高原涡与高原切变线伴随出现的统计特征
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摘要
高原涡、高原切变线是影响高原地区最主要的天气系统。利用2005-2016年NCEP/CFSR高分辨率再分析资料,采用客观识别方法,统计分析了高原涡、高原切变线伴随发生的数量、生成的先后顺序和源地等。结果表明,近12年来,客观识别的高原涡年平均生成45个,高原切变线年均生成48条,30%左右的高原涡与高原切变线伴随出现,相伴出现的现象在整个高原均有发生。两者伴随出现时,高原切变线往往先于高原涡生成;当高原涡伴随高原切变线出现时,高原切变线的维持时间较长;而无论是否有高原切变线伴随,高原涡的维持时间基本保持不变。
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vortex(QTPV) and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Shear Line(QTPSL) as the main weather system affect the plateau region.Using NCEP/CFSR high resolution reanalysis data from 2005 to 2016 to objectively identify QTPV and QTPSL,statistics both concurrent number,generated sequence,and source and so on.The results are as follows: the objective identification QTPV were 45 at an average annual rate in the last 12 years,the QTPSL were 48 at an average annual rate,about 30% QTPV and QTPSL occurred concurrently.The phenomenon of QTPV and QTPSL appears in the whole plateau.When the two appear together,QTPSL usually takes place before the QTPV.When QTPV appears,QTPSL will maintain for a long time,and whether there is QTPSL,QTPV's holding time remain unchanged.
Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vortex(QTPV) and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Shear Line(QTPSL) as the main weather system affect the plateau region.Using NCEP/CFSR high resolution reanalysis data from 2005 to 2016 to objectively identify QTPV and QTPSL,statistics both concurrent number,generated sequence,and source and so on.The results are as follows: the objective identification QTPV were 45 at an average annual rate in the last 12 years,the QTPSL were 48 at an average annual rate,about 30% QTPV and QTPSL occurred concurrently.The phenomenon of QTPV and QTPSL appears in the whole plateau.When the two appear together,QTPSL usually takes place before the QTPV.When QTPV appears,QTPSL will maintain for a long time,and whether there is QTPSL,QTPV's holding time remain unchanged.
引文
Chen L S,Luo Z X,2003.A preliminary study of the dynamics of the dynamics of eastw ard shifting cyclonic vortices[J].Adv Atmos Sci,20(3):323-332.
Lin Z Q,2015.Analysis of Tibetan Plateau vortex activities using ERA-Interim data for the period 1979-2013[J].J Meteor Res,29,720-734.
Yu S H,Gao W L,Peng J,et al,2014.Observational facts of sustained departure plateau vortexes[J].J Metror Res,28(2):296-307.
Zhang X,Yao X P,Ma J L,et al,2016.Climatology of transverse shear lines related to heavy rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer[J].J Meteor Res,30(6),915-926.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮,2009.2000-2007年夏季青藏高原低涡切变线观测事实分析[J].高原气象,28(3):549-555.He G B,Gao W L,Tu N N,2009.The observational analysis of shear line and low vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from 2000 to2007[J].Plateau Meteor,28(3):549-555.
何光碧,师锐,2014.三次高原切变线过程演变特征及其对降水的影响[J].高原气象,33(3):615-625.He G B,Shi R,2014.A-nalysis on evolution characteristics of three plateau shear lines and their effect on precipitation[J].Plateau Meteor,33(3):615-625.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.0023.
李国平,2007.青藏高原动力气象学(第二版)[M].北京:气象出版社,1-271.Li G P,2007.Dynamic meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau,(the second edition)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1-271.
李国平,2016a.低涡降水学[M].北京:气象出版社,1-3.Li G P,2016a.Precipitation science of the vortex[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1-3.
李国平,卢会国,黄楚惠,等,2016b.青藏高原夏季地面热源的气候特征及其对高原低涡生成的影响[J].大气科学,40(1):131-141.Li G P,Lu H G,Huang C H,et al,2006b.A climatology of the surface heat source on the Tibetan Plateau in summer and its impacts on the formation of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(1):131-141.
李山山,李国平,2017a.一次鞍型场环流背景下高原东部切变线降水的湿Q矢量诊断分析[J].高原气象,36(2):317-329.Li SS,Li G P,2017a.Diagnostic analysis based on w et Q-vector of a shear line w ith rain on the east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under the saddle pattern circulation background field[J].Plateau Meteor,36(2):317-329.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00025.
李山山,李国平,2017b.一次高原低涡与高原切变线演变过程与机理分析[J].大气科学,41(4):713-726.Li S S,Li G P,2017b.The evolution process and mechanism analysis of a Plateau Vortex and Plateau Shear Line[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,41(4):713-726.
