质量、生产率与企业出口参与
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摘要
本文采用中国企业层面的数据研究了质量、生产率对企业出口参与的影响。研究结果表明质量、生产率对企业出口参与有显著的正向影响,即质量每增长1%,企业出口参与的可能性提高0.16%,企业生产率每提高1%,企业参与出口的可能性提高1.89%,说明高质量、高生产率企业更有可能进入出口市场。因此提高企业产品质量、生产率以及加强企业品牌建设,对于提升企业国际竞争力具有重要的意义。
This paper uses Chinese firm-level data to study the impact of quality and productivity on export participation of firms. The results show that quality and productivity have a significant positive impact on the export participation of firms.That is, if the quality increases by 1 %, the possibility of firms ' participation in export increases by0. 16%,and if the productivity of firms increases by1%,the possibility of firms participating in exports increases by 1. 89%. It shows that high-quality,high-productivity firms are more likely to enter the export market. Therefore,improving product quality,productivity, and strengthening corporate brand building are of great significance for enhancing the international competitiveness of firms.
This paper uses Chinese firm-level data to study the impact of quality and productivity on export participation of firms. The results show that quality and productivity have a significant positive impact on the export participation of firms.That is, if the quality increases by 1 %, the possibility of firms ' participation in export increases by0. 16%,and if the productivity of firms increases by1%,the possibility of firms participating in exports increases by 1. 89%. It shows that high-quality,high-productivity firms are more likely to enter the export market. Therefore,improving product quality,productivity, and strengthening corporate brand building are of great significance for enhancing the international competitiveness of firms.
引文
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(2)符国群:《Interbrand品牌评估法评介》,《外国经济与管理》1999年第11期。
(3)韩会朝、徐康宁:《中国产品出口“质量门槛”假说及其检验》,《中国工业经济》2014年第4期。
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(5)李坤望、王有鑫:《FDI促进了中国出口产品质量升级吗?——基于动态面板系统GMM方法的研究》,《世界经济研究》2013年第5期。
(6)李方静:《企业生产率、产品质量与出口目的地选择——来自中国制造业企业微观层面证据》,《当代财经》2014年第4期。
(7)李方静:《中间产品进口与企业出口质量》,《世界经济研究》2016年第10期。
(8)李兴龙:《企业品牌对其出口行为影响的实证研究》,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2014年。
(9)毛其淋:《贸易自由化、异质性与企业动态:对中国制造业企业的经验研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2013年。
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(11)钱学锋、王菊蓉、黄云湖、王胜:《出口与中国工业企业的生产率——自我选择效应还是出口学习效应?》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2011年第2期。
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(14)施炳展:《补贴对中国企业出口行为的影响——基于配对倍差法的经验分析》,《财经研究》2012年第5期。
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(18)宋林、乔小乐:《政府补贴对企业研发投入的影响研究——以装备制造业为例》,《经济问题》2017年第11期。
(19)孙小军、张亮、徐小聪、彭婷婷:《政府生产性补贴会促进企业成本加成率增加吗》,《宏观经济研究》2017年第3期。
