天水市板栗气候适宜性变化研究
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摘要
运用天水市麦积区板栗物候调查观测资料及1971—2017年麦积国家基本气象站实测气象资料,建立了板栗生长发育的气候适宜性评价模式,对逐年板栗各个生长发育气候适宜度动态变化进行了分析。结果表明:1971—2017年天水市板栗气候适宜度较高为0.67,光照适宜度较高为0.74,其次是水分适宜度为0.66,温度适宜度较小为0.65。近年来,综合适宜度呈上升趋势,温度、水分适宜度在不同发育阶段变化较大,光照适宜度较高。萌芽开花阶段温度适宜度变化幅度较大,水分适宜度升高趋势明显。果实形成期水分适宜性较差,温度适宜度较大。果实成熟期温度适宜度较小,水分适宜度较高,板栗的后期生长环境条件变差趋势明显。萌芽开花期的水分条件及果实成熟期的热量条件应该为板栗建园时主要考虑的因素。
Based on chestnut's phenology observation data and meteorological data from 1971 to 2017 at MaijiNational Base Weather Station, the model for assessing the climate suitability degree of chestnut was set up.We analyzed the climate suitability of every main growth periods of chestnut. The results showed that chestnutsynthesize climate suitability degree was 0.67, sunshine suitability degree was 0.74, water suitability degreewas 0.66 and temperature suitability degree was 0.65 from 1971 to 2017. The synthesize climate suitabilitydegree increased with time in recent years. The water and temperature suitability degree varied with differentgrowth periods and sunshine suitability degree kept high value in all growth periods. The variation range oftemperature suitability degree was big and water suitability degree had a rising trend in sprout and floweringperiod. The water suitability degree was low while temperature suitability degree was high in fruit expansionperiod, while the temperature suitability degree was low and the water suitability degree was high in fruitmaturation period, the environment condition of growth for chestnut become more unsuitable. We suggestedthat water supplying in sprout and flowering period and heat resource in maturation period should beconsidered in building chestnut orchard.
Based on chestnut's phenology observation data and meteorological data from 1971 to 2017 at MaijiNational Base Weather Station, the model for assessing the climate suitability degree of chestnut was set up.We analyzed the climate suitability of every main growth periods of chestnut. The results showed that chestnutsynthesize climate suitability degree was 0.67, sunshine suitability degree was 0.74, water suitability degreewas 0.66 and temperature suitability degree was 0.65 from 1971 to 2017. The synthesize climate suitabilitydegree increased with time in recent years. The water and temperature suitability degree varied with differentgrowth periods and sunshine suitability degree kept high value in all growth periods. The variation range oftemperature suitability degree was big and water suitability degree had a rising trend in sprout and floweringperiod. The water suitability degree was low while temperature suitability degree was high in fruit expansionperiod, while the temperature suitability degree was low and the water suitability degree was high in fruitmaturation period, the environment condition of growth for chestnut become more unsuitable. We suggestedthat water supplying in sprout and flowering period and heat resource in maturation period should beconsidered in building chestnut orchard.
引文
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[20]邓振镛,张强,王强,等.黄土高原旱作区土壤贮水力和农田耗水量对冬小麦水分利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3672-3678.
[21]蒲金涌,王润元,李晓薇,等.甘肃黄土高原土壤水分变化对冬小麦产量的影响[J].地理学报,2012,67(5):710-718.
[22]王全九,柴晶,王翔翔.夏闲期降水对黄土旱塬冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响[J],农业工程学报,2015,31(24):82-88.
[23]邹文秀,韩晓增,王守宇,等.干旱条件下黑土农田水分特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):677-680.
[2]刘志娟,杨晓光,王文博,等.气候变化背景下我国东北三省农业气候资源变化特征[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(9):2199-2206.
[3]赵峰,千怀遂.全球变暖影响下农作物气候适宜性研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报, 2004,12(2):134-137.
[4]邓振镛.高原干旱气候作物生态气候适应性研究[M].北京:气象出版社,2005.
[5]国家气象局.农业气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,1993.
[6] R G Allen, L S Pereira, D Raes, et al. Crop Evapotranspiration Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements-FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56[M].Rome:FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization,1998.
[7]蒲金涌,姚小英,王位泰.气候变化对甘肃省冬小麦气候适宜性的影响[J].地理研究2011,30(1):153-159.
[8]熊岳农业专科学校.果树栽培[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社,1986.
[9]赵峰,千怀遂,焦士兴.农作物气候适宜度研究—以河南省冬小麦为例[J].资源科学,2003,25(6):78-82.
[10]刘国彬,兰彦平,曹均.中国板栗生殖生物学研究进展[J].果树学报,2011,28(6):1063-1070.
[11]江锡兵,龚榜初,刘庆忠,等.中国板栗地方品种重要农艺性状的表型多样性[J],园艺学报,2014,41(4):641-652.
[12]姚小英,蒲金涌.陇东南地区板栗生态气候适应性的研究[J].气象,2001,27(10):53-56.
[13]张媛,邵建柱,刘兴菊,等.我国板栗光合作用研究进展[J].西北林学院学报.2007,22(5):53-56,82.
[14]蒲金涌,姚小英.西北旱作区苹果水分适宜性—以天水为例[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):1957-1961.
[15]申浩.浅析板栗丰产栽培技术[J].中国西部科技,2012(5):54,45.
[16]张忠良,鲁周民,李文华.魔芋葡甘聚糖在板栗保鲜中的应用[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(2):83-84,133.
[17]李国元.鄂北地区板栗低产原因及增产措施[J].孝感学院学报,2002,22(3):57-59.
[18]苏绍芳.永仁县板栗产业存在的问题和对策[J].中国水土保持,2011(2):72-73.
[19]千怀遂,焦士兴,赵峰.河南省冬小麦气候适宜性变化研究[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(5):503-507
[20]邓振镛,张强,王强,等.黄土高原旱作区土壤贮水力和农田耗水量对冬小麦水分利用率的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(14):3672-3678.
[21]蒲金涌,王润元,李晓薇,等.甘肃黄土高原土壤水分变化对冬小麦产量的影响[J].地理学报,2012,67(5):710-718.
[22]王全九,柴晶,王翔翔.夏闲期降水对黄土旱塬冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响[J],农业工程学报,2015,31(24):82-88.
[23]邹文秀,韩晓增,王守宇,等.干旱条件下黑土农田水分特征研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(4):677-680.