林厚博,游庆龙,焦洋,等,2016.青藏高原及附近水汽输送对其夏季降水影响的分析[J].高原气象,35(2):309-317.Lin H B,You Q L,Jiao Y,et al,2016.Water vapor transportation and its influences on precipitation in summer over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surroudings[J].Plateau Meteor,35(2):309-317.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00146.
罗雄,李国平,2018.一次高原切变线过程的数值模拟与阶段性结构特征[J].高原气象,37(2):406-419.Luo X,Li G P,2018.Numerical simulation and stage structure characteristics of a plateau shear line process[J].Plateau Meteor,37(2):406-419.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00046.
马林,张青梅,赵春宁,2003.青藏高原东部牧区春季雪灾天气的形成及其预报[J].自然灾害学报,12(3):61-68.Ma L,Zhang Q M,Zhao C N,2003.Formation and forecast of spring snow-disaster w eather in the eastern pasture-area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,12(3):61-68.
彭广,李跃清,郁淑华,等,2006-2016.青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴(2005-2015)[M].北京:科学出版社.Peng G,Li Y Q,Yu SH,et al,2006-2016.Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Shear Line Yearbook(2005-2015)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press.
青藏高原气象科学研究拉萨会战组,1981.夏半年青藏高原500毫巴低涡切变线的研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1-122.Lhasa Group of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology Research,1981.Research of 500mb Vortex and Shear Lines over the Tibetan Plateau in summer[M].Beijing:Science Press,1-122.
师锐,何光碧,2011.移出与未移出高原的高原切变线大尺度条件分析[J].高原气象,30(6):1453-1461.Shi R,He G B,2011.Contrast analysis on background circulation of Plateau Shear Line moving out and not moving out of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,30(6):1453-1461.
屠妮妮,何光碧,2010.两次高原切变线诱发低涡活动的个例分析[J].高原气象,29(1):90-98.Tu N N,He G B,2010.Case analysis on tw o low vortexes induced by Tibetan Plateau Shear Line[J].Plateau Meteor,29(1):90-98.
杨成芳,阎丽凤,周雪松,2012.利用加密探测资料分析冷式切变线类大暴雨的动力结构[J].气象,38(7):819-827.Yang C F,Yan L F,Zhou X S,2012.Analysis on dynamic structure of cold w ind shear heavy rainstorm by intensified observational data[J].Meteor Mon,38(7):819-827.
杨克明,毕宝贵,李月安,等,2001.1998年长江上游致洪暴雨的分析研究[J].气象,27(8):9-14.Yang K M,Bi B G,Li Y A,et al,2001.On flood-causing torrential rainfall in the upstream district of Changjiang river in 1998[J].Meteor Mon,27(8):9-14.
姚秀萍,孙建元,康岚,等,2014.高原切变线研究的若干进展[J].高原气象,33(1):294-300.Yao X P,Sun J Y,Kang L,et al,2014.Advances on research of shear convergence line over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,33(1):294-300.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00164.
叶笃正,高由禧,等,1979.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社,122-126.Ye D Z,Gao Y X,et al,1979.The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,122-126.
郁淑华,2000.长江上游暴雨对1998年长江洪峰影响的分析[J].气象,26(1):56-57.Yu S H,2000.An analysis of impact of the heavy rain in upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the Flood Peak of the River in 1998[J].Meteor Mon,26(1):56-57.
张博,李国平,2017.基于CFSR资料的高原低涡客观识别技术及其应用[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学出版社),53(1):106-111Zhang B,Li G P,2017.An objective identification of the Tibetan Plateau vortex based on climate forecast system reanalysis data[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),53(1):106-111.
Lin Z Q,2015.Analysis of Tibetan Plateau vortex activities using ERA-Interim data for the period 1979-2013[J].J Meteor Res,29,720-734.
Yu S H,Gao W L,Peng J,et al,2014.Observational facts of sustained departure plateau vortexes[J].J Metror Res,28(2):296-307.
Zhang X,Yao X P,Ma J L,et al,2016.Climatology of transverse shear lines related to heavy rainfall over the Tibetan Plateau during boreal summer[J].J Meteor Res,30(6),915-926.
何光碧,高文良,屠妮妮,2009.2000-2007年夏季青藏高原低涡切变线观测事实分析[J].高原气象,28(3):549-555.He G B,Gao W L,Tu N N,2009.The observational analysis of shear line and low vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in summer from 2000 to2007[J].Plateau Meteor,28(3):549-555.
何光碧,师锐,2014.三次高原切变线过程演变特征及其对降水的影响[J].高原气象,33(3):615-625.He G B,Shi R,2014.A-nalysis on evolution characteristics of three plateau shear lines and their effect on precipitation[J].Plateau Meteor,33(3):615-625.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.0023.
李国平,2007.青藏高原动力气象学(第二版)[M].北京:气象出版社,1-271.Li G P,2007.Dynamic meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau,(the second edition)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1-271.
