应用NASA MERRA再分析资料对一次高原切变线的诊断分析
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摘要
利用2016年6月29—30日地面及高空常规观测资料、CMORPH融合降水资料以及时空分辨率较高的NASA MERRA 0.625°×0.5°逐3 h再分析资料,对一次高原切变线过程进行了天气动力学诊断分析。运用广义位温、广义湿位涡和涡生参数等诊断量对切变线系统的生成及其降水分布进行分析。结果显示:广义位温等值线梯度大值区与大气水汽的聚集区相对应。切变线降水的发生、发展与广义湿位涡的分布及演变有较好的对应关系,低层大气广义湿位涡的正异常大值对降水发生有一定关联。广义湿位涡正负异常值之间的零线可较好表征高原切变线的位置。广义湿位涡中心强度对切变线生成与发展有一定指示意义。涡生参数可作为高原切变线生成和加强的一个明显前兆信号。
By using the conventional ground and high-altitude observations,the CMORPH blended precipitation and the high-resolution NASA MERRA reanalysis datasets( with spatial resolution of 0. 625° ×0. 5° and temporal resolution of three hours),the synoptic-dynamic diagnosis were performed on the process of plateau shear line during 29—30 June 2016. The formation of the shear line and the related precipitation were analyzed by multi-physical quantities involve the generalized potential temperature,the generalized moist potential vorticity and the vortex generation parameter,etc. Results indicate that the great value area of generalized potential temperature gradient is coincident with the region where water vapor accumulated. The formation and development of shear line precipitation is connected with the distribution and evolution of generalized moist potential vorticity, and positive low-level generalized moist potential vorticity anomaly always accompanies the occurrence of precipitation. In addition,there is a close spatial relationship between the zero line of generalized moist potential vorticity and the plateau shear line,and the intensity of the generalized moist potential vorticity center may indicate the development of shear line. Moreover,the vortex generation parameter can be regarded as a significant precursorysignal for the building and strength of the plateau shear line.
By using the conventional ground and high-altitude observations,the CMORPH blended precipitation and the high-resolution NASA MERRA reanalysis datasets( with spatial resolution of 0. 625° ×0. 5° and temporal resolution of three hours),the synoptic-dynamic diagnosis were performed on the process of plateau shear line during 29—30 June 2016. The formation of the shear line and the related precipitation were analyzed by multi-physical quantities involve the generalized potential temperature,the generalized moist potential vorticity and the vortex generation parameter,etc. Results indicate that the great value area of generalized potential temperature gradient is coincident with the region where water vapor accumulated. The formation and development of shear line precipitation is connected with the distribution and evolution of generalized moist potential vorticity, and positive low-level generalized moist potential vorticity anomaly always accompanies the occurrence of precipitation. In addition,there is a close spatial relationship between the zero line of generalized moist potential vorticity and the plateau shear line,and the intensity of the generalized moist potential vorticity center may indicate the development of shear line. Moreover,the vortex generation parameter can be regarded as a significant precursorysignal for the building and strength of the plateau shear line.
引文
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[11]GAO Shouting,WANG Xingrong,ZHOU Yushu.Generation of generalized moist potential vorticity in a frictionless and moist adiabatic flow.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(12):L12113.
[12]周玉淑,朱科锋.湿大气的广义位温与干大气位温及饱和湿大气相当位温的比较.气象学报,2010,68(5):612-616.ZHOU Yushu,ZHU Kefeng.Comparisons between the generalized potential temperature in the moist atmosphere and the potentiai temperature in the dry atmosphere and the equivalent potential temperature in the saturated moist atmosphere.Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,68(5):612-616.
[13]高守亭,崔春光.广义湿位涡理论及其应用研究.暴雨灾害,2007,26(1):3-8.GAO Shouting,CUI Chunguang.The theory of generalized moist potential vorticity and its applicative study.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2007,26(1):3-8.
[14]周玉淑,曹洁,王东海.非均匀饱和广义湿位涡在暴雨分析与预测中的应用.应用气象学报,2007,18(6):754-759.ZHOU Yushu,CAO Jie,WANG Donghai.Application of generalized moist potential vorticity in non-uniformly saturated atmosphere to torrential rain forecast.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2007,18(6):754-759.
[15]段廷扬,邓国,王东海.广义湿位涡与暴雨落区预报的诊断分析.大气科学,2007,31(6):1301-1307.DUAN Tingyang,DENG Guo,WANG Donghai.Diagnostic analysis of generalized moist potential vorticity and forecast of torrential rain region.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2007,31(6):1301-1307.
