短花针茅荒漠草原斑块尺度物种多样性及其共存格局
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摘要
阐明斑块尺度上物种共存格局,对于深入认识荒漠草原破碎化草地生物多样性的维持机理具有重要意义。按斑块的土壤生境退化程度,选取短花针茅荒漠草原3类典型群落斑块为研究对象,对比分析不同斑块的物种构成、多样性及物种间的共存关系格局。结果表明:①斑块A属单优种短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)群落;斑块B为短花针茅+草木樨状黄耆(Astragalus melilotoides)群落;斑块C为苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)+老瓜头(Cynanchumkomarovii)+猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)群落。②群落结构中斑块A和斑块B多样性相近,均高于无短花针茅生长的斑块C。③基于零模型的分析结果显示,物种共存格局的复杂性和强度为:斑块A>斑块B>斑块C,且下降趋势明显,斑块A存在的16组显著物种对中有4组为显著竞争关系,而斑块C中的物种对减少到7组,且仅存在猪毛蒿与苦豆子组显著竞争物种对。结论:表明未沙化的土壤生境斑块是荒漠草原破碎化草地生物多样性维持的一个重要前提,土壤生境的退化显著降低了斑块内部群落组织的复杂性和物种间相互作用的强度,不利于群落的自我维持。
Clarifying the species co-occurrence pattern at patch scale is of important significance for understanding the maintenance mechanism of biodiversity in desert steppe fragmentation. According to the degree of soil habitat degradation at patch scale,this study contrasted and examined the species composition and diversity of different patches and the species co-occurrence pattern based on three typical patches in a Stipa breviflora desert steppe. The results indicated that(1) Patch A was a consociation and belonged to a community of S. breviflora. Patch B was a community of S. breviflora and Astragalus melilotoides. And Patch C was a community of Sophora alopecuroides + Cynanchum komarovii + Artemisia scoparia);(2) In community structure,the diversity of Patch A and Patch B was similar and higher than that of Patch C where S. breviflora grew;(3) The analyzed results based on the null model showed that the complexity and intensity of species co-occurrence patterns was in an order of Patch A > Patch B > Patch C.Four of the 16 significant species pairs in patch A had a significant competitive relation,while the species pairs in patch C were reduced to 7 groups,and there was only one significant competitive species pair( A. scoparia and S. alopecuroides) in patch C. Therefore,Non-desertified soil habitat patches were the important prerequisite for the biodiversity maintenance of desert steppe fragmentation. The non-desertified of soil habitat reduced significantly the complexity of community structure within patches and the intensity of interaction between species,which was unconducive to the self-maintenance of the community.
Clarifying the species co-occurrence pattern at patch scale is of important significance for understanding the maintenance mechanism of biodiversity in desert steppe fragmentation. According to the degree of soil habitat degradation at patch scale,this study contrasted and examined the species composition and diversity of different patches and the species co-occurrence pattern based on three typical patches in a Stipa breviflora desert steppe. The results indicated that(1) Patch A was a consociation and belonged to a community of S. breviflora. Patch B was a community of S. breviflora and Astragalus melilotoides. And Patch C was a community of Sophora alopecuroides + Cynanchum komarovii + Artemisia scoparia);(2) In community structure,the diversity of Patch A and Patch B was similar and higher than that of Patch C where S. breviflora grew;(3) The analyzed results based on the null model showed that the complexity and intensity of species co-occurrence patterns was in an order of Patch A > Patch B > Patch C.Four of the 16 significant species pairs in patch A had a significant competitive relation,while the species pairs in patch C were reduced to 7 groups,and there was only one significant competitive species pair( A. scoparia and S. alopecuroides) in patch C. Therefore,Non-desertified soil habitat patches were the important prerequisite for the biodiversity maintenance of desert steppe fragmentation. The non-desertified of soil habitat reduced significantly the complexity of community structure within patches and the intensity of interaction between species,which was unconducive to the self-maintenance of the community.
引文
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[19]谢一鸣,许月,康蒙,等.基于植物多度的群落物种组成与环境关联性分析[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):80-89.[Xie Yiming,Xu Yue,Kang Meng,et al.Analysis of plant abundance-based association between community species composition and environmental properties[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(1):80-89.]
[20]吕世杰,刘红梅,吴艳玲,等.放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原建群种与优势种空间分布关系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3 469-3 474.[LüShijie,Liu Hongmei,Wu Yanling,et al.Effects of grazing on spatial distribution relationships between constructive and dominant species in Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(12):3 469-3 474.]
[21]Pianka E R.Niche relations of disert Lizards[C]//Cody M,Diamond J.Eeology and Evolution of Communities.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1975:292-314.
[2]Rietkerk M,Ketner P,Burger J,et al.Multiscale soil and vegetation patchiness along a gradient of herbivore impact in a semi-arid grazing system in West Africa[J].Plant Ecology,2000,148(2):207-224.
