一种多谐波联合起动的新型无刷双馈电动机
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摘要
由于无刷双馈电动机在起动过程中存在起动转矩小、起动电流大,以及对电网和电机造成冲击大等问题,使得电机起动性能达不到工业要求。将复合线圈结构引入到无刷双馈电机的转子绕组,并与定子磁动势谐波理论相结合,提出一种多谐波联合起动的方法,以改善电机的起动性能。介绍定子两套绕组的接线方式及其不同状态时的通电方式,分析转子结构在起动状态和运行状态下的工作原理。利用时步有限元法对电机在不同负载下的起动转矩、起动电流进行仿真分析,对比无刷双馈电机多谐波联合起动和异步起动的起动性能。通过仿真与试验验证绕组设计的正确性,其结果表明,该方法提高了起动转矩,减小了起动电流和对电网的冲击,具有一定的理论研究和实际应用价值。
With the problems of small starting torque,large starting current and large impact on the power grid during the starting process, the starting performance of the brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM) can't meet the requirements of industrial application. With the composite coil structure adopted by the rotor winding of BDFM and based on the magnetic motive force(MMF) harmonic theory of stator winding, this paper presented a kind of multiharmonic combined starting method to improve the starting performance of the BDFM. The connection mode of two sets of stator windings and their on-off state in different working conditions were introduced in the paper, the function principle of the rotor structure in both starting condition and operating condition were analyzed. The starting torque and starting current of the machine under different loads were analyzed based on the simulations established by the finite element and the starting performance of multi-harmonic combined starting and asynchronous starting of BDFM was compared. The correctness of the winding design was verified by simulations and experiments. The results show that the method has significant theoretical and practical values to improve the starting torque and reduce both starting current and the impact on the power grid.
With the problems of small starting torque,large starting current and large impact on the power grid during the starting process, the starting performance of the brushless doubly-fed machine(BDFM) can't meet the requirements of industrial application. With the composite coil structure adopted by the rotor winding of BDFM and based on the magnetic motive force(MMF) harmonic theory of stator winding, this paper presented a kind of multiharmonic combined starting method to improve the starting performance of the BDFM. The connection mode of two sets of stator windings and their on-off state in different working conditions were introduced in the paper, the function principle of the rotor structure in both starting condition and operating condition were analyzed. The starting torque and starting current of the machine under different loads were analyzed based on the simulations established by the finite element and the starting performance of multi-harmonic combined starting and asynchronous starting of BDFM was compared. The correctness of the winding design was verified by simulations and experiments. The results show that the method has significant theoretical and practical values to improve the starting torque and reduce both starting current and the impact on the power grid.
引文
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[10]熊飞,王雪帆,张经纬,等.绕线转子无刷双馈电机的链型等效电路模型[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(2):15-21.Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan,Zhang Jingwei,et al.Chain equivalent circuit model of wound-rotor brushless doublyfed machine[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(2):15-21(in Chinese).
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[12]阚超豪,赵威,储成龙,等.基于变极绕组的无刷双馈电机起动特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2019,34(7):1392-1403.Kan Chaohao,Zhao Wei,Chu Chenglong,et al.Research on starting characteristics of brushless doubly-fed machines based on pole changing winding[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2019,34(7):1392-1403(in Chinese).
[13]汤蕴璆.电机学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014:212-215.Tang Yunqi.Electrical engineering[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2014:212-215(in Chinese).
[14]许实章.新型电机绕组-理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:2-11.Xu Shizhang.Windings for novel alternating current machines-theory and design[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2001:2-11(in Chinese).
[15]王雪帆.复合线圈在绕线型变极感应电动机中应用研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1995,23(11):64-67.Wang Xuefan.Composite coils used in pole-changing wound-rotor induction motors[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1995,23(11):64-67(in Chinese).
[16]王雪帆.一种转子绕组采用变极法设计的新型无刷双馈电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):108-127.Wang Xuefan.A new brushless doubly-fed machine with a wound-rotor changing-pole winding[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(6):108-127(in Chinese).
[17]熊飞,王雪帆,程源.不等匝线圈转子结构的无刷双馈电机研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(36):82-88.Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan,Cheng Yuan.Studies of brushless doubly-fed machines with an unequal-turn coil rotor structure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(36):82-88(in Chinese).
[18]张凤阁,王秀平,于思洋,等.不同转子结构无刷双馈电动机转子耦合能力与运行性能的对比分析与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2816-2826.Zhang Fengge,Wang Xiuping,Yu Siyang,et al.Comparative analysis and experimental research of coupling capability and operating characteristics for brushless doubly-fed motors with different rotor structures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2816-2826(in Chinese).
[19]杨向宇,励庆孚.单套定子绕组无刷双馈电机的绕组设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(8):19-21.Yang Xiangyu,Li Qingfu.Winding design for one set windings brushless doubly-fed machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(8):19-21(in Chinese).
[20]邓先明,姜建国.无刷双馈电机的工作原理及电磁设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):130-136.Deng Xianmig,Jiang Jianguo.The principle and electromagnetic design of brushless doubly-fed machine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(11):130-136(in Chinese).
