虹鳟和硬头鳟早期幼鱼渗透生理及能量平衡的比较研究
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摘要
在0、5、10、15、20、25和30这7个盐度下比较研究了初始体重分别为(3.55±0.03)g陆封型虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)和(3.57±0.07)g溯河型硬头鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)的渗透压生理及能量平衡。40天的研究显示:(1)随盐度的升高虹鳟和硬头鳟的血清渗透压和离子浓度均升高,且S30组的数值显著高于其余各组(P<0.05);在S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟血清渗透压、离子浓度均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。(2)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的Na+-K+-ATP酶(NKA)和Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP酶(CMA)活性最低;在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟的NKA和CMA均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。(3)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织ATP含量最高;在S10、S15、S20和S25组,硬头鳟ATP均显著高于虹鳟(P<0.05)。(4)虹鳟和硬头鳟分别在S5和S10组的肌肉和鳃组织AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP最低,在S10、S15、S20、S25和S30组,虹鳟AMP/ATP和ADP/ATP均显著高于硬头鳟(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,3.6g左右硬头鳟渗透调节能力强于虹鳟,经过逐渐驯化它们最适生长盐度分别为10和5。
Effects of salinity on osmophysiology and energy budget of juvenile landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout were studied.Seven salinity treatments were 0,5,10,15,20,25,and30.Initial size of rainbow and steelhead trout was 3.6 g.After a 40-day trial,serum osmolality and ion of rainbow and steelhead trout tended to increase with salinity increase,serum osmolality and ion in the S30 treatment were significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05).In the S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,serum osmolality and ion of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The activity of Na+-K+-ATP(NKA)and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP(CMA)of rainbow and steelhead trout gained the minimum in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the activities of NKA and CMA of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The ATP content of rainbow and steelhead trout muscle and gill was the highest in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the ATP content of steelhead trout was significantly higher than that of rainbow trout(P<0.05).The AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP of rainbow and steelhead trout muscle and gill gained the minimum in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The results indicated that the salinity adaptation of the juvenile anadromous steelhead trout was slightly higher than that of the juvenile landlocked rainbow trout,and salinities of 10 and 5 were suitable for the juvenile culture of the fishes,respectively.
Effects of salinity on osmophysiology and energy budget of juvenile landlocked rainbow trout and anadromous steelhead trout were studied.Seven salinity treatments were 0,5,10,15,20,25,and30.Initial size of rainbow and steelhead trout was 3.6 g.After a 40-day trial,serum osmolality and ion of rainbow and steelhead trout tended to increase with salinity increase,serum osmolality and ion in the S30 treatment were significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05).In the S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,serum osmolality and ion of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The activity of Na+-K+-ATP(NKA)and Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATP(CMA)of rainbow and steelhead trout gained the minimum in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the activities of NKA and CMA of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The ATP content of rainbow and steelhead trout muscle and gill was the highest in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the ATP content of steelhead trout was significantly higher than that of rainbow trout(P<0.05).The AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP of rainbow and steelhead trout muscle and gill gained the minimum in S5 and S10 treatments,respectively.In the S10,S15,S20,S25 and S30 treatments,the AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP of rainbow trout were significantly higher than those of steelhead trout(P<0.05).The results indicated that the salinity adaptation of the juvenile anadromous steelhead trout was slightly higher than that of the juvenile landlocked rainbow trout,and salinities of 10 and 5 were suitable for the juvenile culture of the fishes,respectively.
引文
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[5] Stewart H A,Noakes D L,Cogliati K M,et al.Salinity effects on plasma ion levels,cortisol,and osmolality in Chinook salmon following lethal sampling[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A:Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2016,192:38-43.
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[12] Duston J.Effect of salinity on survival and growth of Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)parr and smolts[J].Aquaculture,1994,121(1-3):115-124.
[13] Sedgwick S D.Rainbow trout farming in Scotland,farming trout in salt water[J].Scotland Agriculture,1970,5(2):6-12.