(20)汤二子、孙振:《引人产品质量的异质性企业贸易模型及中国经验证据》,《经济评论》2012年第4期。
(21)汤二子、孙振:《异质性生产率、产品质量与中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”》,《世界经济研究》2012年第11期。
(22)陶虎、田金方、郝书辰:《基于Malmquist指数的国有企业资本配置效率演进特征分析》,《产业经济评论》2012年第3期。
(23)田巍、余淼杰:《汇率变化、贸易服务与中国企业对外直接投资》,《世界经济》2017年第11期。
(24)殷德生:《中国入世以来出口产品质量升级的决定因素与变动趋势》,《财贸经济》2011年第11期。
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(1)本文的质量指的是用需求函数回归后的残差,我们将其定义为产品质量。
(2)Broda和Weinstein(2006)计算的替代弹性数据的下载地址为:http://www.columbia.edu/~dew35/TradeElasticities/TradeElasticities.html。本文所使用的数据是HS8位的,为了使数据匹配过程中不损失过多的样本,本文与Tang和Zhang(2012)以及樊海潮和郭光远(2015)的处理方法一致,将HS3位的替代弹性,取中位数进HS2。
(3)中国工业企业数据库中的无形资产变量包括企业的商誉、专利权、商标权、非专利技术、特许权等。
(2)符国群:《Interbrand品牌评估法评介》,《外国经济与管理》1999年第11期。
(3)韩会朝、徐康宁:《中国产品出口“质量门槛”假说及其检验》,《中国工业经济》2014年第4期。
(4)景维民、莫龙炯:《经济转型时期国有经济最优规模研究——基于省际数据的实证分析》,《经济学家》2017年第9期。
(5)李坤望、王有鑫:《FDI促进了中国出口产品质量升级吗?——基于动态面板系统GMM方法的研究》,《世界经济研究》2013年第5期。
(6)李方静:《企业生产率、产品质量与出口目的地选择——来自中国制造业企业微观层面证据》,《当代财经》2014年第4期。
(7)李方静:《中间产品进口与企业出口质量》,《世界经济研究》2016年第10期。
(8)李兴龙:《企业品牌对其出口行为影响的实证研究》,大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2014年。
(9)毛其淋:《贸易自由化、异质性与企业动态:对中国制造业企业的经验研究》,南开大学博士学位论文,2013年。
(10)聂辉华、邹肇芸:《中国应从“人口红利”转向“制度红利”》,《国际经济评论》2012年第6期。
(11)钱学锋、王菊蓉、黄云湖、王胜:《出口与中国工业企业的生产率——自我选择效应还是出口学习效应?》,《数量经济技术经济研究》2011年第2期。
(12)钱学锋、王胜、陈勇兵:《中国的多产品出口企业及其产品范围:事实与解释》,《管理世界》2013年第1期。
(13)盛斌、牛蕊:《贸易、劳动力需求弹性与就业风险:中国工业的经验研究》,《世界经济》2009年第6期。
(14)施炳展:《补贴对中国企业出口行为的影响——基于配对倍差法的经验分析》,《财经研究》2012年第5期。
(15)施炳展、邵文波:《中国企业出口产品质量测算及其决定因素——培育出口竞争新优势的微观视角》,《管理世界》2014年第9期。
(16)施炳展:《中国企业出口产品质量异质性:测度与事实》,《经济学(季刊)》2014年第1期。
(17)施炳展、曾祥菲:《中国企业进口产品质量测算与事实》,《世界经济》2015年第3期。
(18)宋林、乔小乐:《政府补贴对企业研发投入的影响研究——以装备制造业为例》,《经济问题》2017年第11期。
(19)孙小军、张亮、徐小聪、彭婷婷:《政府生产性补贴会促进企业成本加成率增加吗》,《宏观经济研究》2017年第3期。
(20)汤二子、孙振:《引人产品质量的异质性企业贸易模型及中国经验证据》,《经济评论》2012年第4期。
(21)汤二子、孙振:《异质性生产率、产品质量与中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”》,《世界经济研究》2012年第11期。
(22)陶虎、田金方、郝书辰:《基于Malmquist指数的国有企业资本配置效率演进特征分析》,《产业经济评论》2012年第3期。
(23)田巍、余淼杰:《汇率变化、贸易服务与中国企业对外直接投资》,《世界经济》2017年第11期。
(24)殷德生:《中国入世以来出口产品质量升级的决定因素与变动趋势》,《财贸经济》2011年第11期。
(25)余淼杰:《对<中国企业“出口一生产率悖论”研究综述>的评论》,《世界经济》2015年第5期。
(26)余淼杰、张睿:《人民币升值对出口质量的提升效应:来自中国的微观证据》,《管理世界》2017年第5期。
(27)张维迎、周黎安、顾全林:《高新技术企业的成长及其影响因素:分位回归模型的一个应用》,《管理世界》2005年第10期。
(28)赵春明、张群:《产品质量提升与出口目的国转变》,《黑龙江社会科学》2016年第5期。
(29)Ackerberg,D.,Benkard,C.L.,Berry,S.and Pakes,A.,Econometric tools for analyzing market outcomes.In Heckman,J.J.and Leamer,E.,(Eds),Handbook Of Econometrics,Vol.6,Amsterdam,North-Holland:Elsevier,2007.
(30)Ackerberg,D.,Caves,K.and Frazer,G.,Structural identification of production functions.UCLA Working Paper,2006.
(31)Alcalá,F.and Ciccone,A.,Trade and productivity.Quarterly Journal Of Economics,Vol.119,No.2,2004.
(32)Amiti,M.and Khandelwal,A.K.,Import competition and quality upgrading.Review Of Economics And Statistics,Vol.95,No.2,2013.