李国平,2016a.低涡降水学[M].北京:气象出版社,1-3.Li G P,2016a.Precipitation science of the vortex[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1-3.
李国平,卢会国,黄楚惠,等,2016b.青藏高原夏季地面热源的气候特征及其对高原低涡生成的影响[J].大气科学,40(1):131-141.Li G P,Lu H G,Huang C H,et al,2006b.A climatology of the surface heat source on the Tibetan Plateau in summer and its impacts on the formation of the Tibetan Plateau Vortex[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,40(1):131-141.
李山山,李国平,2017a.一次鞍型场环流背景下高原东部切变线降水的湿Q矢量诊断分析[J].高原气象,36(2):317-329.Li SS,Li G P,2017a.Diagnostic analysis based on w et Q-vector of a shear line w ith rain on the east side of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under the saddle pattern circulation background field[J].Plateau Meteor,36(2):317-329.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2016.00025.
李山山,李国平,2017b.一次高原低涡与高原切变线演变过程与机理分析[J].大气科学,41(4):713-726.Li S S,Li G P,2017b.The evolution process and mechanism analysis of a Plateau Vortex and Plateau Shear Line[J].Chinese J Atmos Sci,41(4):713-726.
林厚博,游庆龙,焦洋,等,2016.青藏高原及附近水汽输送对其夏季降水影响的分析[J].高原气象,35(2):309-317.Lin H B,You Q L,Jiao Y,et al,2016.Water vapor transportation and its influences on precipitation in summer over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surroudings[J].Plateau Meteor,35(2):309-317.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2014.00146.
罗雄,李国平,2018.一次高原切变线过程的数值模拟与阶段性结构特征[J].高原气象,37(2):406-419.Luo X,Li G P,2018.Numerical simulation and stage structure characteristics of a plateau shear line process[J].Plateau Meteor,37(2):406-419.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2017.00046.
马林,张青梅,赵春宁,2003.青藏高原东部牧区春季雪灾天气的形成及其预报[J].自然灾害学报,12(3):61-68.Ma L,Zhang Q M,Zhao C N,2003.Formation and forecast of spring snow-disaster w eather in the eastern pasture-area of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,12(3):61-68.
彭广,李跃清,郁淑华,等,2006-2016.青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴(2005-2015)[M].北京:科学出版社.Peng G,Li Y Q,Yu SH,et al,2006-2016.Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Shear Line Yearbook(2005-2015)[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press.
青藏高原气象科学研究拉萨会战组,1981.夏半年青藏高原500毫巴低涡切变线的研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1-122.Lhasa Group of Tibetan Plateau Meteorology Research,1981.Research of 500mb Vortex and Shear Lines over the Tibetan Plateau in summer[M].Beijing:Science Press,1-122.
师锐,何光碧,2011.移出与未移出高原的高原切变线大尺度条件分析[J].高原气象,30(6):1453-1461.Shi R,He G B,2011.Contrast analysis on background circulation of Plateau Shear Line moving out and not moving out of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,30(6):1453-1461.
屠妮妮,何光碧,2010.两次高原切变线诱发低涡活动的个例分析[J].高原气象,29(1):90-98.Tu N N,He G B,2010.Case analysis on tw o low vortexes induced by Tibetan Plateau Shear Line[J].Plateau Meteor,29(1):90-98.
杨成芳,阎丽凤,周雪松,2012.利用加密探测资料分析冷式切变线类大暴雨的动力结构[J].气象,38(7):819-827.Yang C F,Yan L F,Zhou X S,2012.Analysis on dynamic structure of cold w ind shear heavy rainstorm by intensified observational data[J].Meteor Mon,38(7):819-827.
杨克明,毕宝贵,李月安,等,2001.1998年长江上游致洪暴雨的分析研究[J].气象,27(8):9-14.Yang K M,Bi B G,Li Y A,et al,2001.On flood-causing torrential rainfall in the upstream district of Changjiang river in 1998[J].Meteor Mon,27(8):9-14.
姚秀萍,孙建元,康岚,等,2014.高原切变线研究的若干进展[J].高原气象,33(1):294-300.Yao X P,Sun J Y,Kang L,et al,2014.Advances on research of shear convergence line over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau Meteor,33(1):294-300.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00164.
叶笃正,高由禧,等,1979.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社,122-126.Ye D Z,Gao Y X,et al,1979.The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,122-126.
郁淑华,2000.长江上游暴雨对1998年长江洪峰影响的分析[J].气象,26(1):56-57.Yu S H,2000.An analysis of impact of the heavy rain in upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the Flood Peak of the River in 1998[J].Meteor Mon,26(1):56-57.
张博,李国平,2017.基于CFSR资料的高原低涡客观识别技术及其应用[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学出版社),53(1):106-111Zhang B,Li G P,2017.An objective identification of the Tibetan Plateau vortex based on climate forecast system reanalysis data[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),53(1):106-111.