拉萨地区不同春箭筈豌豆轮作模式的生产力评价
|
摘要
在青藏高原拉萨地区,通过连续两年大田试验研究了不同春箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)轮作系统的干物质产量、土壤肥力和经济收入。研究采用的5个轮作处理分别为休闲–冬青稞(Hordeum vulgare)–休闲(F–H–F),油菜(Brassica napus)–冬青稞–油菜(R–H–R),箭筈豌豆–冬青稞–箭筈豌豆(V–H–V),箭筈豌豆–冬青稞–油菜(V–H–R)和油菜–箭筈豌豆–油菜(R–V–R)。结果表明V–H–R和R–H–R产量最高,分别达27.24和26.89 t·hm~(–2)。各轮作系统间总粗蛋白质产量存在显著差异(P <0.05),R–H–R系统最高,达3.68 t·hm~(–2)。加入兰箭1号的V–H–V和V–H–R系统,其平均土壤全氮含量均高于F–H–F和R–H–R系统,分别提高了134.9%、19.6%和115.6%、9.8%,各轮作系统间土壤有机碳含量差异不显著(P> 0.05)。各轮作系统经济产值,以V–H–V和V–H–R最高,分别达44 284和41 444 CNY·hm~(–2)。因此,春箭筈豌豆为缓解青藏高原畜牧业饲草料短缺时的优良饲草,有巨大的应用潜力。
The dry matter yield, soil fertility, and economic output of different rotation systems of common vetch(Vicia sativa) were studied under field conditions in the Tibetan Plateau in the Lhasa region for two consecutive years. The treatments used in this study were fallow – Hordeum vulgare – fallow(F–H–F), rape(Brassica napus) – Hordeum vulgare –rape(R–H–R), common vetch – Hordeum vulgare – common vetch(V–H–V), common vetch – Hordeum vulgare – rape(V–H–R), and rape – common vetch – rape(R–V–R). The results showed that the highest yields were observed with V–H–R and R –H –R(27.24 and 26.89 t·ha~(–1), respectively). There was a significant difference in total crude protein production between the rotation systems(P < 0.05), and the R–H–R system had the highest, at 3.68 t·ha~(–1). The V–H–V and V–H–R systems with Lanjian No. 1 had higher average soil total N content than that of the F–H–F and R–H–R systems, which increased by 134.9%, 19.6%, 115.6%, and 9.8%, respectively. The differences in soil organic carbon content among the rotation systems were not significant. The systems with the highest economic output values were V–H–V and V–H–R, at44 284 and 41 444 CNY·ha~(–1), respectively. Therefore, spring common vetch provides excellent forage for relieving forage shortage in livestock husbandry of the Tibetan Plateau, and has great potential.
The dry matter yield, soil fertility, and economic output of different rotation systems of common vetch(Vicia sativa) were studied under field conditions in the Tibetan Plateau in the Lhasa region for two consecutive years. The treatments used in this study were fallow – Hordeum vulgare – fallow(F–H–F), rape(Brassica napus) – Hordeum vulgare –rape(R–H–R), common vetch – Hordeum vulgare – common vetch(V–H–V), common vetch – Hordeum vulgare – rape(V–H–R), and rape – common vetch – rape(R–V–R). The results showed that the highest yields were observed with V–H–R and R –H –R(27.24 and 26.89 t·ha~(–1), respectively). There was a significant difference in total crude protein production between the rotation systems(P < 0.05), and the R–H–R system had the highest, at 3.68 t·ha~(–1). The V–H–V and V–H–R systems with Lanjian No. 1 had higher average soil total N content than that of the F–H–F and R–H–R systems, which increased by 134.9%, 19.6%, 115.6%, and 9.8%, respectively. The differences in soil organic carbon content among the rotation systems were not significant. The systems with the highest economic output values were V–H–V and V–H–R, at44 284 and 41 444 CNY·ha~(–1), respectively. Therefore, spring common vetch provides excellent forage for relieving forage shortage in livestock husbandry of the Tibetan Plateau, and has great potential.
引文
[1]呼天明,边巴卓玛,曹中华,徐雅梅,苗彦军.施行草地农业推进西藏畜牧业的可持续发展.家畜生态学报,2005,26(1):78-80.HU T M,Banbadroma,CAO Z H,XU Y M,MIAN Y J.Setting up grassland agriculture,promoting sustainable development of animal husbandry in Tibet.Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,2005,26(1):78-80.
[2]张自和.西藏高寒草地畜牧业的意义、问题与发展建议.草业科学,2001,18(6):1-5,11.ZHANG Z H.Significance,problem and suggestion of highland pasture animal husbandry in Tibet,China.Pratacultural Science,2001,18(6):1-5,11.
