湖南乡村生活质量的空间格局及其影响因素
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摘要
认知乡村生活质量的地域分异规律及形成原因,既是新时代乡村地理学研究的新内容,也是科学实施"乡村振兴"战略的内在要求。以湖南省101个县(市、区)为研究单元,构建由6个维度组成的乡村生活质量评价指标体系,运用熵权法、探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)及地理探测器等研究方法,研究湖南乡村生活质量的空间格局特征及其影响因素。结果表明:湖南乡村生活质量总体上呈现出东高西低并由东向西依次递减的空间分布态势;从空间关联格局来看,HH区和LL区在空间上集聚格局明显,显著HH区主要分布在长株潭城市群地区和周边临近县域,显著LL区主要分布在大湘西地区;影响湖南乡村生活质量空间格局的重要因素为人均GDP、城镇化水平、离省会城市距离、海拔,次重要因素为坡度、第二第三产业占比、农村非农劳动力占比、农业机械总动力。振兴乡村,提高乡村生活质量应在充分保护乡村生态环境的基础上,把乡村产业振兴和经济振兴放在优先的位置,应积极改善广大乡村地区的互联互通条件,促进乡村地区基础设施和公共服务设施的现代化。
Understanding the regional differentiation regularities and causes of quality of life in rural areas is not only the new content of rural geography for a new era, but also the inherent requirement of the scientific implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Taking 101 counties(cities, districts) of Hunan province as the research unit, this paper proposes a assessment indicator system of quality of life in rural areas consisting of six dimensions. Then,using the entropy method, exploratory spatial data analysis and geo-detector, we elaborate spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of quality of life in rural areas of the province. Our results suggest the following:(1) The spatial distribution pattern of quality of life indicates that the overall feature is high to low from the east to west and descends from east to west.(2) From the perspective of the spatial correlation pattern, obviously, the spatial pattern of High-High area and Low-Low area present a pattern of agglomeration. High-High area is mainly located in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and its adjacent counties,while Low-Low area is mainly in western Hunan.(3) The primary factors influencing quality of life are per capita GDP, urbanization level, distance from provincial capital, and elevation.The secondary factors are the slope, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the proportion of non-agricultural labor in rural areas, and total power of agricultural machinery.To realize rural revitalization and improve the quality of life in rural areas, we should give priority to rural industrial and economic revitalization based on eco-environmental protection,actively strengthen the interconnection between regions and enhance the modernization of infrastructure and public service facilities in rural areas.
Understanding the regional differentiation regularities and causes of quality of life in rural areas is not only the new content of rural geography for a new era, but also the inherent requirement of the scientific implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Taking 101 counties(cities, districts) of Hunan province as the research unit, this paper proposes a assessment indicator system of quality of life in rural areas consisting of six dimensions. Then,using the entropy method, exploratory spatial data analysis and geo-detector, we elaborate spatial pattern characteristics and influencing factors of quality of life in rural areas of the province. Our results suggest the following:(1) The spatial distribution pattern of quality of life indicates that the overall feature is high to low from the east to west and descends from east to west.(2) From the perspective of the spatial correlation pattern, obviously, the spatial pattern of High-High area and Low-Low area present a pattern of agglomeration. High-High area is mainly located in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and its adjacent counties,while Low-Low area is mainly in western Hunan.(3) The primary factors influencing quality of life are per capita GDP, urbanization level, distance from provincial capital, and elevation.The secondary factors are the slope, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the proportion of non-agricultural labor in rural areas, and total power of agricultural machinery.To realize rural revitalization and improve the quality of life in rural areas, we should give priority to rural industrial and economic revitalization based on eco-environmental protection,actively strengthen the interconnection between regions and enhance the modernization of infrastructure and public service facilities in rural areas.
引文
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(1)不纳入本次评价单元的城区为:长沙市5个区(芙蓉区、天心区、岳麓区、开福区、雨花区),株洲市4个区(荷塘区、芦淞区、石峰区、天元区),湘潭市2个区(雨湖区、岳塘区),衡阳市5个区(珠晖区、雁峰区、石鼓区、蒸湘区、南岳区)、邵阳市3个区(双清区、大祥区、北塔区),岳阳市2个区(岳阳楼区、云溪区)。
[2]周侃,蔺雪芹,申玉铭,等.京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价.地理科学进展,2011,33(3):361-368.[Zhou Kan,Lin Xueqin,Shen Yuming,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of human settlement quality in Beijing suburban new countryside.Progress in Geography,2011,33(3):361-368.]
[3]刘彦随.中国新时代城乡融合与乡村振兴.地理学报,2018,73(4):637-650.[Liu Yansui.Research on the urban-rural integration and rural revitalization in the new era in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(4):637-650.]
[4]Rostow W W.Politics and the Stages of Growth.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1971.
[5]Kaklauskas A,Zavadskas E K,Radzeviciene A.Quality of city life multiple criteria analysis.Cities,2018,72:82-93.
[6]Macke J,Casagrande R M,Sarate J A R,et al.Smart city and quality of life:Citizens'perception in a Brazilian case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,2018,182:717-726.
