赣江下游一级支流鱼类多样性比较分析
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摘要
分析锦江、袁河鱼类群落结构与种类多样性的时空动态特征,以期为鱼类资源的管理与保护提供科学依据,并为深入研究赣江流域的鱼类多样性及梯级枢纽运行的生态调度奠定基础。2014年3月-2015年2月,按季节对锦江的高安、上高江段和袁河的宜春、新余江段渔获物进行调查,调查渔具以刺网(网目规格分别为200、120、80、40和20 mm)和电拖网为主。调查期间共采集鱼类3目11科47属67种,种类以鲤科为主,占68.66%。锦江3目7科36属51种,袁河3目10科32属36种;银鲴、鲫、银鮈、蛇鮈为锦江的优势种,银鮈、彩石鳑鲏、鲫、棒花鱼为袁河的优势种;鱼类群落的Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数均表现为锦江略高于袁河;丰度生物量比较曲线显示,锦江的鱼类群落结构处于中度干扰状态,而袁河的处于严重干扰状态。锦江和袁河的鱼类群落与种类多样性存在一定的差异。
Ganjiang River, the largest river in the Poyang Lake system, plays an important role in maintaining the fish diversity and ecological integrity of Poyang Lake. The aquatic ecosystem and fish community in the Ganjiang River basin face severe challenges due to excessive fishing, water pollution, gold mining and construction of a water conservancy project. The spatial-temporal dynamics of the fishery and species diversity in the Jinjiang and Yuanhe Rivers were investigated to better understand the status of fish resources in two first-level tributaries of the lower Ganjiang River and lay a foundation for further study of fish community diversity in the Ganjiang River basin. Seasonal surveys were carried out from March 2014 to February 2015 in the Gaoan and Shanggao sections of Jinjiang River and the Yichun and Xinyu sections of Yuanhe River using gill nets(mesh sizes of 200, 120, 80, 40 and 20 mm) and electric trawls. A total of 67 species, belonging to 3 orders, 11 families and 47 genera were collected during the investigation. Cyprinids were the dominant, accounting for 68.66% of the total species. In comparing the fish communities and species diversity in the Jinjiang River and Yuanhe rivers, four differences were observed.(1) In Jinjiang River, 51 species from 3 orders, 7 families and 36 genera were collected and in Yuanhe River, 36 species from 3 orders, 10 families and 32 genera were collected.(2) In Jinjiang River, the dominant species were Xenocypris macrolepis, Carassius auratus, Squalidus argentatus and Saurogobio dabryi and in Yuanhe River, the dominant species were Squalidus argentatus, Rhodeus lighti, Carassius auratus and Abbottina rivularis.(3) The Margalef abundance index(D), Shannon-wiener diversity index(H′) and Pielou evenness index(J′) in Jinjiang River were, respectively, 7.67, 3.11 and 0.79, slightly higher than in the Yuanhe River, where the respective values were 7.11, 2.53 and 0.70.(4) Analysis of the abundance-biomass comparison curves(ABC) indicates that the fish community structure is moderately disturbed in the Jinjiang River and seriously disturbed in the Yuanhe River.
Ganjiang River, the largest river in the Poyang Lake system, plays an important role in maintaining the fish diversity and ecological integrity of Poyang Lake. The aquatic ecosystem and fish community in the Ganjiang River basin face severe challenges due to excessive fishing, water pollution, gold mining and construction of a water conservancy project. The spatial-temporal dynamics of the fishery and species diversity in the Jinjiang and Yuanhe Rivers were investigated to better understand the status of fish resources in two first-level tributaries of the lower Ganjiang River and lay a foundation for further study of fish community diversity in the Ganjiang River basin. Seasonal surveys were carried out from March 2014 to February 2015 in the Gaoan and Shanggao sections of Jinjiang River and the Yichun and Xinyu sections of Yuanhe River using gill nets(mesh sizes of 200, 120, 80, 40 and 20 mm) and electric trawls. A total of 67 species, belonging to 3 orders, 11 families and 47 genera were collected during the investigation. Cyprinids were the dominant, accounting for 68.66% of the total species. In comparing the fish communities and species diversity in the Jinjiang River and Yuanhe rivers, four differences were observed.(1) In Jinjiang River, 51 species from 3 orders, 7 families and 36 genera were collected and in Yuanhe River, 36 species from 3 orders, 10 families and 32 genera were collected.(2) In Jinjiang River, the dominant species were Xenocypris macrolepis, Carassius auratus, Squalidus argentatus and Saurogobio dabryi and in Yuanhe River, the dominant species were Squalidus argentatus, Rhodeus lighti, Carassius auratus and Abbottina rivularis.(3) The Margalef abundance index(D), Shannon-wiener diversity index(H′) and Pielou evenness index(J′) in Jinjiang River were, respectively, 7.67, 3.11 and 0.79, slightly higher than in the Yuanhe River, where the respective values were 7.11, 2.53 and 0.70.(4) Analysis of the abundance-biomass comparison curves(ABC) indicates that the fish community structure is moderately disturbed in the Jinjiang River and seriously disturbed in the Yuanhe River.
