哈尼梯田区降水稳定氢氧同位素的旱雨季变化特征及其影响因素
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摘要
水的稳定同位素(D和O)是水文过程的重要示踪剂。本文以哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区全福庄河扇形小流域为研究对象,通过采集流域内雨季和旱季的大气降水样品,并测定和分析氢氧同位素值(D和δ18O),得出以下结论:(1)研究区全年大气降水线方程为:δD=8.35δ~(18)O+22.41(R2=0.98,n=48),但年内旱季和雨季降水线方程的斜率和截距差异明显。(2)研究区大气降水中氢氧稳定同位素组成具有明显季节差异,雨季降水中氢氧同位素贫化,d值偏低;旱季降水氢氧同位素值相对偏正,d值偏高,这与我国季风区旱雨季水汽来源差异有关。(3)根据相关分析可知,温度、降水和相对湿度3个要素的变化是研究区降水同位素值变化的主要影响因素,但在不同的时间尺度下影响降水同位素变化的环境因素存在差异。(4)在年尺度下降水和相对湿度是主要的影响因素;在旱雨季尺度下,温度是雨季降水同位素值变化的主要因素,而温度、降水量和相对湿度对旱季降水同位素值变化的影响则不显著,旱季降水同位素δ18O值变化为三因素共同作用的结果。
The stable isotopes of water( D and O) are important tracers for hydrological processes. In this paper it took a fan-shaped watershed of the Quanfuzhuang River located at the core zone of the cultural landscape heritage of Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan,China as the research object,where 48 atmospheric precipitation samples in this basin were collected in rainy seasons and dry seasons separately,and then they were tested and analyzed for hydrogen and oxygen isotopes( δD and δ~(18) O) comparison. Conclusions were drawn:( 1) The meteoric water line equation for a year was: δD = 8. 35δ18 O + 22. 41( R~2= 0. 98,n = 48),and graphically the slopes and intercepts of the equation for dry season were quite different from those for rainy season.( 2) There was an obvious seasonal variation in the composition of precipitation hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope. During the rainy season they were lean with low d values,whereas in the dry seasons they were relatively positive with higher d values,suggesting that the differences were ascribable to the seasonal changes in the moisture sources of China monsoon regions.( 3) Correlation analysis revealed that temperature,precipitation,and relative humidity were the main three factors affecting the changes in precipitation isotope values,but they changed in response to different time scales. At an annual scale they were precipitation and relative humidity,but in rainy season it was only temperature significant.As for a dry season they were attributed to a combination of all the three factors.
The stable isotopes of water( D and O) are important tracers for hydrological processes. In this paper it took a fan-shaped watershed of the Quanfuzhuang River located at the core zone of the cultural landscape heritage of Hani Rice Terraces in Yunnan,China as the research object,where 48 atmospheric precipitation samples in this basin were collected in rainy seasons and dry seasons separately,and then they were tested and analyzed for hydrogen and oxygen isotopes( δD and δ~(18) O) comparison. Conclusions were drawn:( 1) The meteoric water line equation for a year was: δD = 8. 35δ18 O + 22. 41( R~2= 0. 98,n = 48),and graphically the slopes and intercepts of the equation for dry season were quite different from those for rainy season.( 2) There was an obvious seasonal variation in the composition of precipitation hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope. During the rainy season they were lean with low d values,whereas in the dry seasons they were relatively positive with higher d values,suggesting that the differences were ascribable to the seasonal changes in the moisture sources of China monsoon regions.( 3) Correlation analysis revealed that temperature,precipitation,and relative humidity were the main three factors affecting the changes in precipitation isotope values,but they changed in response to different time scales. At an annual scale they were precipitation and relative humidity,but in rainy season it was only temperature significant.As for a dry season they were attributed to a combination of all the three factors.
