基于贸易中介视角对出口企业生产率悖论的再探讨
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摘要
本文从贸易中介视角,将出口进一步分为直接出口与间接出口,使用2012年世界银行的中国企业调查数据对"生产率悖论"问题进行再次检验。研究发现,从整体出口来看,中国企业存在生产率悖论问题,但是问题主要来自直接出口企业,间接出口企业不存在明显的悖论问题,并且直接出口企业的出口率也与生产率呈负向关系。因此,本文认为要想使中国企业摆脱生产率悖论问题,主要应对直接出口企业采取相关措施。
This paper decomposes exports into direct exports and indirect exports from the perspective of trade intermediaries. It uses China's enterprises survey data collected by World Bank in 2012 to examine the problem of"productivity paradox"again. There is"productivity paradox"in China's enterprises through the lens of the whole exports. The problem mainly rises from the direct export enterprises,and indirect export enterprises do not exist significant"productivity paradox". The export ratio of China's direct export enterprises is negatively related to the productivity. So this study argues that the government should take appropriate measures against direct export enterprises to solve the problem of"productivity paradox".
This paper decomposes exports into direct exports and indirect exports from the perspective of trade intermediaries. It uses China's enterprises survey data collected by World Bank in 2012 to examine the problem of"productivity paradox"again. There is"productivity paradox"in China's enterprises through the lens of the whole exports. The problem mainly rises from the direct export enterprises,and indirect export enterprises do not exist significant"productivity paradox". The export ratio of China's direct export enterprises is negatively related to the productivity. So this study argues that the government should take appropriate measures against direct export enterprises to solve the problem of"productivity paradox".
引文
[1]MELITZ M J.The impact of trade on intra-industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity[J].Econometrica,2003,71(6):1695-1725.
[2]BERNARD A B,EATON J,JENSEN J B,et al.Plants and productivity in international trade[J].American economic review,2003,93(4):1268-1290.
[3]GIRMA S,GREENAWAY D,KNELLER R.Does exporting increase productivity?A microeconometric analysis of matched firms[J].Review of international economics,2004,12(5):855-866.
[4]HELPMAN E,MELITZ M J,YEAPLE S R.Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms[J].Scholarly articles,2004,94(1):300-316.
[5]AW B Y,ROBERTS M J,WINSTON T.Export market participation,investments in R&D and worker training,and the evolution of firm productivity[J].World economy,2007,30(1):83-104.
[6]KASAHARA H,LAPHAM B.Productivity and the decision to import and export:theory and evidence[J].Journal of international economics,2013,89(2):297-316.
[7]BERNARD A B,JENSEN J B.Exporting and productivity in the USA[J].Oxford review of economic policy,2004,20(3):343-357.
[8]AW B Y,ROBERTS M J.Productivity and turnover in the export market:micro evidence from Taiwan and South Korea[J].The world bank economic review,2000,14:65-90.
[9]唐宜红,林发勤.异质性企业贸易模型对中国企业出口的适用性检验[J].南开经济研究,2009(6):88-99.
[10]钱学锋,王菊蓉,黄云湖,等.出口与中国工业企业的生产率---自我选择效应还是出口学习效应[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011,28(2):37-51.
[11]易靖韬.企业异质性、市场进入成本、技术溢出效应与出口参与决定[J].经济研究,2009,44(9):106-115.
[12]马林梅,张群群.中国企业规模异质性与间接出口模式---基于2013年世界银行数据的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2014(7):133-143.
[13]汤二子,刘海洋.中国出口企业“生产率悖论”存在性检验---来自2005-2008年中国制造业企业的证据[J].国际经贸探索,2011,27(11):39-47.
[14]李建萍,张乃丽.比较优势、异质性企业与出口“生产率悖论”---基于对中国制造业上市企业的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(6):3-13.
[15]李春顶.中国出口企业是否存在“生产率悖论”:基于中国制造业企业数据的检验[J].世界经济,2010,33(7):64-81.
[16]戴觅,余淼杰,MAITRA Madhura.中国出口企业生产率之谜:加工贸易的作用[J].经济学(季刊),2014,13(2):675-698.
[17]盛丹.地区行政垄断与我国企业出口的“生产率悖论”[J].产业经济研究,2013(4):70-80.
[18]曹驰.中国制造业企业“出口自我选择效应”再研究---基于新新贸易理论的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(12):108-121.
[19]BERNARD A B,JENSEN J B,REDDING S J,et al.Wholesalers and retailers in US trade[J].Social science electronic publishing,2010,100(2):408-413.
[20]AHN J B,KHANDELWAL A K,WEI S J.The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade[J].Journal of international economics,2011,84(1):73-85.
[21]LU J Y,LU Y,SUN Y,et al.Intermediaries,firm heterogeneity and exporting behaviour[J].World economy,2016,40(7).
[22]茹玉骢,李燕.电子商务、贸易中介与企业出口方式选择[J].浙江学刊,2014(6):177-184.