[3]张耀生,周兴民,王启基.高寒牧区燕麦生产性能的初步分析.草地学报,1998,2:6(2):113-122.ZHANG Y S,ZHOU X M,WANG Q J.A preliminary analysis of production performance of oat(Avena sativa)at Alpine Meadow Pasture.Acta Agrestia Sinca,1998,6(2):113-122.
[4]陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001:80-120.CHEN B S.Cultivation of Forage Forage Crops.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:80-120.
[5]陈功,李锦华,周青平.高寒牧区春箭筈豌豆生产性能的研究.青海草业,1999,8(3):10-12.CHEN G,LI J H,ZHOU Q P.Study of production performance on Vicia sativa in alpine region.Qinghai Prataculture,1999,8(3):10-12.
[6]王旭,曾昭海,胡跃高,朱波.豆科与禾本科牧草混播效应研究进展.中国草地学报,2007,39(4):92-98.WANG X,ZENG Z H,HU Y G,ZHU B.Progress and prospect on mixture of gramineae herbage and leguminosae herbage.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,39(4):92-98.
[7]HODGSON H J.Effect of seeding rates and time of harvest on yield and quality of oat-pea forage.Agronomy Journal,1956,48(1):87-90.
[8]EAGLES H A,LEWIS T D,HOLLAND R,HASLEMORE R M.Quality and quantity of forage from winter oats in the Manawatu.New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1979,7(4):337-341.
[9]蒋海亮.黄土旱塬区秋播燕麦与箭筈豌豆间作系统的生产力和资源利用研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2013.JIANG H L.The productivity and resource use in autumn-sown oat and common vetch intercropping system on the Loess Plateau.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.
[10]毛祝新,傅华,牛得草,聂斌,陈昊,黄德君.箭筈豌豆兰箭1号在夏河地区的最佳刈割期.草业科学,2015,32(10):1653-1659.MAO Z X,FU H,NIU D C,NIE B,CHEN H,HUANG D J.The optimal cutting date of common vetch forage Lanjian No.1 in Xiahe Region,Gansu.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(10):1653-1659.
[11]谭大明,谭海运,刘国一,谢永春,张华国,边巴卓玛.西藏不同黑青稞品种的农艺性状和营养品质分析.麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):142-147.TAN D M,TAN H Y,LIU G Y,XIE Y C,ZHANG H G,Banbadroma.Analysis of agronomic characters and nutritional quality of different black highland barley varieties in Tibet.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2018,38(2):142-147.
[12]付萍.接种根瘤菌及施磷肥对春箭筈豌豆牧草生长的影响.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2015.FU P.Effects of inoculation with rhizobium and phosphate on growth of vetch.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2015.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:90-110.BAO S D.Analysis of Soil Agrochemical.3th ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:90-110.
[14]刘渊博.饲用油菜-冬小麦轮作系统生产力及资源利用效率研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2014.LIU Y B.Productivity and resource utilization in a forage canola-winter wheat rotation system.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.
[15]张清平,田莉华,刘渊博,蒋海亮,沈禹颖.黄土高原一年生饲草作物产量与水分利用效率.干旱区研究,2015,32(2):251-257.ZHANG Q P,TIAN L H,LIU Y B,JIANG H L,SHEN Y Y.Dray matter and water use efficiency of annual forage crops in the Loess Plateau.Arid Zone Research,2015,32(2):251-257.
[16]ROBERTSON M,SHEN Y,PHILP J,HOU F,YANG D,YANG Z,YING K,CHEN X,BELL L,WHISH J,KOMAREK A M,BELLOTTI B.Optimal harvest timing vs harvesting for animal forage supply:Impacts on production and quality of lucerne on the Loess Plateau,China.Grass&Forage Science,2015,70(2):296-307.
[17]KATSVAIRO T,COX W J,VAN ES H.Tillage and rotation effects on soil physical characteristics.Agronomy Journal,2002,94(2):299-304.
[18]SMITH B J,KIRKEGAARD J A,HOWE G N.Impacts of Brassica break-crops on soil biology and yield of following wheat crops.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2004,55(1):1-11.
[19]ARMSTRONG E L,HEENAN D P,PATE J S,UNKOVICH M J.Nitrogen benefits of lupines,field pea,and chickpea to wheat production in south-eastern Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,48(1):39-47.
[20]马丹丹.野生豆科牧草根瘤菌及其固氮活性的研究.长春:东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.MA D D.Studies on the wild legume herbage rhizobia and nitrogen fixation ability.Master Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2006.
[21]RAMOS M G,VILLA M A,URQUIAGA S,ALVES B J,BODDEY R M.Quantification of the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to tropical green manure crops and the residual benefit to a subsequent maize crop using 15N isotope techniques.Journal of Biotechnology,2001,91:105-115.
[22]UNKOVICH M J,PATE J S,HAMBIIN J.The nitrogen economy of broadacre lupin in southwest Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1994,45(1):149-164.