(33)Arkolakis,C.,Costinot,A.,Donaldson,D.and Rodriguez-Clare,A.,The elusive pro-competitive effects of trade.NBER Working Paper,No.21370,2015.
(34)Aw,B.Y.and Lee,Y.,A model of demand,productivity and foreign location decision among Taiwanese firms.Journal Of International Economics,Vol.92,No.2,2014.
(35)Aw,B.Y.and Lee,Y.,Demand,costs and product scope in the export market.European Economic Review,Vol.100,2017.
(36)Bernard,A.B.,Jensen,J.B.,Redding,S.J.and Schott,P.K.,Firms in international trade.Journal Of Economic Perspectives,Vol.21,No.3,2007.
(37)Bernard,A.B.and Okubo,T.,Multi-product plants and product switching in Japan.Research Institute Of Economy,Trade And Industry(RIETI)Discussion Papers,No.13069,2013.
(38)Bernard,A.B.,Redding,S.J.and Schott,P.K.,Multi-product firms and product switching.American Economic Review,Vol.100,No.1,2010.
(39)Brandt,L.,Van Biesebroeck,J.and Zhang,Y.,Creative accounting or creative destruction?Firm-level productivity growth in Chinese manufacturing.Journal Of Development Economics,Vol.97,No.2,2012.
(40)Broda,C.and Weinstein,D.E.,Globalization and the gains from variety.Quarterly Journal Of Economics,Vol.121,No.2,2006.
(41)Broda,C.and Weinstein,D.E.,Product creation and destruction:Evidence and price implications.American Economic Review,Vol.100,No.3,2010.
(42)Cai,H.and Liu,Q.,Compctition and corporatc tax avoidance:Evidence from Chinese industrial firms.Economic Journal,Vol.119,No.537,2009.
(43)Crozet,M.,Head,K.and Mayer,T.,Quality sorting and trade:Firm-level evidence for French wine.Review Of Economics And Statistics,Vol.79,No.2,2012.
(44)Dunne,T.,Roberts,M.J.and Samuelson,L.,Patterns of firm entry and exit in US manufacturing industries.RAND Journal Of Economics,Vol.19,No.4,1988.
(45)Eckel,C.,Iacovone,L.,Javorcik,B.and Neary,J.P.,Multi-product firms at home and away:Cost-versus quality-based competence.Journal Of International Economics,Vol.95,No.2,2015.
(46)Feenstra,R.C.and Romalis,J.,International prices and endogenous quality.Quarterly Journal Of Economics,Vol.129,No.2,2014.
(47)Foster,L.,Haltiwanger,J.and Syverson,C.,Reallocation,firm turnover,and efficiency:Selection on productivity or profitability?.American Economic Review,Vol.98,No.1,2008.
(48)Gabaix,X.,The granular origins of aggregate fluctuations.Econometrica,Vol.79,No.3,2011.
(49)Gervais,A.,Product quality and firm heterogeneity ininternational trade.Canadian Journal Of Economics,Vol.48,No.3,2015.
(50)Goldberg,P.K.,Khandelwal,A.K.,Pavcnik,N.and Topalova,P.,Multiproduct firms and product turnover in the developing world:Evidence from India.Review Of Economics And Statistics,Vol.92,No.4,2010.
(51)Hallak,J.C.,Product quality and the direction of trade.Journal Of International Economics,Vol.68,No.1,2006.
(10)Hallak,J.C.and Sivadasan,J.,Firms'exporting behavior under quality constraints.NBER Working Paper,No.14928,2009,
(53)Hallak,J.C.and Sivadasan,J.,Product and process productivity:Implications for quality choice and conditional exporter premia.Journal Of International Economics,Vol.91,No.1,2013.
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(1)本文的质量指的是用需求函数回归后的残差,我们将其定义为产品质量。
(2)Broda和Weinstein(2006)计算的替代弹性数据的下载地址为:http://www.columbia.edu/~dew35/TradeElasticities/TradeElasticities.html。本文所使用的数据是HS8位的,为了使数据匹配过程中不损失过多的样本,本文与Tang和Zhang(2012)以及樊海潮和郭光远(2015)的处理方法一致,将HS3位的替代弹性,取中位数进HS2。
(3)中国工业企业数据库中的无形资产变量包括企业的商誉、专利权、商标权、非专利技术、特许权等。