[23]毛毅.企业间接出口方式选择的影响因素研究---基于中国微观企业的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(12):48-56.
[24]BERNARD A B,JENSEN J B.Entry,expansion,and intensity in the US export boom,1987-1992[J].Review of international economics,2004,12(4):662-675.
[25]张豪,何宇,张建华.中国地区经济增长的动力来源与特征:基于全要素生产率溢出的视角[J].中国科技论坛,2017(6):115-122.
[26]HALL R E,JONES C I.Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others[J].NBER working papers,1999,114(1):83-116.
[27]戴翔.中国企业“走出去”的生产率悖论及其解释---基于行业面板数据的实证分析[J].南开经济研究,2013(2):44-59.
[28]刘志彪,张杰.我国本土制造业企业出口决定因素的实证分析[J].经济研究,2009,44(8):99-112+159.
[2]BERNARD A B,EATON J,JENSEN J B,et al.Plants and productivity in international trade[J].American economic review,2003,93(4):1268-1290.
[3]GIRMA S,GREENAWAY D,KNELLER R.Does exporting increase productivity?A microeconometric analysis of matched firms[J].Review of international economics,2004,12(5):855-866.
[4]HELPMAN E,MELITZ M J,YEAPLE S R.Export versus FDI with heterogeneous firms[J].Scholarly articles,2004,94(1):300-316.
[5]AW B Y,ROBERTS M J,WINSTON T.Export market participation,investments in R&D and worker training,and the evolution of firm productivity[J].World economy,2007,30(1):83-104.
[6]KASAHARA H,LAPHAM B.Productivity and the decision to import and export:theory and evidence[J].Journal of international economics,2013,89(2):297-316.
[7]BERNARD A B,JENSEN J B.Exporting and productivity in the USA[J].Oxford review of economic policy,2004,20(3):343-357.
[8]AW B Y,ROBERTS M J.Productivity and turnover in the export market:micro evidence from Taiwan and South Korea[J].The world bank economic review,2000,14:65-90.
[9]唐宜红,林发勤.异质性企业贸易模型对中国企业出口的适用性检验[J].南开经济研究,2009(6):88-99.
[10]钱学锋,王菊蓉,黄云湖,等.出口与中国工业企业的生产率---自我选择效应还是出口学习效应[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2011,28(2):37-51.
[11]易靖韬.企业异质性、市场进入成本、技术溢出效应与出口参与决定[J].经济研究,2009,44(9):106-115.
[12]马林梅,张群群.中国企业规模异质性与间接出口模式---基于2013年世界银行数据的实证研究[J].国际贸易问题,2014(7):133-143.
[13]汤二子,刘海洋.中国出口企业“生产率悖论”存在性检验---来自2005-2008年中国制造业企业的证据[J].国际经贸探索,2011,27(11):39-47.
[14]李建萍,张乃丽.比较优势、异质性企业与出口“生产率悖论”---基于对中国制造业上市企业的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(6):3-13.
[15]李春顶.中国出口企业是否存在“生产率悖论”:基于中国制造业企业数据的检验[J].世界经济,2010,33(7):64-81.
[16]戴觅,余淼杰,MAITRA Madhura.中国出口企业生产率之谜:加工贸易的作用[J].经济学(季刊),2014,13(2):675-698.
[17]盛丹.地区行政垄断与我国企业出口的“生产率悖论”[J].产业经济研究,2013(4):70-80.
[18]曹驰.中国制造业企业“出口自我选择效应”再研究---基于新新贸易理论的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2015(12):108-121.
[19]BERNARD A B,JENSEN J B,REDDING S J,et al.Wholesalers and retailers in US trade[J].Social science electronic publishing,2010,100(2):408-413.
[20]AHN J B,KHANDELWAL A K,WEI S J.The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade[J].Journal of international economics,2011,84(1):73-85.
[21]LU J Y,LU Y,SUN Y,et al.Intermediaries,firm heterogeneity and exporting behaviour[J].World economy,2016,40(7).
[22]茹玉骢,李燕.电子商务、贸易中介与企业出口方式选择[J].浙江学刊,2014(6):177-184.
[23]毛毅.企业间接出口方式选择的影响因素研究---基于中国微观企业的实证分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(12):48-56.
[24]BERNARD A B,JENSEN J B.Entry,expansion,and intensity in the US export boom,1987-1992[J].Review of international economics,2004,12(4):662-675.
[25]张豪,何宇,张建华.中国地区经济增长的动力来源与特征:基于全要素生产率溢出的视角[J].中国科技论坛,2017(6):115-122.
[26]HALL R E,JONES C I.Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others[J].NBER working papers,1999,114(1):83-116.
[27]戴翔.中国企业“走出去”的生产率悖论及其解释---基于行业面板数据的实证分析[J].南开经济研究,2013(2):44-59.
[28]刘志彪,张杰.我国本土制造业企业出口决定因素的实证分析[J].经济研究,2009,44(8):99-112+159.