[2]Zhang F G,Yu S Y,Wang X P.Magnetic field modulation analysis and experimental research of brushless doublyfed generator with hybrid rotor[C]//International Conference on Applied Super-conductivity and Electromagnetic Devices,Shanghai,2015:110-111.
[3]Kong M,Wang X F,Li Z F,et al.Asynchronous operation characteristics and soft-starting method for the brushless doubly-fed motor[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2017,11(7):1276-1283.
[4]阚超豪,鲍习昌,王雪帆,等.无刷双馈电机的研究现状与最新进展[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(13):3939-3959.Kan Chaohao,Bao Xichang,Wang Xuefan,et al.Overview and recent developments of brushless doubly-fed machine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(13):3939-3959(in Chinese).
[5]李宁,程明,韩鹏.电动汽车用新型双定子无刷双馈电机转子磁链定向控制[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(S1):115-123.Li Ning,Cheng Ming,Han Peng.Rotor flux oriented control of a new dual-stator brushless doubly-fed motor for EV/HEV applications[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(S1):115-123(in Chinese).
[6]张爱玲,熊光煜,刘振富,等.无刷双馈电机能量传递关系和功率因数特性的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(6):92-97.Zhang Ailing,Xiong Guangyu,Liu Zhenfu,et al.Experimental study on energy transmission and power doubly-fed of brushless factor characteristics machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(6):92-97(in Chinese).
[7]杜江,韩力,欧先朋,等.笼型转子无刷双馈电机异步运行模式的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3964-3972.Du Jiang,Han Li,Ou Xianpeng,et,al.Experimental study of brushless doubly-fed machine with cage rotor at the asynchronous operation mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3964-3972(in Chinese).
[8]Kong M,Wang X F.Reactive power regulating of a wound rotor brushless doubly-fed motor[C]//the 19th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Chiba,2016:1-5.
[9]邓先明,姜建国,方荣惠.笼型转子无刷双馈电机的电磁分析和等效电路[J].电工技术学报,2005,20(9):19-23.Deng Xianming,Jiang Jianguo,Fang Ronghui.Electromagnetic analysis and equivalent circuit of brushless doubly-fed machine with cage rotor[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2005,20(9):19-23(in Chinese).
[10]熊飞,王雪帆,张经纬,等.绕线转子无刷双馈电机的链型等效电路模型[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(2):15-21.Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan,Zhang Jingwei,et al.Chain equivalent circuit model of wound-rotor brushless doublyfed machine[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(2):15-21(in Chinese).
[11]王爱龙,熊光煜.无刷双馈电机电感参数的计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(9):93-97.Wang Ailong,Xiong Guangyu.Computation of inductances of the brushless doubly-fed machine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(9):93-97(in Chinese).
[12]阚超豪,赵威,储成龙,等.基于变极绕组的无刷双馈电机起动特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2019,34(7):1392-1403.Kan Chaohao,Zhao Wei,Chu Chenglong,et al.Research on starting characteristics of brushless doubly-fed machines based on pole changing winding[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2019,34(7):1392-1403(in Chinese).
[13]汤蕴璆.电机学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014:212-215.Tang Yunqi.Electrical engineering[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2014:212-215(in Chinese).
[14]许实章.新型电机绕组-理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001:2-11.Xu Shizhang.Windings for novel alternating current machines-theory and design[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2001:2-11(in Chinese).
[15]王雪帆.复合线圈在绕线型变极感应电动机中应用研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1995,23(11):64-67.Wang Xuefan.Composite coils used in pole-changing wound-rotor induction motors[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology,1995,23(11):64-67(in Chinese).
[16]王雪帆.一种转子绕组采用变极法设计的新型无刷双馈电机[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(6):108-127.Wang Xuefan.A new brushless doubly-fed machine with a wound-rotor changing-pole winding[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(6):108-127(in Chinese).
[17]熊飞,王雪帆,程源.不等匝线圈转子结构的无刷双馈电机研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(36):82-88.Xiong Fei,Wang Xuefan,Cheng Yuan.Studies of brushless doubly-fed machines with an unequal-turn coil rotor structure[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(36):82-88(in Chinese).
[18]张凤阁,王秀平,于思洋,等.不同转子结构无刷双馈电动机转子耦合能力与运行性能的对比分析与实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(10):2816-2826.Zhang Fengge,Wang Xiuping,Yu Siyang,et al.Comparative analysis and experimental research of coupling capability and operating characteristics for brushless doubly-fed motors with different rotor structures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(10):2816-2826(in Chinese).
[19]杨向宇,励庆孚.单套定子绕组无刷双馈电机的绕组设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(8):19-21.Yang Xiangyu,Li Qingfu.Winding design for one set windings brushless doubly-fed machines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(8):19-21(in Chinese).
[20]邓先明,姜建国.无刷双馈电机的工作原理及电磁设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):130-136.Deng Xianmig,Jiang Jianguo.The principle and electromagnetic design of brushless doubly-fed machine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(11):130-136(in Chinese).