systems[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(S1):137-145(in Chinese).
[20]Moosavi M,Farivar G,Iman-Eini H,et al.A voltage balancing strategy with extended operating region for cascaded H-bridge converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(9):5044-5053.
[21]Keshavarzian A,Iman-Eini H.A Redundancy-based scheme for balancing DC-link voltages in cascaded H-bridge rectifiers[J].IET Power Electronics,2013,6(2):235-243.
[22]Zhao Tao,Zhang Xing,Mao Wang,et al.A modified hybrid modulation strategy for suppressing DC Voltage fluctuation of cascaded H-bridge photovoltaic inverter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2018,65(5):3932-3941.
[23]Liu Jiaomin,Sun Yuwei,Li Yonggang,et al.Theoretical harmonic analysis of cascaded H-bridge inverter under hybrid pulse width multilevel modulation[J].IET Power Electronics,2016,9(14):2714-2722.
[24]Bifaretti S,Tarisciotti L,Watson A,et al.Distributed commutations pulse-width modulation technique for high-power AC/DC multi-level converters[J].IET Power Electronics,2012,5(6):909-919.
[25]Alves R,Townsend C D,Tormo D,et al.Harmonic comparison of two existing modulation strategies applicable to a multi-level cascaded H-bridge converter[C]//Proceedings of the 2015 17th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Geneva,Switzerland:IEEE,2015.
[26]Tarisciotti L,Zanchetta P,Watson A,et al.Active DCvoltage balancing PWM technique for high-power cascaded multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(11):6157-6167.