引文
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[5]庞朔光,赵诗坤,文蓉,等.海河流域大气降水中稳定同位素的时空变化[J].科学通报,2015,60(13):1218-1226[PANG Shuoguang,ZHAO Shikun,WEN Rong,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation in the Haihe River basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(13):1218-1226]
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[7]ARAGUASARAGUAS L,FROEHLICH K,ROZANSKI K.Stable isotope composition of precipitation over southeast Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,130(D22):28721-28742
[8]JOHNSON K R,INGRAM B L.Spatial and temporal variability in the stable isotope systematics of modern precipitation in China:implications for paleoclimate reconstructions[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,220(3):365-377
[9]LIU Z,TIAN L,CHAI X,et al.A model-based determination of spatial variation of precipitationδ18O over China[J].Chemical Geology,2008,249(1-2):203-212
[10]郭政昇,王娟,赵培.珠江流域大气降水稳定性氢氧同位素特征[J].水文,2017,37(02):78-82[GUO Zhengsheng,WANG Juan,ZHAO Pei.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in precipitation in Pearl River Basin[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2017,37(02):78-82]
[11]柳鉴容,宋献方,袁国富,等.中国东部季风区大气降水δ18O的特征及水汽来源[J].科学通报,2009,54(22):3521-3531[LIU Jianrong,SONG Xianfang,YUAN Guofu,et al.Characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation over Eastern Monsoon China and the water vapor sources[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2009,54(22):3521-3531]
[12]角媛梅.哈尼梯田自然与文化景观生态研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009:1-12[JIAO Yuanmei.Natural and cultural landscape ecology of Hani Rice Terraces[M].Beijing:Chinese Environmental Science Press.2009:1-12]
[13]张贵玲,角媛梅,刘澄静,等.哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域雨季大气降水氢氧同位素特征及影响因素[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(06):1701-1709[ZHANG Guiling,JIAO Yuanmei,LIU Chengjing,et al.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic of precipitation during the rainy season of the Malizhai River basin in Hani terraces:characteristics and impact factors[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(06):1701-1709]
[14]刘澄静,角媛梅,张贵玲,等.哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(05):1404-1410[LIU Chengjing,JIAO Yuanmei,ZHANG Guiling,et al.Altitude effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in spring water of the Malizhai River basin,Hani terrace[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(05):1404-1410]
[15]角媛梅,刘澄静,刘歆,等.哈尼梯田区优势景观类型对泉水氢氧同位素效应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(07):2299-2306[JIAO Yuanmai,LIU Chengjing,LIU Xin,et al.Impacts of dominated landscape types on hydrogen and oxygen isotope effects of spring water in the Hani Rice Terraces[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(07):2299-2306]
[16]章新平,关华德,孙治安,等.云南降水中稳定同位素变化的模拟和比较[J].地理科学,2012,32(01):121-128[ZHANG Xinping,GUAN Huade,SUN Zhian,et al.Simulations of stable isotopic variations in precipitation and comparison with measured values in Yunnan Province,China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(01):121-128]
[17]庞洪喜,何元庆,卢爱刚,等.天气尺度下丽江季风降水中δ18O变化[J].科学通报,2006,51(10):1218-1224[PANG Hongxi,HE Yuanqing,LU Aigang,et al.Synoptic-scalevariation ofδ18O in summer monsoon rainfall at Lijiang,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(10):2897-2904]
[18]陈曦,李志,程立平,等.黄土塬区大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素特征及水汽来源[J].生态学报,2016,36(01):98-106[CHEN Xi,LI Zhi,CHENG Liping,et al.Analysis of stable isotopic composition and vapor source of precipitation at the Changwu Loess Tableland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(01):98-106]
[19]林光辉.稳定同位素生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:58-75[LIN Guanghui.Stable isotope ecology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013:58-75]
