大豆田三种捕食性天敌对大豆蚜种群的控制作用
|
摘要
为明确田间多种天敌昆虫对大豆蚜的防治效果,2012和2013连续2年于哈尔滨地区,采用田间罩笼研究了3种优势天敌异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫和日本通草蛉对大豆蚜的捕食作用。通过4因子二次回归通用旋转组合设计及其方程,分析了不同天敌与大豆蚜之间及天敌之间的相互关系。结果表明,决定田间大豆蚜数量的各因素中,主效应作用由大到小分别为大豆蚜初始量、异色瓢虫量、龟纹瓢虫量和日本通草蛉量;通过模型筛选出3种天敌对蚜虫控制作用的优化组合:2株大豆蚜虫数量在100头时,成虫组合异色瓢虫成虫、龟纹瓢虫成虫和日本通草蛉末龄幼虫分别为6、1和4头,天敌防效84.60%;幼虫组合均为3头,天敌防效98.89%;蚜虫数量大于100头时,成虫组合异色瓢虫成虫、龟纹瓢虫成虫和日本通草蛉末龄幼虫分别为6、4头和0头,天敌防效42.33%~52.17%;幼虫组合3种幼虫均为4头,天敌防效为33.68%~73.17%。结果进一步验证了3种天敌昆虫均有效地抑制蚜虫数量增长,昆虫共存系统中不同物种种内或种间存在干扰作用。
In order to explicit the control effect of natural enemies on soybean aphid, the predatory functions of three dominant natural enemies(Harmonia axyridis, Propylaea japonica and Chrysoperla nipponensis) against soybean aphids were investigated in fields in Harbin 2012—2013. Using four factors quadratic regression general rotational combination design and its equation, the relationship between natural enemies and soybean aphids was analyzed. The factors determining soybean aphid population size were ranked as initial soybean aphid number>H.axyridi number>P. japonica number>C. nipponensis number. The optimized combination of natural enemies for soybean aphid control was: adults of H. axyridis(6), P. japonica(1) and C. nipponensis(4) for 100 aphids on two soybean plants, which resulted in 84.60% combined control of aphids; and combination of three larvae of each of the three predators achieved aphid control of 98.89%. When aphid infestation was increased above 100 on the two soybean plants, combination of 6 H. axyridis and 4 P. japonica adults achieved aphid control of 42.33%—52.17%,and combination of 4 larvae of each of the three predators caused aphid mortality of 33.68%—73.17%. The results indicate that natural enemies are effective for control of soybean aphids.
In order to explicit the control effect of natural enemies on soybean aphid, the predatory functions of three dominant natural enemies(Harmonia axyridis, Propylaea japonica and Chrysoperla nipponensis) against soybean aphids were investigated in fields in Harbin 2012—2013. Using four factors quadratic regression general rotational combination design and its equation, the relationship between natural enemies and soybean aphids was analyzed. The factors determining soybean aphid population size were ranked as initial soybean aphid number>H.axyridi number>P. japonica number>C. nipponensis number. The optimized combination of natural enemies for soybean aphid control was: adults of H. axyridis(6), P. japonica(1) and C. nipponensis(4) for 100 aphids on two soybean plants, which resulted in 84.60% combined control of aphids; and combination of three larvae of each of the three predators achieved aphid control of 98.89%. When aphid infestation was increased above 100 on the two soybean plants, combination of 6 H. axyridis and 4 P. japonica adults achieved aphid control of 42.33%—52.17%,and combination of 4 larvae of each of the three predators caused aphid mortality of 33.68%—73.17%. The results indicate that natural enemies are effective for control of soybean aphids.
引文
[1]许国庆,陈彦,王兴亚,等.大豆蚜对环境的适应及对大豆产量的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(6):1638-1645.
[2]刘健,赵奎军.大豆蚜的生物学防治技术[J].昆虫知识,2007,44(2):179-185.
[3]孙博,梁书宝,赵伟霞.1998年绥化地区大豆蚜大发生原因分析及防治对策[J].大豆通报,2000,(1):8.
[4]Denholm I,Rowland M.Tactics for managing pesticide resistance in arthropods:theory and practice[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1992,37(1):91-112.
[5]Gill K A.Development of best-practices for conserving beneficial insects within Iowa’s agricultural landscape[D].Iowa:Iowa State University,2013.
[6]戴长春,刘健,赵奎军,等.大豆田中大豆蚜天敌昆虫群落结构分析[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(1):82-85.
[7]戴长春.大豆蚜(Aphis glycines Matsumura)种群动态及天敌控制作用研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2005.
[8]Liu J,Xu W,Wang Q,et al.Insect predators in northeast China and their impacts on Aphis glycines[J].The Canadian Entomologist,2012,144(6):745-755.
[9]王海建,蒋春先,陈瑶,等.七星瓢虫对大豆蚜的捕食功能反应研究[J].大豆科学,2013,32(3):389-392.
[10]林志伟,王丽艳,孙强,等.异色瓢虫对两种蚜虫捕食作用的初步研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1999,11(1):26-28.
