厌氧平板膜生物反应器连续处理猪场废水研究
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摘要
本研究以实际猪场废水为原料,在中温(37±1)℃条件下利用浸没式平板膜生物反应器进行180d连续厌氧发酵试验,以水力停留时间5,3和2d的梯度变化逐渐增加容积负荷,研究反应器运行性能,污泥比产甲烷活性,膜过滤特性和膜的清洗效果.试验结果表明,随水力停留时间的缩短,反应器的容积产沼气率分别达到0.68,1.03和1.12L/(L·d),稳定运行期间出水的总挥发性脂肪酸分别为(169±41) mg/L,(15±3) mg/L和(114±45) mg/L,以乙酸为主.反应器中厌氧污泥的乙酸比产甲烷活性测试表明,以2000mg/L的乙酸为基质,HRT 3d时具有最大比产甲烷活性1.127g-COD/(g-VSS·d).本试验发生膜污染的周期约4个月.采用2%的柠檬酸浸泡3h,可以恢复膜的过滤性能.在较低通量下,反应器中7～32g/L的污泥浓度并不会明显的影响平板膜的过滤性能.本研究结果显示,厌氧膜生物反应器有处理猪场废水的可能性.
A 180-days′ continuous experiment with anaerobic membrane reactor(AnMBR) were carried out to treat swine wastewater at mesophilic condition. The organic loading rate(OLR) was increased by shortening the hydraulic retention time(HRT) stepwise through 5, 3 and 2 days. The gas production and performance of AnMBR, specific methanogenic activity(SMA) at different HRTs of the membrane reactor and performance of membrane filtration was studied in this research. With the shortening of HRTs, gas production rate increased from 0.68 to 1.03 and 1.12 L/(L·d). While the TVFA of permeate was less than 500 mg/L at the whole operation, which was(169±41) mg/L,(15±3) mg/L and(114±45) mg/L, respectively. Acetate was the main part. The best specific methanogenesis was got at HRT 3 days whose value was 1.127 g-COD/(g-VSS·d) at 2000 mg/L acetate acid concentration. A cycle of membrane fouling was about 4 months. The membrane filtration was then recovered by soaking the membrane sheet with 2% citric acid for 3 hours. Under the lower flux, the sludge concentration of 7～32 g/L in the reactor did not significantly affect the filtration performance of the flat-sheet membrane.
A 180-days′ continuous experiment with anaerobic membrane reactor(AnMBR) were carried out to treat swine wastewater at mesophilic condition. The organic loading rate(OLR) was increased by shortening the hydraulic retention time(HRT) stepwise through 5, 3 and 2 days. The gas production and performance of AnMBR, specific methanogenic activity(SMA) at different HRTs of the membrane reactor and performance of membrane filtration was studied in this research. With the shortening of HRTs, gas production rate increased from 0.68 to 1.03 and 1.12 L/(L·d). While the TVFA of permeate was less than 500 mg/L at the whole operation, which was(169±41) mg/L,(15±3) mg/L and(114±45) mg/L, respectively. Acetate was the main part. The best specific methanogenesis was got at HRT 3 days whose value was 1.127 g-COD/(g-VSS·d) at 2000 mg/L acetate acid concentration. A cycle of membrane fouling was about 4 months. The membrane filtration was then recovered by soaking the membrane sheet with 2% citric acid for 3 hours. Under the lower flux, the sludge concentration of 7～32 g/L in the reactor did not significantly affect the filtration performance of the flat-sheet membrane.
引文
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[26]闫立龙,王晓辉,梁海晶,等.UASB去除猪场废水有机物影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):61-65.
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[28]郭建斌,董仁杰,程辉彩,等.温度与有机负荷对猪粪厌氧发酵过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):217-222.
[29]Zhao H W,Viraraghavan T.Analysis of the performance of an anaerobic digestion system at the Regina Wastewater Treatment Plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,95(3):301-307.
[30]马溪平.厌氧微生物学与污水处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[31]李蕾,何琴,马垚,等.厌氧消化过程稳定性与微生物群落的相关性[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(11):3397-3404.
[32]Regueiro L,Veiga P,Figueroa M,et al.Relationship between microbial activity and microbial community structure in six full-scale anaerobic digesters[J].Microbiological Research,2012,167(10):581-589.
[33]关春雨,杭世珺,史骏,等.MBR中平板膜和中空纤维膜的运行特性对比研究[J].给水排水,2015,(12):35-40.
[34]王盼.平板膜污泥浓缩工艺中污染膜的膜清洗方式[J].净水技术,2015,(1):82-87.
[35]孙凯,陆晓峰,周保昌,等.厌氧膜生物反应器(An MBR)处理高浓度豆制品废水的研究[J].膜科学与技术,2011,31(4):65-69.
[2]Sánchez E,Borja R,Travieso L,et al.Effect of organic loading rate on the stability,operational parameters and performance of a secondary upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating piggery waste[J].Bioresource Technology,2005,96(3):335-344.
