砀山酥梨果实发育期间树体矿质元素含量的变化及其相关性分析
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摘要
以砀山酥梨为材料,研究了果实发育过程中,果实、叶片以及一年生枝条内各主要矿质元素含量的变化规律及其在各器官间的相关性,以期为砀山酥梨合理适时施肥提供参考。结果表明,果实发育过程中,叶片内N、P、K、Zn、Cu、B含量呈下降趋势,Ca、Fe和Mn含量呈上升趋势,而Mg、S含量变化不显著;一年生枝条内N、P、K、Mg、S、Cu、Zn和B含量总体呈下降趋势,Ca和Mn含量呈上升趋势,Fe含量呈波动性变化;果实内N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Mn、Cu、Zn和B含量呈先下降后稳定的趋势,Fe含量先显著下降,后呈现出波动性变化。叶片中N、P、K、Cu、Zn、B含量间均表现出极显著的正相关,Ca含量与K、B呈极显著负相关,Mn和N、P、K呈极显著负相关;1年生枝条中N、P、K、Cu、Zn含量之间呈显著正相关,Ca与Fe含量呈极显著负相关,Mn和K含量呈极显著负相关;果实中Fe含量与B含量呈显著正相关,其余各元素间呈极显著正相关。叶片中N、P、K、Zn、B和果实、一年生枝条中对应的矿质元素含量均呈极显著正相关。砀山酥梨植株中营养元素的分配,随着生长中心的转移而变化,施肥时要根据矿质元素的变化特点,有针对性地提前施入。
In order to explore the accumulation characteristics of minerals during the development of ‘Dangshansu' pear fruit, the changes of main mineral elements in fruits, leaves and 1-year-old branches were studied. The results showed that during the fruit development, the contents of N, P, K, Zn, Cu and B decreased, while the contents of Ca, Fe and Mn increased in the leaf. The contents of Mg and S in the leaf showed no remarkable changes. In the one-year-old branch, the contents of N, P, K, Mg, S, Cu, Zn and B decreased, while the contents of Ca and Mn increased. The content of Fe was fluctuant during the fruit development. I the fruit, the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and B decreased firstly and then had no remarkable changes and the content of Fe decreased significantly firstly, and then showed a fluctuating change. In the leaf, the contents of N, P, K, Cu, Zn and B showed a positive correlation(P<0.01), while the Ca content was negatively correlated with the contents of K and B(P<0.01) and the Mn content was negatively correlated with the contents of N, P and K(P<0.01). In the one-year-old shoot, the contents of N, P, K, Cu and Zn showed positive correlation(P<0.05), while the Ca content was negatively correlated with the Fe content(P<0.01), and the Mn content was negatively correlated with the K content(P<0.01). In the fruit, the content of Fe and B showed positive correlation(P<0.05), and the contents of other elements also showed positive correlation(P<0.01). There were significant positive correlations among N, P, K, Zn and B in the leaf, fruit and one-year-old shoot(P<0.01). The mineral contents in ‘Dangshansu' pear were changing during the fruit development; therefore, the fertilization should be conducted based on the change characteristics of mineral elements.
In order to explore the accumulation characteristics of minerals during the development of ‘Dangshansu' pear fruit, the changes of main mineral elements in fruits, leaves and 1-year-old branches were studied. The results showed that during the fruit development, the contents of N, P, K, Zn, Cu and B decreased, while the contents of Ca, Fe and Mn increased in the leaf. The contents of Mg and S in the leaf showed no remarkable changes. In the one-year-old branch, the contents of N, P, K, Mg, S, Cu, Zn and B decreased, while the contents of Ca and Mn increased. The content of Fe was fluctuant during the fruit development. I the fruit, the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and B decreased firstly and then had no remarkable changes and the content of Fe decreased significantly firstly, and then showed a fluctuating change. In the leaf, the contents of N, P, K, Cu, Zn and B showed a positive correlation(P<0.01), while the Ca content was negatively correlated with the contents of K and B(P<0.01) and the Mn content was negatively correlated with the contents of N, P and K(P<0.01). In the one-year-old shoot, the contents of N, P, K, Cu and Zn showed positive correlation(P<0.05), while the Ca content was negatively correlated with the Fe content(P<0.01), and the Mn content was negatively correlated with the K content(P<0.01). In the fruit, the content of Fe and B showed positive correlation(P<0.05), and the contents of other elements also showed positive correlation(P<0.01). There were significant positive correlations among N, P, K, Zn and B in the leaf, fruit and one-year-old shoot(P<0.01). The mineral contents in ‘Dangshansu' pear were changing during the fruit development; therefore, the fertilization should be conducted based on the change characteristics of mineral elements.