[20]于静洁,宋献方,刘相超,等.基于δ(D)和δ(O18)及水化学的永定河流域地下水循环特征解析[J].自然资源学报.2007,22(3):415-421[YU Jingjie,SONG Xianfang,LIU Xiangchao,et al.A Study of groundwater cycle in Yongding River Basin by using dδD,δ18O and Hydrochemical Data[J].Journal of Natural Resources.2007,22(3):415-421]
[21]庞洪喜,何元庆,张忠林.新德里季风降水中过量氘与季风水汽来源[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(06):876-880[PANG Hongxi,HE Yuanqing,ZHANG Zhonglin.Correlation between deuterium excess in monsoon precipitation of New Delhi and the origin of precipitation[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(06):876-880]
[22]胡海英,黄华茂,杨健文.香港地区降水氢氧同位素多尺度演变特征分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2014,47(05):577-584,620[HU Haiying,HUANG Huamao,YANG Jianwen.Multi time scale variation of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation under changing environment in Hong Kong area[J].Engineer Journal of Wuhan University,2014,47(05):577-584,620]
[23]刘忠方,田立德,姚檀栋,等.雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O的时空变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(05):510-517[LIU Zhongfang,TIAN Lide,YAO Tandong,et al.Variations ofδ18O in precipitation of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(05):510-517
[24]张琳,陈宗宇,聂振龙,等.我国不同时间尺度的大气降水氧同位素与气温的相关性分析[J].核技术,2008,31(09):715-720[ZHANG Lin,CHEN Zongyu,NIE Zhenlong,et al.Correlation betweenδ18O in precipitation and surface air temperature on different time-scale in China[J].Nuclear Techniques,2008,31(09):715-720]
[2]李晖,周宏飞.乌鲁木齐地区大气降水中δD和δ18O的变化特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007,21(09):46-50[LI Hui,ZHOU Hongfei.Variation characteristics ofδD andδ18O stable isotope in the precipitation of Urumqi[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2007,21(09):46-50]
[3]KOSTER R D,JOUZEL J,SUOZZO R,et al.Global sources of local precipitation as determined by the NASS/GISS GCM[J].Geophysical Research Letters,1986,13(2):121-124
[4]李亚举,张明军,王圣杰,等.我国大气降水中稳定同位素研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(3):624-633[LI Yaju,ZHANG Mingjun,WANG Shengjie,et al.Progress of the research of stable isotope in precipitation in China:a review[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2011,33(3):624-633]
[5]庞朔光,赵诗坤,文蓉,等.海河流域大气降水中稳定同位素的时空变化[J].科学通报,2015,60(13):1218-1226[PANG Shuoguang,ZHAO Shikun,WEN Rong,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of stable isotopes in precipitation in the Haihe River basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,2015,60(13):1218-1226]
[6]刘鑫,宋献方,夏军,等.黄土高原岔巴沟流域降水氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源初探[J].资源科学,2007,29(3):29-66[LIU Xin,SONG Xianfan,XIA Jun,et al.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and preliminary analysis of vapor source for precipitation in Chabagou Catchment of the Loess Plateau[J].Resources Science,2007,29(3):29-66]
[7]ARAGUASARAGUAS L,FROEHLICH K,ROZANSKI K.Stable isotope composition of precipitation over southeast Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,130(D22):28721-28742
[8]JOHNSON K R,INGRAM B L.Spatial and temporal variability in the stable isotope systematics of modern precipitation in China:implications for paleoclimate reconstructions[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,220(3):365-377
[9]LIU Z,TIAN L,CHAI X,et al.A model-based determination of spatial variation of precipitationδ18O over China[J].Chemical Geology,2008,249(1-2):203-212
[10]郭政昇,王娟,赵培.珠江流域大气降水稳定性氢氧同位素特征[J].水文,2017,37(02):78-82[GUO Zhengsheng,WANG Juan,ZHAO Pei.Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in precipitation in Pearl River Basin[J].Journal of China Hydrology,2017,37(02):78-82]
[11]柳鉴容,宋献方,袁国富,等.中国东部季风区大气降水δ18O的特征及水汽来源[J].科学通报,2009,54(22):3521-3531[LIU Jianrong,SONG Xianfang,YUAN Guofu,et al.Characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation over Eastern Monsoon China and the water vapor sources[J].Chinese Sci Bull,2009,54(22):3521-3531]