[3]Haddad N M,Brudvig L A,Clobert J,et al.Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems[J].Science Advances,2015,1(2):1-9.
[4]Angers D A,Caron J.Plant-induced changes in soil structure:Processes and feedbacks[J].Biogeochemistry,1998,42(1-2):55-72.
[5]Arnot C,Fisher P F,Wadsworth R,et al.Landscape metrics with ecotones:Pattern under uncertainty[J].Landscape Ecology,2004,19(2):181-195.
[6]韩大勇.松嫩草地破碎化生境植物组成多样性格局及维持机制[D].长春:东北师范大学,2009.[Han Dayong.Diversity Patterns of Plant Constituents and the Maintaining Mechanism in Fragmented Habitats in the Songnen Meadow[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2009.]
[7]马晓东,李卫红,朱成刚,等.塔里木河下游土壤水分与植被时空变化特征[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4 035-4 045.[Ma Xiaodong,Li Weihong,Zhu Chenggang,et al.Spatio-temporal variation in soil moisture and vegetation along the lower reaches of Tarim River,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(15):4 035-4 045.]
[8]杜峰,梁宗锁,胡莉娟.植物竞争研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2004(4):157-163.[Du Feng,Liang Zongsuo,Hu Lijuan.A review on plant competition.[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2004(4):157-163.]
[9]高福元.高寒退化草地甘肃臭草种群空间分布格局对土壤水分的响应[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2012.[Gao Fuyuan.AStudy on Melica Przewalskyi Population Spatial Pattern and Response to Soil Moisture in Degraded Alpine Grassland[D].Lanzhou:Northwest Normal University,2012.]
[10]Wang X,Yang X,Wang L,et al.A six-year grazing exclusion changed plant species diversity of a Stipa breviflora desert steppe community,Northern China[J].Peer J,2018,6(6):e4359.
[11]贾昭.黄土丘陵区退耕草地群落盖度与物种组成及地上生物量关系研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.[Jia Zhao.Relationship Between Community Coverage with Species Composition and Aboveground Biomass Production of Farming-Withdrawn Grasslands in Loess Hilly Gully Region[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2018.]
[12]Gotelli N J,Mc Cabe D J.Species co-occurrence:A meta-analysis of JM Diamond’s assembly rules model[J].Ecology,2002,83(8):2 091-2 096.
[13]Miguel J M,Martín-Forés I,Acosta-Gallo B,et al.Non-random cooccurrence of native and exotic plant species in Mediterranean grasslands[J].Acta Oecologica,2016,77:18-26.
[14]宋乃平,王兴,陈林,等.荒漠草原“土岛”生境群落物种共存机制[J].生物多样性,2018,26(7):667-677.[Song Naiping,Wang Xing,Chen Lin.Co-existence mechanisms of plant species within“soil islands”habitat of desert steppe[J].Biodiversity Science,2018,26(7):667-677.]
[15]聂莹莹,杜广明,王国庆,等.围栏封育对呼伦贝尔草甸草原群落物种多样性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(6):106-110.[Nie Yingying,Du Guangming,Wang Guoqing,et al.Effects of enclosure on species diversity of community in Hunlunbuir Meadow Steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2016,38(6):106-110.]
[16]苟晓伟.内蒙古典型草原和荒漠草原群落的稳定性[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.[Gou Xiaowei.The Community Stability of Typical Steppe and Desert Steppe in Inner Mongolia[D].Lanzhou:Lan Zhou University,2016.]
[17]Ruijven J V,Deyn G B,Berendse F.Diversity reduces invisibility in experimental plant communities:The role of plant species[J].Ecology Letters,2003,6(10):910-918.
[18]吕世杰,吴艳玲,刘红梅,等.春季休牧后放牧强度变化对短花针茅草原植物种群种间关系的影响[J].草地学报,2016,24(2):302-308.[LüShijie,Wu Yanling,Liu Hongmei,et al.Effect of grazing intensity changes on population inter-specific relationship of Stipa breviflora steppe after banning in spring[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2016,24(2):302-308.]
[19]谢一鸣,许月,康蒙,等.基于植物多度的群落物种组成与环境关联性分析[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):80-89.[Xie Yiming,Xu Yue,Kang Meng,et al.Analysis of plant abundance-based association between community species composition and environmental properties[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(1):80-89.]
[20]吕世杰,刘红梅,吴艳玲,等.放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原建群种与优势种空间分布关系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(12):3 469-3 474.[LüShijie,Liu Hongmei,Wu Yanling,et al.Effects of grazing on spatial distribution relationships between constructive and dominant species in Stipa breviflora desert steppe[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(12):3 469-3 474.]
[21]Pianka E R.Niche relations of disert Lizards[C]//Cody M,Diamond J.Eeology and Evolution of Communities.Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1975:292-314.