制造业投入服务化与中国出口企业加成率
|
摘要
本文将制造业投入服务化纳入扩展的M-O模型,分析了制造业投入服务化对出口企业加成率的影响及其作用机制,制造业投入服务化水平的提高通过促进产品质量升级进而提升出口企业加成率;在此基础上,本文利用世界投入产出表、中国工业企业数据和海关进出口数据的匹配数据,实证分析了制造业投入服务化对出口企业加成率的影响,证实了本文的理论命题;回归结果显示制造业投入服务化对于劳动密集型行业、竞争行业、非国有企业、退出企业和持续出口企业的加成率的影响尤为显著;本文构建中介效应模型,检验了二者的作用机制。
This paper introduced input servitization in manufacturing into the extended Melitz & Ottaviano( M-O) model to examine the impact of input servitization in manufacturing on exporters ' markup and its mechanism.Input servitization in manufacturing improved exporters ' markup through the channel of product quality.Further,we used the matching data of World Input-Output Table,China's firm-level production data and Customs trade data for empirical test.The estimation confirmed the theoretical propositions.The results show that the positive effect is more pronounced for laborintensive exporters,competitive exporters,private exporters,exiters and entrant exporters.We also developed a mediation effect model to examine the mechanism of the impacts of input servitization on firm's markup.It implies that services input in manufacturing promotes manufacturing upgrading and Chinese exporters' markup.
This paper introduced input servitization in manufacturing into the extended Melitz & Ottaviano( M-O) model to examine the impact of input servitization in manufacturing on exporters ' markup and its mechanism.Input servitization in manufacturing improved exporters ' markup through the channel of product quality.Further,we used the matching data of World Input-Output Table,China's firm-level production data and Customs trade data for empirical test.The estimation confirmed the theoretical propositions.The results show that the positive effect is more pronounced for laborintensive exporters,competitive exporters,private exporters,exiters and entrant exporters.We also developed a mediation effect model to examine the mechanism of the impacts of input servitization on firm's markup.It implies that services input in manufacturing promotes manufacturing upgrading and Chinese exporters' markup.
引文
[1]VANDERMERWE S,RADA J.Servitization of Business:Adding Value by Adding Services[J].European Management Journal,1988,6(4):314-324.
[2]SZALAVETZ A.Tertiarization of Manufacturing Industry in the New Economy[R].IWE,2003:134.
[3]裴长洪,刘洪愧.中国怎样迈向贸易强国:一个新的分析思路[J].经济研究,2017(5):26-43.
[4]任曙明,张静.补贴、寻租成本与加成率---基于中国装备制造企业的实证研究[J].管理世界,2013(10):118-129.
[5]盛丹,王永进.中国企业低价出口之谜---基于企业加成率的视角[J].管理世界,2012(5):8-23.
[6]钱学锋,潘莹,毛海涛.出口退税、企业成本加成与资源误置[J].世界经济,2015(8):80-106.
[7]刘啟仁,黄建忠.异质出口倾向、学习效应与“低加成率陷阱”[J].经济研究,2015(12):143-157.
[8]祝树金,张鹏辉.出口企业是否有更高的价格加成:中国制造业的证据[J].世界经济,2015(4):3-24.
[9]黄先海,诸竹君,宋学印.中国出口企业阶段性低加成率陷阱[J].世界经济,2016(3):95-117.
[10]AMITI M,WEI S.Service Offshoring and Productivity:Evidence from the U.S.[J].World Economy,2009,32(2):203-220.
[11]KONINGS J,VAN CAYSEELE P,WARZYNSKI F.The Effects of Privatization and Competitive Pressure on Firms'Price-Cost Margins:Micro Evidence from Emerging Economies[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,2005,87(1):124-134.
[12]TYBOUT J R.Plant and Firm-Level Evidence on“New”Trade Theories[J].Handbook of International Trade,2003(1):388-415.
[13]ALTOMONTE C,BARATTIERI A.Endogenous Markups,International Trade,and the Product Mix[J].Journal of Industry,Competition and Trade,2015,15(3):205-221.
[14]GOLDAR B,AGGARWAL S C.Trade Liberalization and Price-cost Margin in Indian Industries[J].Developing Economies,2005,43(3):346-373.
[15]NORIA G L.The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Manufacturing Price Cost Margins:The Case of Mexico,1994-2003[J].Working Papers,2013,128(15):25-36.
[16]HAGEMEJER J,POPOWSKI P.The Distribution of Monopolistic Markups in the Polish Economy[J].Eastern European Economics,2014,52(6):3-31.
[17]DE LOECKER J,GOLDBERG P K,KHANDELWAL A K,et al.Prices,Markups and Trade Reform[J].Econometrica,2016,84(2):445-510.
[18]ARKOLAKIS C,COSTINOT A,DONALDSON D,et al.The Elusive Pro-Competitive Effects of Trade[J].Review of Economic Studies,2019,86(1):46-80.
[19]MELITZ M J,OTTAVIANO G I.Market Size,Trade,and Productivity[J].Review of Economic Studies,2008,75(1):295-316.