[12]角媛梅.哈尼梯田自然与文化景观生态研究[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009:1-12[JIAO Yuanmei.Natural and cultural landscape ecology of Hani Rice Terraces[M].Beijing:Chinese Environmental Science Press.2009:1-12]
[13]张贵玲,角媛梅,刘澄静,等.哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域雨季大气降水氢氧同位素特征及影响因素[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(06):1701-1709[ZHANG Guiling,JIAO Yuanmei,LIU Chengjing,et al.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic of precipitation during the rainy season of the Malizhai River basin in Hani terraces:characteristics and impact factors[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(06):1701-1709]
[14]刘澄静,角媛梅,张贵玲,等.哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(05):1404-1410[LIU Chengjing,JIAO Yuanmei,ZHANG Guiling,et al.Altitude effect of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in spring water of the Malizhai River basin,Hani terrace[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(05):1404-1410]
[15]角媛梅,刘澄静,刘歆,等.哈尼梯田区优势景观类型对泉水氢氧同位素效应的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(07):2299-2306[JIAO Yuanmai,LIU Chengjing,LIU Xin,et al.Impacts of dominated landscape types on hydrogen and oxygen isotope effects of spring water in the Hani Rice Terraces[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(07):2299-2306]
[16]章新平,关华德,孙治安,等.云南降水中稳定同位素变化的模拟和比较[J].地理科学,2012,32(01):121-128[ZHANG Xinping,GUAN Huade,SUN Zhian,et al.Simulations of stable isotopic variations in precipitation and comparison with measured values in Yunnan Province,China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(01):121-128]
[17]庞洪喜,何元庆,卢爱刚,等.天气尺度下丽江季风降水中δ18O变化[J].科学通报,2006,51(10):1218-1224[PANG Hongxi,HE Yuanqing,LU Aigang,et al.Synoptic-scalevariation ofδ18O in summer monsoon rainfall at Lijiang,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(10):2897-2904]
[18]陈曦,李志,程立平,等.黄土塬区大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素特征及水汽来源[J].生态学报,2016,36(01):98-106[CHEN Xi,LI Zhi,CHENG Liping,et al.Analysis of stable isotopic composition and vapor source of precipitation at the Changwu Loess Tableland[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(01):98-106]
[19]林光辉.稳定同位素生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:58-75[LIN Guanghui.Stable isotope ecology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2013:58-75]
[20]于静洁,宋献方,刘相超,等.基于δ(D)和δ(O18)及水化学的永定河流域地下水循环特征解析[J].自然资源学报.2007,22(3):415-421[YU Jingjie,SONG Xianfang,LIU Xiangchao,et al.A Study of groundwater cycle in Yongding River Basin by using dδD,δ18O and Hydrochemical Data[J].Journal of Natural Resources.2007,22(3):415-421]
[21]庞洪喜,何元庆,张忠林.新德里季风降水中过量氘与季风水汽来源[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(06):876-880[PANG Hongxi,HE Yuanqing,ZHANG Zhonglin.Correlation between deuterium excess in monsoon precipitation of New Delhi and the origin of precipitation[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(06):876-880]
[22]胡海英,黄华茂,杨健文.香港地区降水氢氧同位素多尺度演变特征分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2014,47(05):577-584,620[HU Haiying,HUANG Huamao,YANG Jianwen.Multi time scale variation of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation under changing environment in Hong Kong area[J].Engineer Journal of Wuhan University,2014,47(05):577-584,620]
[23]刘忠方,田立德,姚檀栋,等.雅鲁藏布江流域降水中δ18O的时空变化[J].地理学报,2007,62(05):510-517[LIU Zhongfang,TIAN Lide,YAO Tandong,et al.Variations ofδ18O in precipitation of the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(05):510-517
[24]张琳,陈宗宇,聂振龙,等.我国不同时间尺度的大气降水氧同位素与气温的相关性分析[J].核技术,2008,31(09):715-720[ZHANG Lin,CHEN Zongyu,NIE Zhenlong,et al.Correlation betweenδ18O in precipitation and surface air temperature on different time-scale in China[J].Nuclear Techniques,2008,31(09):715-720]