引文
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[12]张晓玲,徐义流,束冰,等.10年生石榴树体微量元素分布特性[J].园艺学报,2015,42(SI):2632.
[13]张晓玲,徐义流,束冰,等.10年生石榴植株大量矿质元素分布与累积特性[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(4):540-544.
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[17]张强,魏钦平,蒋瑞山,等.富士苹果矿质营养含量与几个主要品质指标的相关性分析[J].园艺学报,2011,38(10):1963-1968.
[18]何为华,王勤,张世英,等.套袋、喷钙对酥梨果实矿质营养和品质的影响[J].果树学报,2003,20(1):18-21.
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[20]王建,同延安,高义民,等.猕猴桃树体年生长周期内生物量及不同器官钙累积动态研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(9):66-72.
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[22]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002,87
[23]及华,冯云霄,张海新.桃果实发育期矿质元素含量的动态变化及相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):1227-1230.
[24]马建军,张立彬.野生欧李生长期矿质营养元素含量的变化[J].园艺学报,2004,31(2):165-168.
[25]林敏娟,徐继忠,陈海江,等.黄金梨叶片、果实中矿质元素含量的周年变化动态[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,28(6):23-27.
[2]于冬梅,戴永利,刘振盼,等.平欧榛子达维1年生枝条主要营养元素年动态规律研究[J].辽宁林业科技,2012(3):8-9.
[3]陆修闽,郑少泉,蒋际谋,等.‘早钟6号'枇杷主要营养元素含量的年周期变化[J].园艺学报,2000,27(4):240-244.
[4]曲柏宏,朴红权,朴一龙,等.苹果梨树营养状况的初步研究[J].园艺学报,1996,23(4):334-338.
[5]卢伟红,张玉星,张建光,等.鸭梨叶片和果实10种营养元素含量周年变化的研究[J].中国果树,2012(6):26-29.
[6]张森,潘立忠,王小兵,等.库尔勒香梨叶内主要矿质元素年生长动态变化的研究[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(8):41-43.
[7]贾兵,衡伟,刘莉,等.砀山酥梨叶片矿质元素含量年变化及其相关性分析[J].安徽农业大学学报,2011,38(2):212-217.
[8]闫敏,李磊,霍晓兰,等.酥梨营养器官中矿质元素周年动态变化[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(8):800-802.
[9]包丽杰,刘威生,陈晓静,等.杏叶片矿质营养研究进展[J].果树学报,2008,25(1):102-106.
[10]张美勇,徐颖,杨茂林.核桃生殖器官的矿质营养动态[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(2):132-138.
[11]郑瑞杰,王德永,雷鸣.日本栗叶片矿质营养元素含量年动态变化的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(4):14-17.
[12]张晓玲,徐义流,束冰,等.10年生石榴树体微量元素分布特性[J].园艺学报,2015,42(SI):2632.
[13]张晓玲,徐义流,束冰,等.10年生石榴植株大量矿质元素分布与累积特性[J].安徽农业大学学报,2015,42(4):540-544.
[14]张晓玲,徐义流,齐永杰,等.枇杷树体矿质养分积累及分布特性[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(2):283-289.
[15]赵竹青,王运华.矿质营养对生长素代谢影响的研究现状与展望[J].植物学通报,1998,15(1):37-42.
[16]慕康国,赵秀琴,李健强.矿质营养与植物病害关系研究进展[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):84-90.
[17]张强,魏钦平,蒋瑞山,等.富士苹果矿质营养含量与几个主要品质指标的相关性分析[J].园艺学报,2011,38(10):1963-1968.
[18]何为华,王勤,张世英,等.套袋、喷钙对酥梨果实矿质营养和品质的影响[J].果树学报,2003,20(1):18-21.
[19]QUINLAN J D.Chemical composition of developing and shed fruits of Laxton’s Fortune apple[J].J Hortic Sci Biotech,1969,44(1):97-106.
[20]王建,同延安,高义民,等.猕猴桃树体年生长周期内生物量及不同器官钙累积动态研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,38(9):66-72.
[21]张绍铃.梨学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013:469.
[22]陆景陵.植物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002,87
[23]及华,冯云霄,张海新.桃果实发育期矿质元素含量的动态变化及相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(3):1227-1230.
[24]马建军,张立彬.野生欧李生长期矿质营养元素含量的变化[J].园艺学报,2004,31(2):165-168.
[25]林敏娟,徐继忠,陈海江,等.黄金梨叶片、果实中矿质元素含量的周年变化动态[J].河北农业大学学报,2006,28(6):23-27.