[20]KUGLER M,VERHOOGEN E A.Prices,Plant Size,and Product Quality[J].Review of Economic Studies,2012,79(1):307-339.
[21]许明,邓敏.产品质量与中国出口企业加成率---来自中国制造业企业的证据[J].国际贸易问题,2016(10):26-37.
[22]诸竹君,黄先海,王煌.产品创新提升了出口企业加成率吗[J].国际贸易问题,2017(7):17-26.
[23]RAA T T,WOLFF E N.Outsourcing of Services and the Productivity Recovery in U.S.Manufacturing in the1980s and 1990s[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2001,16(2):149-165.
[24]ARNOLD J M,MATTOO A,NARCISO G.Services Inputs and Firm Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa:Evidence from Firm-Level Data[J].Journal of African Economies,2006,17(4):578-599.
[25]WOLFMAYR Y.Producer Services and Competitiveness of Manufacturing Exports[R].FIW,2008.
[26]吕越,李小萌,吕云龙.全球价值链中的制造业投入服务化与企业全要素生产率[J].南开经济研究,2017(3):88-110.
[27]刘斌,王乃嘉.制造业投入服务化与企业出口的二元边际---基于中国微观企业数据的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2016(9):59-74.
[28]刘斌,魏倩,吕越,等.制造业投入服务化与价值链升级[J].经济研究,2016(3):151-162.
[29]许和连,成丽红,孙天阳.制造业投入服务化对企业出口国内增加值的提升效应---基于中国制造业微观企业的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2017(10):62-80.
[30]WHITE A L,STOUGHTON M,FENG L.Servicizing:The Quiet Transition to Extended Product Responsibility[M].Tellus Institute,1999.
[31]ROBINSON T,CLARKEHILL C M,CLARKSON R.Differentiation through Service:A Perspective from the Commodity Chemicals Sector[J].Service Industries Journal,2002,22(3):149-166.
[32]ANTONIADES A.Heterogeneous Firms,Quality,and Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2015,95(2):263-273.
[33]MARTIN S.Advanced Industrial Economics[M].Blackwell Publishers,2002.
[34]SIOTIS G.Competitive Pressure and Economic Integration:An Illustration for Spain,1983-1996[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(10):1435-1459.
[35]EDMOND C,MIDRIGAN V,XU D Y.Competition,Markups,and the Gains from International Trade[J].American Economic Review,2015,105(10):3183-3221.
[36]DE LOECKER J,WARZYNSKI F.Markups and Firm-Level Export Status[J].American Economic Review,2012,102(6):2437-2471.
[37]DOMOWITZ I,HUBBARD R G,PETERSEN B C.Business Cycles and the Relationship between Concentration and Price-Cost Margins[J].Rand Journal of Economics,1986,17(1):1-17.
[38]LEVINSOHN J,PETRIN A.Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control for Unobservables[J].Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2):317-341.
[39]YU M.Processing Trade,Tariff Reductions and Firm Productivity:Evidence from Chinese Firms[J].The Economic Journal,2015,125(585):943-988.
[40]毛其淋,许家云.中间品贸易自由化提高了企业加成率吗---来自中国的证据[J].经济学(季刊),2017(2):485-524.
[41]岳希明,李实,史泰丽.垄断行业高收入问题探讨[J].中国社会科学,2010(3):77-93+221-222.
[42]张月友,刘丹鹭.逆向外包:中国经济全球化的一种新战略[J].中国工业经济,2013(5):70-82.
[43]BARON R M,KENNY D A.The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual,Strategic,and Statistical Considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182.
[44]施炳展.中国企业出口产品质量异质性:测度与事实[J].经济学(季刊),2013(1):263-284.
[2]SZALAVETZ A.Tertiarization of Manufacturing Industry in the New Economy[R].IWE,2003:134.
[3]裴长洪,刘洪愧.中国怎样迈向贸易强国:一个新的分析思路[J].经济研究,2017(5):26-43.
[4]任曙明,张静.补贴、寻租成本与加成率---基于中国装备制造企业的实证研究[J].管理世界,2013(10):118-129.
[5]盛丹,王永进.中国企业低价出口之谜---基于企业加成率的视角[J].管理世界,2012(5):8-23.
[6]钱学锋,潘莹,毛海涛.出口退税、企业成本加成与资源误置[J].世界经济,2015(8):80-106.
[7]刘啟仁,黄建忠.异质出口倾向、学习效应与“低加成率陷阱”[J].经济研究,2015(12):143-157.
[8]祝树金,张鹏辉.出口企业是否有更高的价格加成:中国制造业的证据[J].世界经济,2015(4):3-24.
[9]黄先海,诸竹君,宋学印.中国出口企业阶段性低加成率陷阱[J].世界经济,2016(3):95-117.
[10]AMITI M,WEI S.Service Offshoring and Productivity:Evidence from the U.S.[J].World Economy,2009,32(2):203-220.
[11]KONINGS J,VAN CAYSEELE P,WARZYNSKI F.The Effects of Privatization and Competitive Pressure on Firms'Price-Cost Margins:Micro Evidence from Emerging Economies[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,2005,87(1):124-134.
