钢轨踏面的空气耦合超声检测方法
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摘要
该文针对钢轨踏面浅表面裂纹提出非接触空气耦合超声类瑞利波的检测方法。首先利用半有限元法求解了CHN60型钢轨的振动模式,抽出了钢轨轨头踏面的振动模态结构和频散曲线,并搭建实验系统,根据Snell法则和声源在空气中的声场分布确定了检测参数,最后从理论和实验两方面着手对钢轨踏面浅表面裂纹的有无及裂纹大小进行了实验分析和数值计算,其结果非常吻合,证明了空气耦合超声导波检测方法的可行性和可靠性。
In this paper, a non-contact air-coupled ultrasonic Rayleigh wave detection method is proposed for shallow surface cracks on rail treads. Firstly, the vibration mode of CHN60 rail head is solved by semi-finite element method. The vibration mode structure and dispersion curve of the rail head tread are extracted, and an experimental system is built. The detection parameters are determined according to Snell rule and the sound field distribution of sound source in the air. Finally, the experimental analysis and numerical calculation of cracks on the shallow surface of rail tread are carried out from both theoretical and experimental aspects. The results are in good agreement, which demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the air-coupled ultrasonic guided wave detection method.
In this paper, a non-contact air-coupled ultrasonic Rayleigh wave detection method is proposed for shallow surface cracks on rail treads. Firstly, the vibration mode of CHN60 rail head is solved by semi-finite element method. The vibration mode structure and dispersion curve of the rail head tread are extracted, and an experimental system is built. The detection parameters are determined according to Snell rule and the sound field distribution of sound source in the air. Finally, the experimental analysis and numerical calculation of cracks on the shallow surface of rail tread are carried out from both theoretical and experimental aspects. The results are in good agreement, which demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the air-coupled ultrasonic guided wave detection method.
引文
[1]方配丰,熊晨彩,陈智江,等.地铁车辆一系列簧断裂问题的试验研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2018(18):53-55.
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[5]米武军.基于电磁超声表面波的钢轨轨头缺陷检测方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[6]张清华.基于超声和涡流的复合式无损检测技术[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[7]常俊杰,小仓幸夫,川嶋紘一郎.空气耦合超声波的非破坏检查及成像处理[C].全球华人无损检测高峰论坛,2011:157-164.
[8]常俊杰,卢超,小仓幸夫.非接触空气耦合超声检测原理及应用研究[J].无损探伤,2013,37(4):6-11.
[9]常俊杰,魏强,卢超.非接触空气耦合超声波钢板探伤的应用研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2015,33(11):829-834.Chang Junjie,Wei Qiang,Lu Chao.Research of noncontact air coupled ultrasonic crack detection testing and imaging[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2015,33(11):829-834.
[10]Wilcox P,Evans M,Pavlakovic B,et al.Guided wave testing of rail[J].Insight Non Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2003,45(6):413-420.
[11]Cawley P,Lowe M J S,Alleyne D N,et al.Practical long range guided wave testing:applications to pipes and rail[J].Materials Evaluation,2003,61(1):66-74.
[12]Hayashi T,Song W J,Rose J L.Guided wave dispersion curves for a bar with an arbitrary cross-section,a rod and rail example[J].Ultrasonics,2003,41(3):175-183.
[13]Hayashi T,Kawashima K,Sun Z,et al.Analysis of flexural mode focusing by a semianalytical finite element method[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003,113(3):1241-1248.
[14]卢超,杨雪娟,戴翔,等.钢轨中导波传播模式的半解析有限元分析与试验测量[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(6):79-86.Lu Chao,Yang Xuejuan,Dai Xiang,et al.Semi-analytical FEM analysis and experimental measurement for propagating guided waves modes in rail[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(6):79-86.
[15]导轨底部边缘的非破坏性评估[A].国际无损检测委员会、第十七届世界无损检测会议组委会、第十七届世界无损检测会议组委会.第17届世界无损检测会议组委会,2008:1.
[2]马晓川.高速铁路道岔直尖轨滚动接触疲劳行为与优化控制研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2018.
[3]于月平.DF8B机车车轮踏面剥离问题初探[J].集宁师专学报,2009,31(4):70-73.Yu Yueping.Discussion on the issue of tread-stripped of DF8B locomotive wheel[J].Journal of Jining Normal University,2009,31(4):70-73.
[4]索会迎.超声波无损检测技术应用研究[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2012.
[5]米武军.基于电磁超声表面波的钢轨轨头缺陷检测方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2011.
[6]张清华.基于超声和涡流的复合式无损检测技术[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.
[7]常俊杰,小仓幸夫,川嶋紘一郎.空气耦合超声波的非破坏检查及成像处理[C].全球华人无损检测高峰论坛,2011:157-164.
[8]常俊杰,卢超,小仓幸夫.非接触空气耦合超声检测原理及应用研究[J].无损探伤,2013,37(4):6-11.
[9]常俊杰,魏强,卢超.非接触空气耦合超声波钢板探伤的应用研究[J].浙江理工大学学报,2015,33(11):829-834.Chang Junjie,Wei Qiang,Lu Chao.Research of noncontact air coupled ultrasonic crack detection testing and imaging[J].Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2015,33(11):829-834.
[10]Wilcox P,Evans M,Pavlakovic B,et al.Guided wave testing of rail[J].Insight Non Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring,2003,45(6):413-420.
[11]Cawley P,Lowe M J S,Alleyne D N,et al.Practical long range guided wave testing:applications to pipes and rail[J].Materials Evaluation,2003,61(1):66-74.
[12]Hayashi T,Song W J,Rose J L.Guided wave dispersion curves for a bar with an arbitrary cross-section,a rod and rail example[J].Ultrasonics,2003,41(3):175-183.
[13]Hayashi T,Kawashima K,Sun Z,et al.Analysis of flexural mode focusing by a semianalytical finite element method[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003,113(3):1241-1248.
[14]卢超,杨雪娟,戴翔,等.钢轨中导波传播模式的半解析有限元分析与试验测量[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(6):79-86.Lu Chao,Yang Xuejuan,Dai Xiang,et al.Semi-analytical FEM analysis and experimental measurement for propagating guided waves modes in rail[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(6):79-86.
[15]导轨底部边缘的非破坏性评估[A].国际无损检测委员会、第十七届世界无损检测会议组委会、第十七届世界无损检测会议组委会.第17届世界无损检测会议组委会,2008:1.