[16]曹洁,高守亭.非均匀饱和大气中的广义位温.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1651-1656.CAO Jie,GAO Shouting.Generalized potential temperature in non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1651-1656.
[17]Rasmussen E N,Wilhelmson R B.Relationships between storm characteristics and 1200 GMT hodographs,low level shear,and stability//Preprints,13th Conference on Severe Local Storms.Tulsa,OK:American Meteorological Society,1983:J5-J8.
[18]Rasmussen E N,Blanchard D O.A baseline climatology of sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters.Wea.Forecasting,1998,13(4):1148-1164.
[19]程麟生.“81.8”持续暴雨期中-α尺度低涡发展的涡度变率及其热源.高原气象,1991,10(4):337-350.CHENG Linsheng.The vorticity change-rate and its heat source for development of MESO-αscale vortex during a persistent heavy rain of 14-22 august 1981.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1991,10(4):337-350.
[20]Blanchard D O,Klimowski B A.Supercell evolution in environments with unusual hodographs//Preprints,22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms.Hyannis:American Meteorological Society,2004:12.1
[21]Guyer J L.Environment characteristics associated with tornado events near closed cold core 500 mb lows//Preprints,23rd Conference on Severe Local Storms.St.Louis:American Meteorological Society,2006:1.1
[22]Nayak H P,Mandal M.Analysis of stability parameters in relation to precipitation associated with pre-monsoon thunderstorms over Kolkata,India.J.Earth Syst.Sci.,2014,123(4):689-703.
[23]林毅,刘铭,刘爱鸣.高低空急流在闽西北大暴雨过程中的作用及数值模拟.气象科学,2006,26(4):449-455.LIN Yi,LIU Ming,LIU Aiming.Numreical study and Action of high and low level jet stream in 2002.6'torrential rainstorm of northwest Fujian.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,26(4):449-455.
[24]徐国昌.500毫巴高原切变线的天气气候特征.高原气象,1984,3(1):36-41.XU Guochang.The climatologically synoptic characteristics of the shear line on the 500 mb surface over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1984,3(1):36-41.
[25]周玉淑.广义湿位涡在江淮流域暴雨分析和预报中的应用.大气科学,2009,33(5):1101-1110.ZHOU Yushu.Application of generalized moist potential vorticity to analysis and forecast of the torrential rain over the ChangjiangHuaihe River basin.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2009,33(5):1101-1110.
[2]乔全明,谭海清.夏季青藏高原500毫巴切变线的结构与大尺度环流.高原气象,1984,3(3):50-57.QIAO Quanming,TAN Haiqing.The structure of 500 mb shear line and large scale circulation over Qingzang Plateau in summer.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1984,3(3):50-57.
[3]青藏高原气象科学研究拉萨会战组.夏半年青藏高原500 h Pa低涡切变线的研究.北京:科学出版社,1981:1-122.Lhasa Group for Tibetan Plateau Meteorology Research.Research of 500 h Pa shear lines over the Tibetan Plateau in summer.Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese),1981:1-122.
[4]郁淑华,高文良,彭骏.近13 a青藏高原切变线活动及其对中国降水影响的若干统计.高原气象,2013,32(6):1527-1537.YU Shuhua,GAO Wenliang,PENG Jun.Statistical analysis of shearline activity in QXP and its influence on rainfall in China in recent 13 years.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2013,32(6):1527-1537.
[5]郁淑华,何光碧,滕家谟.青藏高原切变线对四川盆地西部突发性暴雨影响的数值试验.高原气象,1997,16(3):306-311.YU Shuhua,HE Guangbi,TENG Jiamo.The numerical experiments of influence of shear line over Qinhai-Xizang Plateau on a sharp heavy rain in West Sichuan Basin.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1997,16(3):306-311.
[6]郁淑华.长江上游暴雨对1998年长江洪峰影响的分析.气象,2000,26(1):56-57.YU Shuhua.An analysis of impact of the heavy rain in upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the flood peak of the river in 1998.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),2000,26(1):56-57.
[7]何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮.2000—2007年夏季青藏高原低涡切变线观测事实分析.高原气象,2009,28(3):549-555.HE Guangbi,GAO Wenliang,TU Nini.The observational analysis of shear line and low vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from 2000 to 2007.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2009,28(3):549-555.
[8]何光碧,师锐.夏季青藏高原不同类型切变线的动力、热力特征分析.高原气象,2011,30(3):568-575.HE Guangbi,Shi Rui.Studies on dynamic and thermal characteristics of different shear lines over Tibetan Plateau in summer.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),2011,30(3):568-575.
