认知分心时驾驶人应激反应特征分析
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摘要
为预防由认知分心影响驾驶人应激反应能力引发的交通事故,开展试验,在驾驶模拟器平台上模拟城市、乡镇、山区和高速公路等应激场景,测试有无分心任务2种条件下驾驶人的应激反应,采集驾驶人操作数据和车辆行驶数据,并利用Facelab5型眼动仪记录驾驶人眼动数据;选取相关表征指标并分析试验数据。结果表明:相比于正常驾驶,认知分心驾驶导致驾驶人视觉搜索范围变窄;无论正常驾驶还是认知分心驾驶,扫视行为均以中、低幅度为主;认知分心导致驾驶人对加速踏板的控制能力减弱;与正常驾驶相比,认知分心时驾驶人的应激反应时间明显增加。
For the sake of preventing traffic accidents cognitive distraction may caused experimental trials were carried out to test the drivers ' stress response under the two conditions: normal and cognitive distraction driving conditions. A driving simulator platform was used to simulate various stress scenarios such as city,town,mountainous area and highway,and collect driver operating data and vehicle driving data. A Facelab5 eye tracker was used to record the driver ' s eye movement data. The related characterization indicators were selected. And the experimental data was analyzed. The results show that compared with normal driving,cognitive distraction driving leads to a narrower visual search range for drivers. For both normal driving and cognitive distracting driving,the scanning scope is mainly medium and low. Cognitive distraction weakens the driver ' s ability to control the accelerator pedal. Compared to normal driving,cognition distraction increases significantly the driver's stress response time.
For the sake of preventing traffic accidents cognitive distraction may caused experimental trials were carried out to test the drivers ' stress response under the two conditions: normal and cognitive distraction driving conditions. A driving simulator platform was used to simulate various stress scenarios such as city,town,mountainous area and highway,and collect driver operating data and vehicle driving data. A Facelab5 eye tracker was used to record the driver ' s eye movement data. The related characterization indicators were selected. And the experimental data was analyzed. The results show that compared with normal driving,cognitive distraction driving leads to a narrower visual search range for drivers. For both normal driving and cognitive distracting driving,the scanning scope is mainly medium and low. Cognitive distraction weakens the driver ' s ability to control the accelerator pedal. Compared to normal driving,cognition distraction increases significantly the driver's stress response time.
引文
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[2]KLAUER S G,DINGUS T A,NEALE V L,et al.The impact of driver inattention on near-crash/crash risk:an analysis using the 100-car naturalistic driving study data[R].National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,2006.
[3]LIANG Yulan,REYES M L,LEE J D.Real-time detection of driver cognitive distraction using support vector machines[J].Intelligent Transportation System,IEEE Transactions on,2007,8(2):340-350.
[4]STRAYER D L,TURRILL J,COLEMAN J R,et al.Measuring cognitive distraction in the automobile II:assessing invehicle voice-based interactive technologies[J].Drivers,2014(1):1-43.
[5]HARBLUK J L,NOY Y I,TRBOVICH P L,et al.An on-road assessment of cognitive distraction:impacts on drivers'visual behavior and braking performance[J].Accident Analysis and Prevention,2007,39(2):372-379.
[6]张展宏.基于模拟器的驾驶员应急状态下刹车反应时间的研究[J].华北科技学院学报,2009,6(3):27-30.ZHANG Zhanhong.Study on the driver critical reaction time in a braking response upon driver simulator[J].Journal of North China Institute of Science and Technology,2009,6(3):27-30.
[7]马勇,付锐.驾驶人视觉特性与行车安全研究进展[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(6):82-94.MA Yong,FU Rui.Research and development of drivers visual behavior and driving safety[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2015,28(6):82-94.
[8]马勇,付锐,袁钰,等.基于驾驶人分心影响程度的驾驶分心任务评级[J].交通信息与安全,2014,32(5):47-51,57.MA Yong,FU Rui,YUAN Yu,et al.Rating driving distraction tasks based on distraction impact on drivers[J].Journal of Transport Information and Safety,2014,32(5):47-51,57.
[9]肖遥.分心行为对交通安全和交通效率的影响分析与建模[D].北京:清华大学,2016.XIAO Yao.Analyzing and modeling of the influence of driving distraction on traffic safety and traffic efficiency[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2016.
[10]孟妮.不同道路交通环境中驾驶员注视行为分析[D].西安:长安大学,2009.MENG Ni.The analysis on driver's fixation processin different traffic environment road[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2009.
[11]咸化彩.次任务驾驶安全性评价指标及评价模型研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.XIAN Huacai.Research on evaluation indexes system and evaluation model for secondary task driving[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.
[12]李宏汀,徐伟丹,葛列众,等.影响驾驶安全的驾驶员注意模式研究述评[J].心理科学进展,2010,18(9):1 413-1 419.LI Hongting,XU Weidan,GE Liezhong,et al.Review of research on the visual attention model of driver[J].Advances in Psychological Science,2010,18(9):1 413-1 419.
[13]刘强,陆化普,张永波,等.我国道路交通事故特征分析与对策研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2006,16(6):123-128.LIU Qiang,LU Huapu,ZHANG Yongbo,et al.Characteristic analysis and countermeasure study on road traffic accidents in China[]J].China Safety Science Journal,2006,16(6):123-128.
[14]于鹏程.城市道路环境下驾驶人应激响应时间特性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2012.YU Pengcheng.Research on the time characteristics of drivers'stress response under the urban road environment[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2012.