近红外二区光声成像造影剂的研究进展
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摘要
光声成像是一种新兴的复合成像技术,其结合了光学成像灵敏度高和声学成像穿透深度大、成像分辨率高的特点,在生物成像领域具有广阔的应用前景,近年来发展迅速。光声成像基于光声效应,通过激光照射成像对象产生超声波,进而实现成像。利用近红外二区激光进行光声成像具有穿透深度大、背景噪声低、最大允许辐照能量高等优势,有利于实现深部组织高分辨成像。外源性光声成像造影剂能够局部增强组织吸收性能,增强光声信号,提升成像对比度。因此近红外二区外源性光声成像造影剂是实现深部组织光声成像的重要条件,近年来受到研究人员的广泛关注。然而,目前已有的光声成像相关报道主要集中在近红外一区,光声成像造影剂包括无机纳米材料和有机小分子等,其存在组织深度穿透有限、背景噪声明显等问题。关于近红外二区光声成像的报道十分有限,其主要原因是缺乏具备近红外二区吸收能力和光声转换能力的外源性光声成像造影剂。同时,成熟稳定的近红外二区光声成像系统也十分不足,阻碍了近红外二区光声成像造影剂的发展。本文归纳了近年来近红外二区光声成像造影剂的研究进展,主要包括有机半导体共轭聚合物、无机纳米材料、小分子有机染料等,重点介绍其制备方法、光吸收性能、光声成像能力,并对近红外二区光声成像造影剂的未来发展进行了展望。
Photoacoustic imaging( PAI) is an emerging hybrid imaging technique that combines the high sensitivity of optical imaging with the deep penetration and high spatial resolution of acoustic imaging. It has great potential in the field of bio-imaging and has been developed rapidly in recent years. PAI is based on the photoacoustic effect,and the ultrasonic waves generated by imaging object after laser irradiation is used for imaging. PAI working in the second near-infrared window( NIR-Ⅱ) takes the advantages of deeper penetration,lower background noise,and higher maximum permissible exposure when compared to the first near-infrared window( NIR-Ⅰ),which leads to high-resolution imaging of deep tissues.The exogenous PAI contrast agents can enhance imaging contrast by locally enhance tissue absorption performance and photoacoustic signals.Therefore,exogenous PAI contrast agents working in NIR-Ⅱ region are crucial for realizing deep tissue PAI,and has attracted much attention in recent years.However,most of the reported PAI contrast agents working in NIR-I region,including inorganic nanomaterials and small organic molecules,have limited penetration depth and obvious background noise. Reports related PAI in NIR-Ⅱ region are very limited since the lack of exogenous PAI contrast agents with NIR-Ⅱ absorption and photoacoustic conversion capabilities. On the other hand,the short of mature and stable PAI system working in NIR-Ⅱ region also hinders the development of PAI.In this paper,the progress of PAI contrast agents working in NIR-Ⅱ region was summarized,including organic semiconducting conjugated polymers,inorganic nanomaterials and small molecule organic dyes. The synthesis methods,absorption properties and PAI performance were introduced. The future development of PAI in NIR-Ⅱ region was prospected.
Photoacoustic imaging( PAI) is an emerging hybrid imaging technique that combines the high sensitivity of optical imaging with the deep penetration and high spatial resolution of acoustic imaging. It has great potential in the field of bio-imaging and has been developed rapidly in recent years. PAI is based on the photoacoustic effect,and the ultrasonic waves generated by imaging object after laser irradiation is used for imaging. PAI working in the second near-infrared window( NIR-Ⅱ) takes the advantages of deeper penetration,lower background noise,and higher maximum permissible exposure when compared to the first near-infrared window( NIR-Ⅰ),which leads to high-resolution imaging of deep tissues.The exogenous PAI contrast agents can enhance imaging contrast by locally enhance tissue absorption performance and photoacoustic signals.Therefore,exogenous PAI contrast agents working in NIR-Ⅱ region are crucial for realizing deep tissue PAI,and has attracted much attention in recent years.However,most of the reported PAI contrast agents working in NIR-I region,including inorganic nanomaterials and small organic molecules,have limited penetration depth and obvious background noise. Reports related PAI in NIR-Ⅱ region are very limited since the lack of exogenous PAI contrast agents with NIR-Ⅱ absorption and photoacoustic conversion capabilities. On the other hand,the short of mature and stable PAI system working in NIR-Ⅱ region also hinders the development of PAI.In this paper,the progress of PAI contrast agents working in NIR-Ⅱ region was summarized,including organic semiconducting conjugated polymers,inorganic nanomaterials and small molecule organic dyes. The synthesis methods,absorption properties and PAI performance were introduced. The future development of PAI in NIR-Ⅱ region was prospected.
引文
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