不同原料商品有机肥对土壤肥力性状及冬瓜产量的影响
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摘要
分析明月海藻有机肥(CH01)、海腾鸡粪有机肥(HK05)、荣达豆粕有机肥(BT03)和博泰虾肽氨基酸有机肥(CJ01)4种不同原料商品有机肥养分含量,研究其对土壤肥力和冬瓜产量的影响。结果表明:海藻有机质含量最高,豆粕氮含量最高,鸡粪磷和钾含量最高;经过360 d的培养实验后,海藻对有机质提升效果最好;豆粕对碱解氮和全氮含量提升效果最好;鸡粪对速效磷提升效果最好;鸡粪和虾肽对速效钾提升最大。对土壤pH和CEC提升效果最好的有机肥分别为鸡粪和海藻。大田试验中豆粕对碱解氮含量提升效果最好,海藻对CEC提升效果最好,鸡粪对pH提升效果最好,与培养试验结果相一致。但各处理土壤中的养分含量,pH和CEC差异不显著。施用虾肽能显著提高冬瓜产量,其余处理与空白对照无显著差异。不同原料商品有机肥培肥土壤的能力受到有机肥基本理化性质的影响,增产效果与其钾含量高低有关,施用虾肽有机肥能显著提高冬瓜产量。短时间的田间试验无法体现商品有机肥的肥效。
In this study we analyzed the nutrient contents of four commercial organic fertilizers: Mingyue seaweed(CH01), Haiteng chicken manures(HK05), Rongda soybean meal(BT03) and Botai shrimp peptides(CJ01), and investigated the effect of commercial organic fertilizers to soil fertility and wax gourd yield. The results showed that the commercial organic fertilizers with the highest organic matter and nitrogen content were seaweed and soybean meal.And chicken manures had the highest phosphorus and potassium content. After 360 days of soil incubation experiments,seaweed had the best effect on enhancing organic matter content in the studied soil; soybean meal had the best increasing of total nitrogen and available nitrogen; chicken manures had the best enhancing of available phosphorus, while chicken manures and shrimp peptides had the best increasing of available potassium. Chicken manure and seaweed were the most effective organic fertilizers for the enhancement of soil pH and CEC, respectively. Results of field experiment showed that soybean meal, seaweed and chicken manures had the best improvement of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,CEC and pH, respectively, which was consistent with the results of soil incubation. However, there was no significant difference in nutrient content, pH and CEC of soil between different treatments. The application of shrimp peptides could significantly increase the yield of wax gourd, but there was no significant difference between the studied treatments and the control treatment. The ability of organic fertilizer with different raw materials to cultivate soil was affected by the basic physical and chemical properties of organic fertilizer. The effect of increasing yield related to level of organic fertilizer potassium. The application of shrimp peptides can significantly increase the yield of wax gourd.Short-term experiment cannot reflect the effect of commercial organic fertilizer for soil fertility property.
In this study we analyzed the nutrient contents of four commercial organic fertilizers: Mingyue seaweed(CH01), Haiteng chicken manures(HK05), Rongda soybean meal(BT03) and Botai shrimp peptides(CJ01), and investigated the effect of commercial organic fertilizers to soil fertility and wax gourd yield. The results showed that the commercial organic fertilizers with the highest organic matter and nitrogen content were seaweed and soybean meal.And chicken manures had the highest phosphorus and potassium content. After 360 days of soil incubation experiments,seaweed had the best effect on enhancing organic matter content in the studied soil; soybean meal had the best increasing of total nitrogen and available nitrogen; chicken manures had the best enhancing of available phosphorus, while chicken manures and shrimp peptides had the best increasing of available potassium. Chicken manure and seaweed were the most effective organic fertilizers for the enhancement of soil pH and CEC, respectively. Results of field experiment showed that soybean meal, seaweed and chicken manures had the best improvement of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen,CEC and pH, respectively, which was consistent with the results of soil incubation. However, there was no significant difference in nutrient content, pH and CEC of soil between different treatments. The application of shrimp peptides could significantly increase the yield of wax gourd, but there was no significant difference between the studied treatments and the control treatment. The ability of organic fertilizer with different raw materials to cultivate soil was affected by the basic physical and chemical properties of organic fertilizer. The effect of increasing yield related to level of organic fertilizer potassium. The application of shrimp peptides can significantly increase the yield of wax gourd.Short-term experiment cannot reflect the effect of commercial organic fertilizer for soil fertility property.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准:有机肥料:NYN525-2012[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2012:1-13.