引文
陈小华,李小平,程曦,2008.黄浦江和苏州河上游鱼类多样性组成的时空特征[J].生物多样性,(2):191-196.
邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民,1986.渤海鱼类食物关系的初步研究[J].生态学报,(4):356-364.
郭治之,鄒多祿,刘瑞蘭,等,1964.鄱阳湖鱼类调查报告(江西野生动物资源调查报告之一)[J].江西大学学报,(2):121-130.
郭治之,刘瑞兰,1995.江西鱼类的研究[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),(3):222-232.
何斌源,邓朝亮,罗砚,2004.环境扰动对钦州港潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].广西科学,(2):143-147.
何力,张斌,刘绍平,等,2007.汉江中下游水文特点与渔业资源状况[J].生态学杂志,(11):1788-1792.
胡茂林,吴志强,李晴,等,2001.江西赣江源自然保护区鱼类物种多样性初步研究[J].四川动物,(3):467-470.
胡茂林,吴志强,周辉明,等,2005.鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区渔业特点及资源现状[J].长江流域资源与环境,(5):561-565.
胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰,2010.赣江中游泰和江段的鱼类资源现状[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),(1):90-93.
胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰,2011.鄱阳湖湖口水域鱼类群落结构及种类多样性[J].湖泊科学,(2):246-250.
胡锋平,侯娟,罗健文,等,2010.赣江南昌段污染负荷及水环境容量分析[J].环境科学与技术,(12):192-195,205.
黄一,余锦龙,陈文姬,等,2014.赣江流域规划梯级重要水利枢纽工程的环境影响分析[J].江西科学,(5):699-703.
江西省水文局,2007.江西水系[M].武汉:长江出版社.
刘建康,1999.高级水生生物学[J].北京:科学出版社.
田见龙,1989.万安大坝截流前赣江鱼类调查及渔业利用意见[J].淡水渔业,(1):33-39.
王毛兰,周文斌,胡春华,2007.枯水期赣江流域氮磷的分布特征[J].地球与环境,(2):166-170.
杨威,邓道贵,孟小丽,等,2011.赣江下游及其支流浮游甲壳动物的群落结构[J].生态科学,30(5):547-552.
杨少荣,黎明政,朱其广,等,2015.鄱阳湖鱼类群落结构及其时空动态[J].长江流域资源与环境,(1):54-64.
曾泽国,张笑辰,刘观华,等,2015.鄱阳湖子湖“堑秋湖”渔业资源结构特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,(6):1021-1029.
邹淑珍,2011.赣江中游大型水利工程对鱼类及其生态环境的影响研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
张建铭,吴志强,胡茂林,等,2009.赣江中游峡江段鱼类资源现状[J].江西科学,(6):916-919.
张建铭,2010.赣江峡江段四大家鱼资源及其遗传多样性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
张方方,张萌,刘足根,等,2011.基于底栖生物完整性指数的赣江流域河流健康评价[J].水生生物学报,(6):963-971.
张觉民,何志辉,1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社:242-298.
张堂林,李钟杰,2007.鄱阳湖鱼类资源及渔业利用[J].湖泊科学,(4):434-444.
中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会,2000.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲、鲤形目:下卷[M].北京:科学出版社.
朱松泉,1995.中国淡水鱼类系统检索[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
朱朝晖,2009.赣江樟树段水环境及水污染控制研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
周晓,葛振鸣,施文彧,等,2007.长江口新生湿地大型底栖动物群落时空变化格局[J].生态学杂志,(3):372-377.
Clarke KR,Warwick RM,2001.Change in marine communities:An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[J].Plymouth:Primper-ELtd.
