九江市重污染天气形势特征及污染源分析
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摘要
利用九江市环境保护监测站的日均AQI值和首要污染物等监测资料、常规地面、高空气象观测资料,对2014-2016年15个重度以上污染日进行天气形势分析并分型,利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型污染天气气团轨迹进行模拟。得到九江市重度以上污染天气的天气形势:高压型、高压后部型、高压底部型、低压型。地面有弱冷空气输送,或地面均压场、850～700 hPa有显著的暖平流输送形成暖盖的静稳天气形势有利于出现重污染天气。根据污染源分为3类:外部输入型、混合型(外部输入加本地堆积型)和本地堆积型。15个个例中有7个的重污染天气个例是由于前期有弱冷空气扩散南下,携带污染物从华北、长三角到本地。混合型为前期48-72 h有污染物的输送,配合稳定的天气形势,污染物在近24 h内堆积,形成的污染天气。本地污染型3个个例造成污染的主要原因并不是适宜的天气形势,而是人为活动造成的。
Based on the daily air pollution monitoring data from Jiujiang Environmental Monitoring Center,the meteorological observation data from Jiujiang Meteorological Office.Weather situation analysis and classification of 15 days with severe pollution from 2014 to 2016, and the air mass trajectory was simulated by using HYSPLIT backward trajectory model. The surface pressure of heavy air pollution days can be generally summarized as 4 types: high pressure, back of high pressure, bottom of high pressure. The static weather situation with weak cold air transport on the ground, or ground pressure equalization field, 850 hPa to 700 hPa with significant warm advection transport forms a warm cover is conducive to the occurrence of heavily polluted weather.According to the pollution sources, there are three types: external input type, mixed type(external input plus local accumulation type) and local accumulation type. Seven of the 15 cases were heavily polluted due to the diffuse of weak cold air from North China, the Yangtze River Delta to the local area. Mixed type is 48 to 72 hours prior to the transport of pollutants, with a stable weather situation, pollutants accumulated in nearly 24 hours, resulting in polluted weather. The main cause of pollution in three cases of local pollution type is not the suitable weather situation, but human activities.
Based on the daily air pollution monitoring data from Jiujiang Environmental Monitoring Center,the meteorological observation data from Jiujiang Meteorological Office.Weather situation analysis and classification of 15 days with severe pollution from 2014 to 2016, and the air mass trajectory was simulated by using HYSPLIT backward trajectory model. The surface pressure of heavy air pollution days can be generally summarized as 4 types: high pressure, back of high pressure, bottom of high pressure. The static weather situation with weak cold air transport on the ground, or ground pressure equalization field, 850 hPa to 700 hPa with significant warm advection transport forms a warm cover is conducive to the occurrence of heavily polluted weather.According to the pollution sources, there are three types: external input type, mixed type(external input plus local accumulation type) and local accumulation type. Seven of the 15 cases were heavily polluted due to the diffuse of weak cold air from North China, the Yangtze River Delta to the local area. Mixed type is 48 to 72 hours prior to the transport of pollutants, with a stable weather situation, pollutants accumulated in nearly 24 hours, resulting in polluted weather. The main cause of pollution in three cases of local pollution type is not the suitable weather situation, but human activities.
引文
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[4] 环境保护部.环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-2012)[S].中华人民共和国国家环境保护标准.
[5] 张强.兰州市山谷地形和大气逆温层对污染物水平输送的影响[J].中国环境科学,2001,21(3):230-234.
[6] 张强.兰州市的大气污染物浓度与局地气候环境因子的关系[J].兰州大学学报,2003,39(1):99-106.
[7] 隋珂珂,王自发,杨军,等.北京PM10持续污染及与常规气象要素的关系[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(6):77-82.
[8] 邓利群,钱骏,廖瑞雪,等.2009年8-9月成都市颗粒物污染及其与气象条件的关系[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(8):1433-1438.
[9] 赵敬国,王式功,王嘉媛,等.兰州市空气污染与气象条件关系分析[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(4):491-503.
[10] 蔡仁,李霞,赵克明,等.乌鲁木齐大气污染特征及气象条件的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(6N):40-48.
[11] 符传博,丹利,唐家翔,等.1960-2013年华南地区霾污染的时空变化及其与关键气候因子的关系[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1313-1322.
[12] Elminir H K.Dependence of urban air pollutants on meteorology[J].Science of the Total Environment,2005,350(1/3):225-237.
[13] 徐祥德,丁国安,周丽,等.北京城市冬季大气污染动力化学过程区域性三维结构特征[J].科学通报,2003,48(5):496-501.
[14] 张人禾,李强,张若楠.2013 年1 月中国东部持续性强雾霾天气产生的气象条件分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(1):27-36.
[15] 黄毅,刘春琼,郑凯莉,等.典型灰霾期间PM_(2.5)演化的多重分形特征分析[J].环境科学与技术,2019,42(2):67-73.
[16] 张冲,郎建垒,程水源,等.2016年京津冀地区红色预警时段PM_(2.5)污染特征与浓度控制效果[J/OL].环境科学,2019(8):1-13.
[17] 杨超,徐洁玲.九江市PM2.5时间变化特征及其与气象要素的关系[J].江西科学,2016,34(6):790-794.