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[3]梁金凤,齐庆振,贾小红,等.京郊有机肥料的质量状况分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(6):79-83.
[4]潘运舟,兰天,赵文,等.海南省商品有机肥的组成与养分状况研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(4):853-860.
[5]Huang S,Rui W Y,Peng X X,et al.Organic carbon fractions affected by long-term fertilization in subtropical paddy soil[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2010,86(1):153-160.
[6]仝少伟,时连辉,刘登民,等.不同有机堆肥对土壤性状及微生物生物量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):110-117.
[7]郭康莉,冀拯宇,刘晓,等.无害化污泥堆肥施用量对砂质潮土土壤活性有机碳组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):105-113.
[8]叶胜兰,徐福利,王渭玲,等.不同有机肥对黄土丘陵区梨枣生长、光合特性及果实品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(02):370-378.
[9]钟书堂,沈宗专,孙逸飞,等.生物有机肥对连作蕉园生产和土壤可培养微生物区系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):481-489.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]周博,朱振国,周建斌,等.杨凌地区不同畜禽有机肥养分及重金属含量研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(3):714-718.
[12]徐明岗.恒电荷土壤与可变电荷土壤K+的吸附特性[J].土壤肥力,2002(2):13-17.
[13]Bragazza L,Siffi C,Iacumin P,et al.Mass loss and nutrient release during litter decay in peatland:The role of microbial adaptability to litter chemistry[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2007,39(1):257-267
[14]曾希柏.红壤酸化及其防治[J].土壤通报,2000,31(3):111-113.
[15]Hue N V.Alleviating soil acidity with crop residues[J].Soil Science,2011,176(10):1-7.
[16]Richer J,Roelcke M.The N-cycle as determined by intensive agriculture-examples from central Europe and China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2000,57:33-46.
[17]李静,陈瑞洲,兰子汉,等.有机肥替代部分无机肥对菜园土理化特性、酶活性及果实养分的影响[J].热带作物学报,2018,39(4):656-660.
[18]孔涛,马瑜,刘民,等.生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):884-891.
[19]肖辉,潘洁,程文娟,等.不同有机肥对设施土壤全盐积累与pH值变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014(2):248-252.
[20]宇万太,姜子绍,马强,等.施用有机肥对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养宇肥料学报,2009,15(5):1057-1064.
[21]唐继伟,林治安,许建新,等.有机肥与无机肥在提高土壤肥力中的作用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(3):44-47.
[22]奚振邦,王寓群,杨佩珍.中国现代农业发展的有机肥问题[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(12):1874-1878.
[23]Chang-An Liu,Feng-Rui Li,Li-Min Zhou,et al.Effect of organic manure and fertilizer on soil water and crop yields in newly-built terraces with loess soil in a semi-arid environment[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,117:123-132.
[24]宁川川,王建武,蔡昆争,等.有机肥对土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):175-181.
[25]马坤,胡运高,杨国涛,等.不同氮、钾配比对杂交稻组合B优827衰老生理的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(20):14-17.
[26]李国良,姚丽贤,何兆柦,等.冬瓜氮磷钾化肥配施效应[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(4):273-276.
[27]陈淑班,李广涛,袁凤英,等.浅述蛋白废弃物生产氨基酸肥料[J].广东化工,2014,41(17):103-104.