Liu XJ,Ao XF,Ning ZT,et al,2017.Diversity of fish species in suichuan river and shushui river and conservation value,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,100:493-507.
Warwick RM,Pearson TH,Roswahyumi,1987.Detection of pollution effects on marine macrobenthos:further evaluation of the species abundance/biomass method[J].Mar Biol,95:192-200.
邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民,1986.渤海鱼类食物关系的初步研究[J].生态学报,(4):356-364.
郭治之,鄒多祿,刘瑞蘭,等,1964.鄱阳湖鱼类调查报告(江西野生动物资源调查报告之一)[J].江西大学学报,(2):121-130.
郭治之,刘瑞兰,1995.江西鱼类的研究[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),(3):222-232.
何斌源,邓朝亮,罗砚,2004.环境扰动对钦州港潮间带大型底栖动物群落的影响[J].广西科学,(2):143-147.
何力,张斌,刘绍平,等,2007.汉江中下游水文特点与渔业资源状况[J].生态学杂志,(11):1788-1792.
胡茂林,吴志强,李晴,等,2001.江西赣江源自然保护区鱼类物种多样性初步研究[J].四川动物,(3):467-470.
胡茂林,吴志强,周辉明,等,2005.鄱阳湖南矶山自然保护区渔业特点及资源现状[J].长江流域资源与环境,(5):561-565.
胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰,2010.赣江中游泰和江段的鱼类资源现状[J].南昌大学学报(理科版),(1):90-93.
胡茂林,吴志强,刘引兰,2011.鄱阳湖湖口水域鱼类群落结构及种类多样性[J].湖泊科学,(2):246-250.
胡锋平,侯娟,罗健文,等,2010.赣江南昌段污染负荷及水环境容量分析[J].环境科学与技术,(12):192-195,205.
黄一,余锦龙,陈文姬,等,2014.赣江流域规划梯级重要水利枢纽工程的环境影响分析[J].江西科学,(5):699-703.
江西省水文局,2007.江西水系[M].武汉:长江出版社.
刘建康,1999.高级水生生物学[J].北京:科学出版社.
田见龙,1989.万安大坝截流前赣江鱼类调查及渔业利用意见[J].淡水渔业,(1):33-39.
王毛兰,周文斌,胡春华,2007.枯水期赣江流域氮磷的分布特征[J].地球与环境,(2):166-170.
杨威,邓道贵,孟小丽,等,2011.赣江下游及其支流浮游甲壳动物的群落结构[J].生态科学,30(5):547-552.
杨少荣,黎明政,朱其广,等,2015.鄱阳湖鱼类群落结构及其时空动态[J].长江流域资源与环境,(1):54-64.
曾泽国,张笑辰,刘观华,等,2015.鄱阳湖子湖“堑秋湖”渔业资源结构特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,(6):1021-1029.
邹淑珍,2011.赣江中游大型水利工程对鱼类及其生态环境的影响研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
张建铭,吴志强,胡茂林,等,2009.赣江中游峡江段鱼类资源现状[J].江西科学,(6):916-919.
张建铭,2010.赣江峡江段四大家鱼资源及其遗传多样性研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
张方方,张萌,刘足根,等,2011.基于底栖生物完整性指数的赣江流域河流健康评价[J].水生生物学报,(6):963-971.
张觉民,何志辉,1991.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社:242-298.
张堂林,李钟杰,2007.鄱阳湖鱼类资源及渔业利用[J].湖泊科学,(4):434-444.
中国科学院中国动物志编辑委员会,2000.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲、鲤形目:下卷[M].北京:科学出版社.
朱松泉,1995.中国淡水鱼类系统检索[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社.
朱朝晖,2009.赣江樟树段水环境及水污染控制研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.
周晓,葛振鸣,施文彧,等,2007.长江口新生湿地大型底栖动物群落时空变化格局[J].生态学杂志,(3):372-377.
Clarke KR,Warwick RM,2001.Change in marine communities:An approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[J].Plymouth:Primper-ELtd.
Liu XJ,Ao XF,Ning ZT,et al,2017.Diversity of fish species in suichuan river and shushui river and conservation value,China[J].Environmental Biology of Fishes,100:493-507.
Warwick RM,Pearson TH,Roswahyumi,1987.Detection of pollution effects on marine macrobenthos:further evaluation of the species abundance/biomass method[J].Mar Biol,95:192-200.