[3]张坤.小型分散养猪场废水处理工艺研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[4]Buzatu P,Lavric V.Optimal Operating Strategies of a Submerged Membrane Bioreactor for Wastewater Treatment[J].Chemical&Biochemical Engineering Quarterly,2011,25(1):89-103.
[5]Christian S,Grant S,Mccarthy P,et al.The first two years of full-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)operation treating high-strength industrial wastewater[J].Water Practice&Technology,2011,6(2):1-2.
[6]Xia T,Gao X,Wang C,et al.An enhanced anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating bamboo industry wastewater by bamboo charcoal addition:Performance and microbial community analysis[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,220:26-33.
[7]Smith A L,Stadler L B,Love N G,et al.Perspectives on anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of domestic wastewater:a critical review[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,122(5):149-159.
[8]Xuan B,Thanh,Tin N T,et al.Influence of Recirculation Rate on Performance of Membrane Bioreactor Coupling with Ozonation Treating Dyeing and Textile Wastewater[J].Journal of Water Sustainability,2013,(2):71-78.
[9]Hu A Y,Stuckey D C.Treatment of dilute wastewaters using a novel submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2006,132(2):190-198.
[10]Skouteris G,Hermosilla D,López P,et al.Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment:A review[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,198-199(8):138-148.
[11]Yan T,Ye Y,Ma H,et al.A critical review on membrane hybrid system for nutrient recovery from wastewater[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,348:143-156.
[12]姚惠娇,董红敏,陶秀萍,等.浸没式膜生物反应器处理猪场污水运行参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(15):223-230.
[13]孟海玲,董红敏,黄宏坤.膜生物反应器用于猪场污水深度处理试验[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4):1277-1281.
[14]崔喜勤,林君锋.好氧膜生物反应器处理养猪场废水[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2010,39(1):90-93.
[15]冯仕训,胡邦,靖丹枫,等.MBR中中空纤维膜与平板膜工艺设计对比[J].市政技术,2017,35(6):154-156.
[16]Bodík I,Bl?t'ákováA,Dan?ováL,et al.Comparison of flat-sheet and hollow-fiber membrane modules in municipal wastewater treatment[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2009,18(3):331-340.
[17]Clesceri L S,Grenberg A,Eaton A D,et al.Standard methods for the examination of waters and wastewaters[J].Health Laboratory Science,2005,4(3):137.
[18]Güng?r-Demirci G,Demirer G N.Effect of initial COD concentration,nutrient addition,temperature and microbial acclimation on anaerobic treatability of broiler and cattle manure[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,93(2):109-117.
[19]国家环保局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[20]Rieger C,Weiland P.Prozessst?rungen frühzeitig erkennen[J].Biogas Journal,2006,6(4):18-20.
[21]乔玮,毕少杰,尹冬敏,等.鸡粪中高温厌氧甲烷发酵产气潜能与动力学特性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(1):234-243.
[22]Wandera S M,Qiao W,Algapani D E,et al.Searching for possibilities to improve the performance of full scale agricultural biogas plants[J].Renewable Energy,2018,116:720-727.
[23]刘明轩.膜生物反应器处理猪场养殖废水的研究[D].天津:天津工业大学,2008.
[24]杨阳.UASB反应器处理猪场废水的试验研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2010.
[25]许馨月.北京郊区小规模养猪场废水污染调查及处理研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[26]闫立龙,王晓辉,梁海晶,等.UASB去除猪场废水有机物影响因素研究[J].安全与环境学报,2013,13(3):61-65.
[27]Padmasiri S I,Zhang J,Fitch M,et al.Methanogenic population dynamics and performance of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor(AnMBR)treating swine manure under high shear conditions[J].Water Research,2007,41(1):134-144.
[28]郭建斌,董仁杰,程辉彩,等.温度与有机负荷对猪粪厌氧发酵过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):217-222.
[29]Zhao H W,Viraraghavan T.Analysis of the performance of an anaerobic digestion system at the Regina Wastewater Treatment Plant[J].Bioresource Technology,2004,95(3):301-307.
[30]马溪平.厌氧微生物学与污水处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[31]李蕾,何琴,马垚,等.厌氧消化过程稳定性与微生物群落的相关性[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(11):3397-3404.
[32]Regueiro L,Veiga P,Figueroa M,et al.Relationship between microbial activity and microbial community structure in six full-scale anaerobic digesters[J].Microbiological Research,2012,167(10):581-589.
[33]关春雨,杭世珺,史骏,等.MBR中平板膜和中空纤维膜的运行特性对比研究[J].给水排水,2015,(12):35-40.
[34]王盼.平板膜污泥浓缩工艺中污染膜的膜清洗方式[J].净水技术,2015,(1):82-87.
[35]孙凯,陆晓峰,周保昌,等.厌氧膜生物反应器(An MBR)处理高浓度豆制品废水的研究[J].膜科学与技术,2011,31(4):65-69.