[28]吕娜娜,沈宗专,王东升,等.施用氨基酸有机肥对黄瓜产量及土壤生物学性状的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2018,41(3):456-464.
[2]罗文贱,逄玉万,欧俊,等.广东省有机肥料市场现状及发展方向分析[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(2):66-68.
[3]梁金凤,齐庆振,贾小红,等.京郊有机肥料的质量状况分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2009(6):79-83.
[4]潘运舟,兰天,赵文,等.海南省商品有机肥的组成与养分状况研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(4):853-860.
[5]Huang S,Rui W Y,Peng X X,et al.Organic carbon fractions affected by long-term fertilization in subtropical paddy soil[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2010,86(1):153-160.
[6]仝少伟,时连辉,刘登民,等.不同有机堆肥对土壤性状及微生物生物量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):110-117.
[7]郭康莉,冀拯宇,刘晓,等.无害化污泥堆肥施用量对砂质潮土土壤活性有机碳组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(1):105-113.
[8]叶胜兰,徐福利,王渭玲,等.不同有机肥对黄土丘陵区梨枣生长、光合特性及果实品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(02):370-378.
[9]钟书堂,沈宗专,孙逸飞,等.生物有机肥对连作蕉园生产和土壤可培养微生物区系的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):481-489.
[10]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[11]周博,朱振国,周建斌,等.杨凌地区不同畜禽有机肥养分及重金属含量研究[J].土壤通报,2013,44(3):714-718.
[12]徐明岗.恒电荷土壤与可变电荷土壤K+的吸附特性[J].土壤肥力,2002(2):13-17.
[13]Bragazza L,Siffi C,Iacumin P,et al.Mass loss and nutrient release during litter decay in peatland:The role of microbial adaptability to litter chemistry[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2007,39(1):257-267
[14]曾希柏.红壤酸化及其防治[J].土壤通报,2000,31(3):111-113.
[15]Hue N V.Alleviating soil acidity with crop residues[J].Soil Science,2011,176(10):1-7.
[16]Richer J,Roelcke M.The N-cycle as determined by intensive agriculture-examples from central Europe and China[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2000,57:33-46.
[17]李静,陈瑞洲,兰子汉,等.有机肥替代部分无机肥对菜园土理化特性、酶活性及果实养分的影响[J].热带作物学报,2018,39(4):656-660.
[18]孔涛,马瑜,刘民,等.生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):884-891.
[19]肖辉,潘洁,程文娟,等.不同有机肥对设施土壤全盐积累与pH值变化的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014(2):248-252.
[20]宇万太,姜子绍,马强,等.施用有机肥对土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养宇肥料学报,2009,15(5):1057-1064.
[21]唐继伟,林治安,许建新,等.有机肥与无机肥在提高土壤肥力中的作用[J].中国土壤与肥料,2006(3):44-47.
[22]奚振邦,王寓群,杨佩珍.中国现代农业发展的有机肥问题[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(12):1874-1878.
[23]Chang-An Liu,Feng-Rui Li,Li-Min Zhou,et al.Effect of organic manure and fertilizer on soil water and crop yields in newly-built terraces with loess soil in a semi-arid environment[J].Agricultural Water Management,2013,117:123-132.
[24]宁川川,王建武,蔡昆争,等.有机肥对土壤肥力和土壤环境质量的影响研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(1):175-181.
[25]马坤,胡运高,杨国涛,等.不同氮、钾配比对杂交稻组合B优827衰老生理的影响[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(20):14-17.
[26]李国良,姚丽贤,何兆柦,等.冬瓜氮磷钾化肥配施效应[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(4):273-276.
[27]陈淑班,李广涛,袁凤英,等.浅述蛋白废弃物生产氨基酸肥料[J].广东化工,2014,41(17):103-104.
[28]吕娜娜,沈宗专,王东升,等.施用氨基酸有机肥对黄瓜产量及土壤生物学性状的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2018,41(3):456-464.