[23]MCCALLUM M H,PEOPLES M B,CONNOR D J.Contributions of nitrogen by field pea(Pisum sativum L.)in a continuous cropping sequence compared with a Lucerne(Medicago sativa L.):based pasture ley in the Victorian Wimmera.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1999,51(1):13-22.
[24]边巴卓玛.西藏高寒农区草田轮作效益研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.Banbadroma.An study on ecological and economic efficiency in forage:Crop rotation system in Tibet farming area.Master Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2006.
[25]姚致远,王峥,李婧,鱼昌为,曹群虎,曹卫东,高亚军.旱地基于豆类绿肥不同轮作方式的经济效益分析.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):76-84.YAO Z Y,WANG Z,LI Q,YU C W,CAO Q H,CAO W D,GAO Y J.Profit analysis of different rotations based on leguminous green manure in dryland area.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(1):76-84.
[26]SMITH E G,JANZEN H,SCHERLOSKI M L,LARNEY F J,ELLERT B.Long-term(47 yr)effects of tillage and frequency of summerfallow on soil organic carbon in a Dark Brown Chernozem soil in western Canada.Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2016,96(4):347-350.
[27]宋尚成,李敏,刘润进.种植模式与土壤管理制度对作物连作障碍的影响.中国农学通报,2009,25(21):231-235.SONG S C,LI M,LIU R J.Effects of plant patterns and soil managements on crop replant diseases.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(21):231-235.
[28]LIU H,ZHANG W,WANG K.Effect of reclamation on soil properties of zonal and intrazonal grasslands in agro-pastoral ecotone.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10):272-277.
[29]房增国,赵秀芬,孙建好,包兴国,张福锁,李隆.接种根瘤菌对蚕豆/玉米间作系统产量及结瘤作用的影响.土壤学报,2009,46(5):887-893.FANG Z G,ZHAO X F,SUN J H,BAO X G,ZHANG F S,LI L.Effects of rhizobium inoculation on yield and nodulation in fababean/maize intercropping system.Acta Pedologica Snica,2009,46(5):887-893.
[2]张自和.西藏高寒草地畜牧业的意义、问题与发展建议.草业科学,2001,18(6):1-5,11.ZHANG Z H.Significance,problem and suggestion of highland pasture animal husbandry in Tibet,China.Pratacultural Science,2001,18(6):1-5,11.
[3]张耀生,周兴民,王启基.高寒牧区燕麦生产性能的初步分析.草地学报,1998,2:6(2):113-122.ZHANG Y S,ZHOU X M,WANG Q J.A preliminary analysis of production performance of oat(Avena sativa)at Alpine Meadow Pasture.Acta Agrestia Sinca,1998,6(2):113-122.
[4]陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001:80-120.CHEN B S.Cultivation of Forage Forage Crops.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:80-120.
[5]陈功,李锦华,周青平.高寒牧区春箭筈豌豆生产性能的研究.青海草业,1999,8(3):10-12.CHEN G,LI J H,ZHOU Q P.Study of production performance on Vicia sativa in alpine region.Qinghai Prataculture,1999,8(3):10-12.
[6]王旭,曾昭海,胡跃高,朱波.豆科与禾本科牧草混播效应研究进展.中国草地学报,2007,39(4):92-98.WANG X,ZENG Z H,HU Y G,ZHU B.Progress and prospect on mixture of gramineae herbage and leguminosae herbage.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2007,39(4):92-98.
[7]HODGSON H J.Effect of seeding rates and time of harvest on yield and quality of oat-pea forage.Agronomy Journal,1956,48(1):87-90.
[8]EAGLES H A,LEWIS T D,HOLLAND R,HASLEMORE R M.Quality and quantity of forage from winter oats in the Manawatu.New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture,1979,7(4):337-341.
[9]蒋海亮.黄土旱塬区秋播燕麦与箭筈豌豆间作系统的生产力和资源利用研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2013.JIANG H L.The productivity and resource use in autumn-sown oat and common vetch intercropping system on the Loess Plateau.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2013.
[10]毛祝新,傅华,牛得草,聂斌,陈昊,黄德君.箭筈豌豆兰箭1号在夏河地区的最佳刈割期.草业科学,2015,32(10):1653-1659.MAO Z X,FU H,NIU D C,NIE B,CHEN H,HUANG D J.The optimal cutting date of common vetch forage Lanjian No.1 in Xiahe Region,Gansu.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(10):1653-1659.
[11]谭大明,谭海运,刘国一,谢永春,张华国,边巴卓玛.西藏不同黑青稞品种的农艺性状和营养品质分析.麦类作物学报,2018,38(2):142-147.TAN D M,TAN H Y,LIU G Y,XIE Y C,ZHANG H G,Banbadroma.Analysis of agronomic characters and nutritional quality of different black highland barley varieties in Tibet.Journal of Triticeae Crops,2018,38(2):142-147.