[14]韩立民,郭永超,董双林.开发黄海冷水团建立国家离岸养殖试验区的研究[J].太平洋学报,2016,24(5):79-85.Han L M,Guo Y C,Dong S L.Research on establishing a national offshore aquaculture experimental one based on the development of the Yellow Sea cold water mass[J].Pacific Journal,2016,24(5):79-85.
[15]董双林.论我国水产养殖业生态集约化发展[J].中国渔业经济,2015,33(5):4-9.Dong S L.On ecological intensification of aquaculture systems in China[J].Chinese Fisheries Economics,2015,33(5):4-9.
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[17] Boeuf G,Payan P.How should salinity influence fish growth?[J].Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:Toxicology&Pharmacology,2001,130(4):411-423.
[18] Mccormick S D.Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on salinity tolerance and gill Na+,K+-ATPase in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar):Interaction with cortisol[J].General&Comparative Endocrinology,1996,101(1):3-11.
[19]张春晓,周磊,叶继丹,等.急性盐度胁迫对摄食不同镁水平饲料鲈血清渗透压和离子水平以及鳃丝ATP酶活力的影响[J].水产学报,2012,36(9):1425-1434.Zhang C X,Lei Z,Ye J D,et al.Effects of acute salinity stress on the serum osmolality,serum ion concentrations,and ATPase activity in gill filaments of Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus)fed with diets containing different magnesium levels[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(9):1425.
[20]Havird J C,Henry R P,Wilson A E.Altered expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and other osmoregulatory genes in the gills of euryhaline animals in response to salinity transfer:A meta-analysis of 59quantitative PCR studies over 10years[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part D Genomics&Proteomics,2013,8(2):131.
[21] Evans A N,Lambert F N.Na+/K+-ATPaseα1mRNA expression in the gill and rectal gland of the Atlantic stingray,Dasyatis sabina,following acclimation to increased salinity[J].Bmc Research Notes,2015,8(1):219.
[22] Huang C Y,Chao P L,Lin H C.Na+/K+-ATPase and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase in the gills of the aquatic air-breathing fish Trichogaster microlepis in response to salinity variation[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2010,155(3):309-318.
[23] Hwang P P,Lee T H.New insights into fish ion regulation and mitochondrion-rich cells[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Molecular&Integrative Physiology,2007,148(3):479-497.
[24] Hirose S,Kaneko T,Naito N,et al.Molecular biology of major components of chloride cells[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part B Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,2003,136(4):593-620.
[25] Nordlie F G.The influence of environmental salinity on respiratory oxygen demands in the euryhaline teleost,ambassis interrupta bleeker[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Physiology,1978,59(3):271-274.
[26] Nordlie F G,Leffler C W.Ionic regulation and the energetics of osmoregulation in Mugil cephalus Lin[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Physiology,1975,51(1):125-131.
[27] Furspan P,Prange H D,Greenwald L.Energetics and osmoregulation in the catfish,Ictalurus nebulosus and I.Punctatus[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part A Physiology,1984,77(4):773-778.
[28] Rao G M.Oxygen consumption of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri)in relation to activity and salinity[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1968,46(4):781-786.
[29] Nordlie F G,Walsh S J,Haney D C,et al.The influence of ambient salinity on routine metabolism in the teleost Cyprinodon variegatus Lacepède[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1991,38(1):115-122.
[30] Toepfer C,Barton M.Influence of salinity on the rates of oxygen consumption in two species of freshwater fishes,Phoxinus erythrogaster(family Cyprinidae),and Fundulus catenatus(family Fundulidae)[J].Hydrobiologia,1992,242(3):149-154.
[31] Bushnell P G,Brill R W.Oxygen transport and cardiovascular responses in skipjack tuna(Katsuwonus pelamis)and yellowfin tuna(Thunnus albacares)exposed to acute hypoxia[J].Journal of Comparative Physiology B-biochemical Systemic&Environmental Physiology,1992,162(2):131-143.
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