成都市东北部冬春季PM_(2.5)中铜铅锰镉铬的化学形态分布
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摘要
为了更准确有效的研究大气固体颗粒中重金属的形态分布,本实验采用混酸密闭消解总量和改进的Fernández法提取Cu、Pb、Mn、Cd、Cr元素的化学形态,以ICP-MS测定样品中铜铅锰镉铬总量和各形态的含量。结果表明:实验测得土壤标样中铜铅镉铬锰总量在给出的土壤成分分析标准物质认定值范围内且回收率都在90%以上;冬春季所有样品中铜的回收率范围为80.23%～97.92%;铅的回收率范围为83.77%～98.40%;锰的回收率范围为82.07%～99.97%;镉的回收率范围为81.84%～99.72%;铬的回收率范围为88.96%～99.16%。这些数据说明该方法具有检出限低、精密度高、准确度好的特点。成都东北部大气PM2.5中铜铅锰镉铬主要存在形式为可溶态和可还原态,占所有形态总和的75%以上,其中Cu、Cd、Mn主要存在于可溶态,Pb、Cr主要存在于可还原态;铜铅锰镉铬元素总量与形态及形态与形态之间均存在一定的显著正相关性。
In order to study the speciation distribution of heavy metals in air solid particles more accurately and effectively, the chemical speciation of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium was extracted by mixed acid sealed digestion method and improved Fernndez method. The total content of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium in samples was determined by ICP-MS. The results showed that the total amount of copper, lead, cadmium, chromium and manganese in soil standard samples was within the certified value of soil component analysis reference materials and the recovery rate was above 90 %. In winter and spring, the recovery rate of copper in all samples ranged from 80.23 to 97.92 %. The recovery rate of lead ranged from 83.77 to 98.40 %. The recovery rate of manganese ranged from 82.07 to 99.97 %. The recoveries of cadmium and chromium are 81.84 %～99.72 % and 88.96-99.16 %, respectively. These data show that the method has the characteristics of low detection limit, high precision and good accuracy. The main forms of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium in PM2.5 in northeastern Chengdu are soluble and reducible, accounting for more than 75 % of all forms. Among them, copper, cadmium and manganese are mainly soluble, while lead and chromium are mainly reducible. There is a significant positive correlation between the total amount and form of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium. Relevance.
In order to study the speciation distribution of heavy metals in air solid particles more accurately and effectively, the chemical speciation of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium was extracted by mixed acid sealed digestion method and improved Fernndez method. The total content of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium in samples was determined by ICP-MS. The results showed that the total amount of copper, lead, cadmium, chromium and manganese in soil standard samples was within the certified value of soil component analysis reference materials and the recovery rate was above 90 %. In winter and spring, the recovery rate of copper in all samples ranged from 80.23 to 97.92 %. The recovery rate of lead ranged from 83.77 to 98.40 %. The recovery rate of manganese ranged from 82.07 to 99.97 %. The recoveries of cadmium and chromium are 81.84 %～99.72 % and 88.96-99.16 %, respectively. These data show that the method has the characteristics of low detection limit, high precision and good accuracy. The main forms of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium in PM2.5 in northeastern Chengdu are soluble and reducible, accounting for more than 75 % of all forms. Among them, copper, cadmium and manganese are mainly soluble, while lead and chromium are mainly reducible. There is a significant positive correlation between the total amount and form of copper, lead, manganese, cadmium and chromium. Relevance.
引文
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[2]Taner S,Pekey B,Pekey H,et al.Fine particulatematter in the indoor air of barbeque restaurants:elemental compositions,sources and health risks[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,454-455(454-455C):79-87.
[3]温先华,胡恭任,于瑞莲,等.厦门市大气降尘中重金属生态风险评价与源解析[J].地球与环境,2015,43(1):1-6.
[4]Zhou P,Guo J,Zhou X Y,et al.PM2.5,PMIO and health risk assessment of heavy metals in a typical printed circuit noards manufacturing workshop[J].Journal of Environmental Science,2014,26(10):2018-2026.
[5]周燊港,邹海凤,董娴,等.贵阳市冬季PM2.5中典型重金属元素的化学形态分析与健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(1):277-284.
[6]王文全,孙龙仁.乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中重金属元素含量和富集特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2012,24(5):23-27.
[7]刘鸥.改性蒙脱石吸附废水中重金属研究[D].东北大学,2012.
[8]冯素萍,赵祥峰,唐厚全,等.大气颗粒物中元素Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni和Mn的形态分析[J].山东大学学报,2006,41(4):137-144.
[9]王询.PM10中重金属的提取方法及生物可利用性研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(10):1636-1642
[10]胡恭任,戚红璐,于瑞莲,等.模拟酸雨对泉州市区大气降尘重金属的淋溶[J].环境化学,2010,29(5):884-891.
[11]Bekteshi L,Lazo P,Qarri F,et al.Application of the normalization process in the survey of atmosphericdeposition of heavy metals in Albania through moss biomonitoring[J].Ecological Indicators,2015,56(3):50-59.
[12]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,and Bisson M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals[J].Analytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[13]Lee P K,Choi B Y,and Kang M J.Assessment of mobility and bio-availabilityof heavy metals in dry depositions of Asian dust and implications for environmental risk[J].Chemosphere,2015,119:1411-1421.
[14]Fernandez Espinosa A J,Ternero Rodriguez M,Fernandez A F,et al.Optimization of a Sequential Extraction Scheme for Speciation of Metals in Fine Urban Particles[J].Toxicological&Environmental Chemistry,2002,82(1):59-73.
[15]GB3095-2012.中华人民共和国国家标准-环境空气质量标准[S].
[16]STURGES W T,BA RRIE L A-Stable lead is tope rations in arcticaerosols evidence for the origion of article air pollution[J].Atmospheres Enviroment,1989,23(11):2513-2519.
[17]李显芳,刘咸德,李冰,等.北京PM2.5中Pb的同位素测定和来源研究[J].环境科学,2006,27(3):401-407.
[18]施雪萍.上海交通干道春季空气颗粒物中微量元素分布特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2011,23(增刊):24-33.
[19]杨卫芬,银燕,魏玉香,等.霾天气下南京PM2.5中金属元素污染特征及来源分析[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(1):12-17.
[20]木拉提,王佳佳,丽娜,等.沙尘天气期间大气PM2.5和PM10中部分元素浓度的变化特征[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(9):755-758.
[21]洪也,周德平,马雁军,等.沈阳春秋季节大气细颗粒物元素浓度及分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(7):972-979.