[12]付萍.接种根瘤菌及施磷肥对春箭筈豌豆牧草生长的影响.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2015.FU P.Effects of inoculation with rhizobium and phosphate on growth of vetch.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2015.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析.3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:90-110.BAO S D.Analysis of Soil Agrochemical.3th ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000:90-110.
[14]刘渊博.饲用油菜-冬小麦轮作系统生产力及资源利用效率研究.兰州:兰州大学硕士学位论文,2014.LIU Y B.Productivity and resource utilization in a forage canola-winter wheat rotation system.Master Thesis.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.
[15]张清平,田莉华,刘渊博,蒋海亮,沈禹颖.黄土高原一年生饲草作物产量与水分利用效率.干旱区研究,2015,32(2):251-257.ZHANG Q P,TIAN L H,LIU Y B,JIANG H L,SHEN Y Y.Dray matter and water use efficiency of annual forage crops in the Loess Plateau.Arid Zone Research,2015,32(2):251-257.
[16]ROBERTSON M,SHEN Y,PHILP J,HOU F,YANG D,YANG Z,YING K,CHEN X,BELL L,WHISH J,KOMAREK A M,BELLOTTI B.Optimal harvest timing vs harvesting for animal forage supply:Impacts on production and quality of lucerne on the Loess Plateau,China.Grass&Forage Science,2015,70(2):296-307.
[17]KATSVAIRO T,COX W J,VAN ES H.Tillage and rotation effects on soil physical characteristics.Agronomy Journal,2002,94(2):299-304.
[18]SMITH B J,KIRKEGAARD J A,HOWE G N.Impacts of Brassica break-crops on soil biology and yield of following wheat crops.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2004,55(1):1-11.
[19]ARMSTRONG E L,HEENAN D P,PATE J S,UNKOVICH M J.Nitrogen benefits of lupines,field pea,and chickpea to wheat production in south-eastern Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1997,48(1):39-47.
[20]马丹丹.野生豆科牧草根瘤菌及其固氮活性的研究.长春:东北师范大学硕士学位论文,2006.MA D D.Studies on the wild legume herbage rhizobia and nitrogen fixation ability.Master Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2006.
[21]RAMOS M G,VILLA M A,URQUIAGA S,ALVES B J,BODDEY R M.Quantification of the contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to tropical green manure crops and the residual benefit to a subsequent maize crop using 15N isotope techniques.Journal of Biotechnology,2001,91:105-115.
[22]UNKOVICH M J,PATE J S,HAMBIIN J.The nitrogen economy of broadacre lupin in southwest Australia.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1994,45(1):149-164.
[23]MCCALLUM M H,PEOPLES M B,CONNOR D J.Contributions of nitrogen by field pea(Pisum sativum L.)in a continuous cropping sequence compared with a Lucerne(Medicago sativa L.):based pasture ley in the Victorian Wimmera.Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,1999,51(1):13-22.
[24]边巴卓玛.西藏高寒农区草田轮作效益研究.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2006.Banbadroma.An study on ecological and economic efficiency in forage:Crop rotation system in Tibet farming area.Master Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2006.
[25]姚致远,王峥,李婧,鱼昌为,曹群虎,曹卫东,高亚军.旱地基于豆类绿肥不同轮作方式的经济效益分析.植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):76-84.YAO Z Y,WANG Z,LI Q,YU C W,CAO Q H,CAO W D,GAO Y J.Profit analysis of different rotations based on leguminous green manure in dryland area.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(1):76-84.
[26]SMITH E G,JANZEN H,SCHERLOSKI M L,LARNEY F J,ELLERT B.Long-term(47 yr)effects of tillage and frequency of summerfallow on soil organic carbon in a Dark Brown Chernozem soil in western Canada.Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2016,96(4):347-350.
[27]宋尚成,李敏,刘润进.种植模式与土壤管理制度对作物连作障碍的影响.中国农学通报,2009,25(21):231-235.SONG S C,LI M,LIU R J.Effects of plant patterns and soil managements on crop replant diseases.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(21):231-235.
[28]LIU H,ZHANG W,WANG K.Effect of reclamation on soil properties of zonal and intrazonal grasslands in agro-pastoral ecotone.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(10):272-277.
[29]房增国,赵秀芬,孙建好,包兴国,张福锁,李隆.接种根瘤菌对蚕豆/玉米间作系统产量及结瘤作用的影响.土壤学报,2009,46(5):887-893.FANG Z G,ZHAO X F,SUN J H,BAO X G,ZHANG F S,LI L.Effects of rhizobium inoculation on yield and nodulation in fababean/maize intercropping system.Acta Pedologica Snica,2009,46(5):887-893.