[11]Fox T B,Landis D A,Cardoso F F,et al.Predators suppress Aphis glycines Matsumura population growth in soybean[J].Environmental Entomology,2004,33(3):608-618.
[12]Desneux N,Oneil R J,Yoo H J S.Suppression of population growth of the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines Matsumura,by predators:the identification of a key predator and the effects of prey dispersion,predator abundance,and temperature[J].Environmental Entomology,2006,35(5):1342-1349.
[13]Donaldson J R,Myers S W,Gratton C.Density-dependent responses of soybean aphid(Aphis glycines Matsumura)populations to generalist predators in mid to late season soybean fields[J].Biological Control,2007,43(1):111-118.
[14]杨益众,庞雄飞,梁广文.棉田优势天敌对棉铃虫种群的控制作用[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):612-617.
[15]吴进才,沈斌斌,庞雄飞.二次回归旋转组合设计在害虫天敌捕食效应研究中的应用[J].华南农业大学学报,1990,11(2):16-24.
[16]刘兴龙.黑龙江大豆蚜对大豆危害及产量损失的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[17]刘树生.天敌动物对害虫控制作用的评估方法及其应用策略[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(1):1-7.
[18]Meihls L N,Clark T L,Bailey W C,et al.Population growth of soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,under varying levels of predator exclusion[J].Journal of Insect Science,2010,10(1):144.
[19]Costamagna A C,Landis D A,Brewer M J.The role of natural enemy guilds in Aphis glycines suppression[J].Biological Control,2008,45(3):368-379.
[20]Ragsdale D W,Landis D A,Brodeur J,et al.Ecology and management of the soybean aphid in North America[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2011,56(1):375-399.
[21]Liu J,Wu K,Hopper K R,et al.Population dynamics of Aphis glycines(Homoptera:Aphididae)and its natural enemies in soybean in northern China[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2004,97(2):235-239.
[2]刘健,赵奎军.大豆蚜的生物学防治技术[J].昆虫知识,2007,44(2):179-185.
[3]孙博,梁书宝,赵伟霞.1998年绥化地区大豆蚜大发生原因分析及防治对策[J].大豆通报,2000,(1):8.
[4]Denholm I,Rowland M.Tactics for managing pesticide resistance in arthropods:theory and practice[J].Annual Review of Entomology,1992,37(1):91-112.
[5]Gill K A.Development of best-practices for conserving beneficial insects within Iowa’s agricultural landscape[D].Iowa:Iowa State University,2013.
[6]戴长春,刘健,赵奎军,等.大豆田中大豆蚜天敌昆虫群落结构分析[J].昆虫知识,2009,46(1):82-85.
[7]戴长春.大豆蚜(Aphis glycines Matsumura)种群动态及天敌控制作用研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2005.
[8]Liu J,Xu W,Wang Q,et al.Insect predators in northeast China and their impacts on Aphis glycines[J].The Canadian Entomologist,2012,144(6):745-755.
[9]王海建,蒋春先,陈瑶,等.七星瓢虫对大豆蚜的捕食功能反应研究[J].大豆科学,2013,32(3):389-392.
[10]林志伟,王丽艳,孙强,等.异色瓢虫对两种蚜虫捕食作用的初步研究[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,1999,11(1):26-28.
[11]Fox T B,Landis D A,Cardoso F F,et al.Predators suppress Aphis glycines Matsumura population growth in soybean[J].Environmental Entomology,2004,33(3):608-618.
[12]Desneux N,Oneil R J,Yoo H J S.Suppression of population growth of the soybean aphid,Aphis glycines Matsumura,by predators:the identification of a key predator and the effects of prey dispersion,predator abundance,and temperature[J].Environmental Entomology,2006,35(5):1342-1349.
[13]Donaldson J R,Myers S W,Gratton C.Density-dependent responses of soybean aphid(Aphis glycines Matsumura)populations to generalist predators in mid to late season soybean fields[J].Biological Control,2007,43(1):111-118.
[14]杨益众,庞雄飞,梁广文.棉田优势天敌对棉铃虫种群的控制作用[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):612-617.
[15]吴进才,沈斌斌,庞雄飞.二次回归旋转组合设计在害虫天敌捕食效应研究中的应用[J].华南农业大学学报,1990,11(2):16-24.
[16]刘兴龙.黑龙江大豆蚜对大豆危害及产量损失的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[17]刘树生.天敌动物对害虫控制作用的评估方法及其应用策略[J].中国生物防治,2004,20(1):1-7.
[18]Meihls L N,Clark T L,Bailey W C,et al.Population growth of soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,under varying levels of predator exclusion[J].Journal of Insect Science,2010,10(1):144.
[19]Costamagna A C,Landis D A,Brewer M J.The role of natural enemy guilds in Aphis glycines suppression[J].Biological Control,2008,45(3):368-379.
[20]Ragsdale D W,Landis D A,Brodeur J,et al.Ecology and management of the soybean aphid in North America[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2011,56(1):375-399.
[21]Liu J,Wu K,Hopper K R,et al.Population dynamics of Aphis glycines(Homoptera:Aphididae)and its natural enemies in soybean in northern China[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2004,97(2):235-239.