寒旱区4种草本根系力学特性试验研究
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摘要
为研究青藏高原东北部地区草本植物根系力学特性及其根系固土护坡力学机制,以青海省刚察县三角城种羊场地区为研究区,将赖草、扁穗冰草、早熟禾和紫花针茅4种优势草本植物作为供试种,开展室内单根拉伸和剪切试验,系统分析了4种草本植物的单根力学特性。结果表明:4种草本植物平均单根抗拉力大小顺序为赖草(3.336 N)>扁穗冰草(2.677 N)>早熟禾(1.988 N)>紫花针茅(1.588 N),单根抗拉力与根径之间成指数函数关系;平均单根抗拉强度大小顺序为早熟禾(68.166 MPa)>扁穗冰草(67.049 MPa)>赖草(39.411 MPa)>紫花针茅(32.207 MPa),单根抗拉强度与根径之间成幂函数关系;平均单根抗剪力大小顺序为赖草(7.086 N)>扁穗冰草(6.628 N)>早熟禾(5.215 N)>紫花针茅(3.938 N),单根抗剪力与根径之间成指数函数关系;平均单根抗剪强度大小顺序为扁穗冰草(67.217 MPa)>早熟禾(56.051 MPa)>紫花针茅(41.998 MPa)>赖草(35.494 MPa),单根抗剪强度与根径之间成幂函数关系。
In order to study the mechanical characteristics of herbs roots and their mechanical mechanism of root systems in soil stabilization and slope protection in the Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Sanjiaocheng sheep breeding farm in Gangcha County, located in the Northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was selected as the study area. Four dominant herbs(Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel., Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn., Poa annua L., and Stipa purpurea Griseb.)were selected as the tested plants, and the mechanical properties of single root of four herbs were systematically analyzed by single root tensile and shear tests. The results show that the decending order of average single root tensile force is Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(3.336 N)>Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(2.677 N)>Poa annua L.(1.988 N)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(1.588 N), and the relationship between single root tensile force and root diameter accords with exponential function. The decending order of average single root tensile strength is Poa annua L.(68.166 MPa)>Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(67.049 MPa)>Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(39.411 MPa)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(32.207 MPa), and the relationship between single root tensile strength and root diameter accords with power function. The decending order of average single root shear force is Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(7.086 N) >Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(6.628 N)>Poa annua L.(5.215 N)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(3.938 N), and the relationship between single root shear force and root diameter accords with exponential function. The decending order of average single root shear strength is Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(67.217 MPa)>Poa annua L.(56.051 MPa)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(41.998 MPa)>Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(35.494 MPa), and the relationship between single root shear strength and root diameter accords with power function.
In order to study the mechanical characteristics of herbs roots and their mechanical mechanism of root systems in soil stabilization and slope protection in the Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Sanjiaocheng sheep breeding farm in Gangcha County, located in the Northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was selected as the study area. Four dominant herbs(Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel., Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn., Poa annua L., and Stipa purpurea Griseb.)were selected as the tested plants, and the mechanical properties of single root of four herbs were systematically analyzed by single root tensile and shear tests. The results show that the decending order of average single root tensile force is Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(3.336 N)>Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(2.677 N)>Poa annua L.(1.988 N)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(1.588 N), and the relationship between single root tensile force and root diameter accords with exponential function. The decending order of average single root tensile strength is Poa annua L.(68.166 MPa)>Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(67.049 MPa)>Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(39.411 MPa)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(32.207 MPa), and the relationship between single root tensile strength and root diameter accords with power function. The decending order of average single root shear force is Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(7.086 N) >Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(6.628 N)>Poa annua L.(5.215 N)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(3.938 N), and the relationship between single root shear force and root diameter accords with exponential function. The decending order of average single root shear strength is Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn.(67.217 MPa)>Poa annua L.(56.051 MPa)>Stipa purpurea Griseb.(41.998 MPa)>Leymus secalinus(Georgi) Tzvel.(35.494 MPa), and the relationship between single root shear strength and root diameter accords with power function.
引文
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[13] 来桂林.基于能值分析的青海省三角城种羊场生态系统可持续发展评价[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007:9-11.
[14] 杨予海.高寒地区国家级牧场草地农业生态系统特征研究:以青海省三角城种羊场为例[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005:19-21.
[15] 祁彪,张德罡,丁玲玲,等.退化高寒干旱草地植物群落多样性特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(5):626-631.
[16] 刘玉萍,刘涛,吕婷,等.赖草属的地理分布及其起源散布[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(3):305-317.
[17] 周学丽,杨路存,李桂全,等.扁穗冰草rDNA-ITS序列测定及分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(9):178-182.
[18] 姚璇.早熟禾栽培技术[J].现代化农业,2015(11):33-34.