[7]王伟武.杭州城市生活质量的定量评价.地理学报,2005,60(1):151-157.[Wang Weiwu.A quantitative assessment on the quality of life in Hangzhou based on Landsat/TM and socioeconomic data.Acta Geographica Sinica,2005,60(1):151-157.]
[8]张亮,赵雪雁,张胜武,等.安徽城市居民生活质量评价及其空间格局分析.经济地理,2014,34(4):84-90.[Zhang Ling,Zhao Xueyan,Zhang Shengwu,et al.Evaluation and spatial pattern analysis of quality of life of urban residents in Anhui province.Economic Geography,2014,34(4):84-90.]
[9]周长城,叶闽慎.农民主观生活质量因子分析:以湖北省W市M镇周边村庄为例.山东社会科学,2015,(6):45-51.[Zhou Changcheng,Ye Minshen.Analysis of farmer's subjective quality of life factor:A case study of M town,W city,Hubei province.Shandong Social Sciences,2015,(6):45-51.]
[10]周瑞瑞,米文宝,李俊杰,等.宁夏县域城镇居民生活质量空间分异及解析.干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(7):14-21.[Zhou Ruirui,Mi Wenbao,Li Junjie,et al.Spatial differentiation of quality of urban life in Ningxia province on county scale.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(7):14-21.]
[11]Braue R,Dymitrow M.Quality of life in rural areas:A topic for the rural development policy?Bulletin of geography.Socio-economic Series,2014,25:25-54.
[12]Boncinelli F,Pagnotta G,Riccioli F,et al.The determinants of quality of life in rural areas from a geographic perspective:The case of Tuscany.Review of Urban&Regional Development Studies,2015,(2):104-117.
[13]唐承丽,贺艳华,周国华,等.基于生活质量导向的乡村聚落空间优化研究.地理学报,2014,69(10):1459-1472.[Tang Chengli,He Yanhua,Zhou Guohua,et al.The research on optimization mode of spatial organization of rural settlements oriented by life quality.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(10):1459-1472.]
[14]田永霞,刘晓娜,李红,等.基于主客观生活质量评价的农村发展差异分析:以北京山区经济薄弱村为例.地理科学进展,2015,34(2):185-196.[Tian Yongxia,Liu Xiaona,Li Hong,et al.Rural development difference based on subjective and objective evaluation of life quality:A case of economically underdeveloped villages in Beijing mountainous area.Progress in Geography,2015,34(2):185-196.]
[15]吴海盛.农村老人生活质量现状及影响因素分析:基于江苏省农户微观数据的分析.农业经济问题,2009,30(10):44-50,110-111.[Wu Haisheng.Life quality of the elderly in rural areas and its impact factor analysis:Case of Jiangsu province.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2009,30(10):44-50,110-111.]
[16]何仁伟,刘邵权,刘运伟.典型山区居民生活水平评价及空间差异:以四川省凉山州为例.山地学报,2012,30(3):264-275.[He Renwei,Liu Shaoquan,Liu Yunwei.Evaluation and spatial difference on residents'living standards in representative mountain areas:A case study of Liangshan Yizu autonomous prefecture,Sichuan province.Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(3):264-275.]
[17]薛东前,吕玉倩,黄晶,等.城市贫困群体主观生活质量研究:以西安市典型社区为例.地理科学,2017,37(4):554-562.[Xue Dongqian,Lyu Yuqian,Huang Jing,et al.Urban poverty groups'subjective life quality:A case study on Xi'an typical community.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2017,37(4):554-562.]
[18]李航,李雪铭,田深圳,等.城市人居环境的时空分异特征及其机制研究:以辽宁省为例.地理研究,2017,36(7):1323-1338.[Li Hang,Li Xueming,Tian Shenzhen,et al.Temporal and spatial variation characteristics and mechanism of urban human settlements:Case study of Liaoning province.Geographical Research,2017,36(7):1323-1338.]
[19]马晓熠,裴韬.基于探索性空间数据分析方法的北京市区域经济差异.地理科学进展,2010,29(12):1555-1561.[Ma Xiaoyi,Pei Tao.Exploratory spatial data analysis of regional economic disparities in Beijing during 2001-2007.Progress in Geography,2010,29(12):1555-1561.]
[20]陈文娣,黄震方,蒋卫国,等.长江中游经济带区域经济差异及其时空演变特征.热带地理,2013,33(3):324-332.[Chen Wendi,Huang Zhenfang,Jiang Weiguo,et al.Regional economic differences and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the Yangtze Midstream Economic Zone.Tropical Geography,2013,33(3):324-332.]
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(1)不纳入本次评价单元的城区为:长沙市5个区(芙蓉区、天心区、岳麓区、开福区、雨花区),株洲市4个区(荷塘区、芦淞区、石峰区、天元区),湘潭市2个区(雨湖区、岳塘区),衡阳市5个区(珠晖区、雁峰区、石鼓区、蒸湘区、南岳区)、邵阳市3个区(双清区、大祥区、北塔区),岳阳市2个区(岳阳楼区、云溪区)。