[12]TYBOUT J R.Plant and Firm-Level Evidence on“New”Trade Theories[J].Handbook of International Trade,2003(1):388-415.
[13]ALTOMONTE C,BARATTIERI A.Endogenous Markups,International Trade,and the Product Mix[J].Journal of Industry,Competition and Trade,2015,15(3):205-221.
[14]GOLDAR B,AGGARWAL S C.Trade Liberalization and Price-cost Margin in Indian Industries[J].Developing Economies,2005,43(3):346-373.
[15]NORIA G L.The Effect of Trade Liberalization on Manufacturing Price Cost Margins:The Case of Mexico,1994-2003[J].Working Papers,2013,128(15):25-36.
[16]HAGEMEJER J,POPOWSKI P.The Distribution of Monopolistic Markups in the Polish Economy[J].Eastern European Economics,2014,52(6):3-31.
[17]DE LOECKER J,GOLDBERG P K,KHANDELWAL A K,et al.Prices,Markups and Trade Reform[J].Econometrica,2016,84(2):445-510.
[18]ARKOLAKIS C,COSTINOT A,DONALDSON D,et al.The Elusive Pro-Competitive Effects of Trade[J].Review of Economic Studies,2019,86(1):46-80.
[19]MELITZ M J,OTTAVIANO G I.Market Size,Trade,and Productivity[J].Review of Economic Studies,2008,75(1):295-316.
[20]KUGLER M,VERHOOGEN E A.Prices,Plant Size,and Product Quality[J].Review of Economic Studies,2012,79(1):307-339.
[21]许明,邓敏.产品质量与中国出口企业加成率---来自中国制造业企业的证据[J].国际贸易问题,2016(10):26-37.
[22]诸竹君,黄先海,王煌.产品创新提升了出口企业加成率吗[J].国际贸易问题,2017(7):17-26.
[23]RAA T T,WOLFF E N.Outsourcing of Services and the Productivity Recovery in U.S.Manufacturing in the1980s and 1990s[J].Journal of Productivity Analysis,2001,16(2):149-165.
[24]ARNOLD J M,MATTOO A,NARCISO G.Services Inputs and Firm Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa:Evidence from Firm-Level Data[J].Journal of African Economies,2006,17(4):578-599.
[25]WOLFMAYR Y.Producer Services and Competitiveness of Manufacturing Exports[R].FIW,2008.
[26]吕越,李小萌,吕云龙.全球价值链中的制造业投入服务化与企业全要素生产率[J].南开经济研究,2017(3):88-110.
[27]刘斌,王乃嘉.制造业投入服务化与企业出口的二元边际---基于中国微观企业数据的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2016(9):59-74.
[28]刘斌,魏倩,吕越,等.制造业投入服务化与价值链升级[J].经济研究,2016(3):151-162.
[29]许和连,成丽红,孙天阳.制造业投入服务化对企业出口国内增加值的提升效应---基于中国制造业微观企业的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2017(10):62-80.
[30]WHITE A L,STOUGHTON M,FENG L.Servicizing:The Quiet Transition to Extended Product Responsibility[M].Tellus Institute,1999.
[31]ROBINSON T,CLARKEHILL C M,CLARKSON R.Differentiation through Service:A Perspective from the Commodity Chemicals Sector[J].Service Industries Journal,2002,22(3):149-166.
[32]ANTONIADES A.Heterogeneous Firms,Quality,and Trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2015,95(2):263-273.
[33]MARTIN S.Advanced Industrial Economics[M].Blackwell Publishers,2002.
[34]SIOTIS G.Competitive Pressure and Economic Integration:An Illustration for Spain,1983-1996[J].International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(10):1435-1459.
[35]EDMOND C,MIDRIGAN V,XU D Y.Competition,Markups,and the Gains from International Trade[J].American Economic Review,2015,105(10):3183-3221.
[36]DE LOECKER J,WARZYNSKI F.Markups and Firm-Level Export Status[J].American Economic Review,2012,102(6):2437-2471.
[37]DOMOWITZ I,HUBBARD R G,PETERSEN B C.Business Cycles and the Relationship between Concentration and Price-Cost Margins[J].Rand Journal of Economics,1986,17(1):1-17.
[38]LEVINSOHN J,PETRIN A.Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control for Unobservables[J].Review of Economic Studies,2003,70(2):317-341.
[39]YU M.Processing Trade,Tariff Reductions and Firm Productivity:Evidence from Chinese Firms[J].The Economic Journal,2015,125(585):943-988.
[40]毛其淋,许家云.中间品贸易自由化提高了企业加成率吗---来自中国的证据[J].经济学(季刊),2017(2):485-524.
[41]岳希明,李实,史泰丽.垄断行业高收入问题探讨[J].中国社会科学,2010(3):77-93+221-222.
[42]张月友,刘丹鹭.逆向外包:中国经济全球化的一种新战略[J].中国工业经济,2013(5):70-82.
[43]BARON R M,KENNY D A.The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research:Conceptual,Strategic,and Statistical Considerations[J].Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,1986,51(6):1173-1182.
[44]施炳展.中国企业出口产品质量异质性:测度与事实[J].经济学(季刊),2013(1):263-284.