[19] YUE P P,LU X F,YE R R,et al.Distribution of Stipa purpurea Steppe in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(China)[J].Russian Journal of Ecology,2011,42(1):50-56.
[20] LI X J,ZHANG X Z,WU J S,et al.Root Biomass Distribution in Alpine Ecosystems of the Northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(7):1911-1919.
[21] 张云伟,惠尚,卜晓磊,等.3种散生竹的单根抗拉力学特性[J].林业科学,2013,49(7):183-187.
[22] YAN Z,SONG Y,JIANG P,et al.Mechanical Analysis of Interaction Between Plant Roots and Rock and Soil Mass in Slope Vegetation[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2010,31(5):617-622.
[23] 蒋坤云.植物根系抗拉特性的单根微观结构作用机制[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:64-69.
[24] 欧阳前超.山西土石山区草本植物固土力学性能研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017:54-56.
[25] ABDI E,MAJNOUNIAN B,RAHIMI H,et al.Distribution and Tensile Strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) Roots Growing on Slopes of Caspian Forests,Iran[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2009,20(2):105-110.
[2] 周云艳.植物根系固土机理与护坡技术研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2010:5-6.
[3] TOSI M.Root Tensile Strength Relationships and Their Slope Stability Implications of Three Shrub Species in the Northern Apennines(Italy)[J].Geomorphology,2007,84(4):268-283.
[4] 段晓明,苗增健,刘连新,等.生态护坡应用及护坡植物群落的选择[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(31):15327-15329.
[5] 张兴玲,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.植物根系固土护坡力学机理研究现状与进展[J].人民黄河,2009,31(6):87-93.
[6] 余芹芹,乔娜,胡夏嵩,等.植物根-土复合体固坡力学效应及模型研究现状与进展[J].中国水土保持,2011(7):51-54.
[7] 王晓梅,陈建平,周云艳.植物根系抗拉试验研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(32):15688-15691.
[8] 李光莹,虎啸天,李希来,等.黄河源玛沁地区高寒草地植物固土护坡的力学效应[J].山地学报,2014,32(5):550-560.
[9] PRETI F,GIADROSSICH F.Root Reinforcement and Slope Bioengineering Stabilization by Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.)[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,2009,6(3):1713-1726.
[10] LIU X M,LIU J,SUN X,et al.Study on the Lateral Root Branch Tensile Mechanical Characteristics of Three Kinds of Plants at Exuberant Growth Period[C]//CBEES.Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of Agriculture and Animal Science.Singapore:IACSIT Press,2012:47-51.
[11] 朱海丽,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原黄土区护坡灌木植物根系力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊2):3445-3452.
[12] 贺振昭,党生,刘昌义,等.青海湖地区草本植物根系力学特性试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2017(4):44-48.
[13] 来桂林.基于能值分析的青海省三角城种羊场生态系统可持续发展评价[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2007:9-11.
[14] 杨予海.高寒地区国家级牧场草地农业生态系统特征研究:以青海省三角城种羊场为例[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2005:19-21.
[15] 祁彪,张德罡,丁玲玲,等.退化高寒干旱草地植物群落多样性特征[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2005,40(5):626-631.
[16] 刘玉萍,刘涛,吕婷,等.赖草属的地理分布及其起源散布[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(3):305-317.
[17] 周学丽,杨路存,李桂全,等.扁穗冰草rDNA-ITS序列测定及分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(9):178-182.
[18] 姚璇.早熟禾栽培技术[J].现代化农业,2015(11):33-34.
[19] YUE P P,LU X F,YE R R,et al.Distribution of Stipa purpurea Steppe in the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(China)[J].Russian Journal of Ecology,2011,42(1):50-56.
[20] LI X J,ZHANG X Z,WU J S,et al.Root Biomass Distribution in Alpine Ecosystems of the Northern Tibetan Plateau[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(7):1911-1919.
[21] 张云伟,惠尚,卜晓磊,等.3种散生竹的单根抗拉力学特性[J].林业科学,2013,49(7):183-187.
[22] YAN Z,SONG Y,JIANG P,et al.Mechanical Analysis of Interaction Between Plant Roots and Rock and Soil Mass in Slope Vegetation[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2010,31(5):617-622.
[23] 蒋坤云.植物根系抗拉特性的单根微观结构作用机制[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013:64-69.
[24] 欧阳前超.山西土石山区草本植物固土力学性能研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2017:54-56.
[25] ABDI E,MAJNOUNIAN B,RAHIMI H,et al.Distribution and Tensile Strength of Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) Roots Growing on Slopes of Caspian Forests,Iran[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2009,20(2):105-110.