[9]四川乐山地区气象局.高原切变和乐山地区的降水.气象,1976,2(8):10-11.Leshan Meteorological Bureau.Plateau shear and the precipitation in Leshan area.Meteorological Monthly(in Chinese),1976,2(8):10-11.
[10]郁淑华,骆红.青藏高原上低槽与切变线动能收支的个例分析.高原气象,1993,12(3):251-256.YU Shuhua,LUO Hong.The contrast analysis of kinetic energy budget for developing trough and shear line over the QinghaiXizang Plateau.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1993,12(3):251-256.
[11]GAO Shouting,WANG Xingrong,ZHOU Yushu.Generation of generalized moist potential vorticity in a frictionless and moist adiabatic flow.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31(12):L12113.
[12]周玉淑,朱科锋.湿大气的广义位温与干大气位温及饱和湿大气相当位温的比较.气象学报,2010,68(5):612-616.ZHOU Yushu,ZHU Kefeng.Comparisons between the generalized potential temperature in the moist atmosphere and the potentiai temperature in the dry atmosphere and the equivalent potential temperature in the saturated moist atmosphere.Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2010,68(5):612-616.
[13]高守亭,崔春光.广义湿位涡理论及其应用研究.暴雨灾害,2007,26(1):3-8.GAO Shouting,CUI Chunguang.The theory of generalized moist potential vorticity and its applicative study.Torrential Rain and Disasters(in Chinese),2007,26(1):3-8.
[14]周玉淑,曹洁,王东海.非均匀饱和广义湿位涡在暴雨分析与预测中的应用.应用气象学报,2007,18(6):754-759.ZHOU Yushu,CAO Jie,WANG Donghai.Application of generalized moist potential vorticity in non-uniformly saturated atmosphere to torrential rain forecast.Journal of Applied Meteorological Science(in Chinese),2007,18(6):754-759.
[15]段廷扬,邓国,王东海.广义湿位涡与暴雨落区预报的诊断分析.大气科学,2007,31(6):1301-1307.DUAN Tingyang,DENG Guo,WANG Donghai.Diagnostic analysis of generalized moist potential vorticity and forecast of torrential rain region.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2007,31(6):1301-1307.
[16]曹洁,高守亭.非均匀饱和大气中的广义位温.地球物理学报,2008,51(6):1651-1656.CAO Jie,GAO Shouting.Generalized potential temperature in non-uniformly saturated atmosphere.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,51(6):1651-1656.
[17]Rasmussen E N,Wilhelmson R B.Relationships between storm characteristics and 1200 GMT hodographs,low level shear,and stability//Preprints,13th Conference on Severe Local Storms.Tulsa,OK:American Meteorological Society,1983:J5-J8.
[18]Rasmussen E N,Blanchard D O.A baseline climatology of sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters.Wea.Forecasting,1998,13(4):1148-1164.
[19]程麟生.“81.8”持续暴雨期中-α尺度低涡发展的涡度变率及其热源.高原气象,1991,10(4):337-350.CHENG Linsheng.The vorticity change-rate and its heat source for development of MESO-αscale vortex during a persistent heavy rain of 14-22 august 1981.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1991,10(4):337-350.
[20]Blanchard D O,Klimowski B A.Supercell evolution in environments with unusual hodographs//Preprints,22nd Conference on Severe Local Storms.Hyannis:American Meteorological Society,2004:12.1
[21]Guyer J L.Environment characteristics associated with tornado events near closed cold core 500 mb lows//Preprints,23rd Conference on Severe Local Storms.St.Louis:American Meteorological Society,2006:1.1
[22]Nayak H P,Mandal M.Analysis of stability parameters in relation to precipitation associated with pre-monsoon thunderstorms over Kolkata,India.J.Earth Syst.Sci.,2014,123(4):689-703.
[23]林毅,刘铭,刘爱鸣.高低空急流在闽西北大暴雨过程中的作用及数值模拟.气象科学,2006,26(4):449-455.LIN Yi,LIU Ming,LIU Aiming.Numreical study and Action of high and low level jet stream in 2002.6'torrential rainstorm of northwest Fujian.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),2006,26(4):449-455.
[24]徐国昌.500毫巴高原切变线的天气气候特征.高原气象,1984,3(1):36-41.XU Guochang.The climatologically synoptic characteristics of the shear line on the 500 mb surface over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Plateau Meteorology(in Chinese),1984,3(1):36-41.
[25]周玉淑.广义湿位涡在江淮流域暴雨分析和预报中的应用.大气科学,2009,33(5):1101-1110.ZHOU Yushu.Application of generalized moist potential vorticity to analysis and forecast of the torrential rain over the ChangjiangHuaihe River basin.Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),2009,33(5):1101-1110.