共轴刚性旋翼桨毂减阻优化设计方法
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摘要
针对共轴刚性旋翼桨毂阻力全机占比较大的特征,开展桨毂减阻优化设计方法研究。首先分析了共轴刚性旋翼桨毂外形特点,确定减阻整流罩基本型式,建立了减阻整流罩参数化模型。分析了整流罩参数对桨毂阻力的影响,进行参数样本选取。在此基础上建立代理模型,采用优化算法求解代理模型进行参数优化设计,最终建立了适用于共轴刚性旋翼桨毂的减阻优化设计方法。通过计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)计算结果、试验结果以及优化结果对比验证,结果相差小于2%,说明了建立的共轴刚性旋翼桨毂减阻优化设计方法有效、可信。
For the drag of coaxial rigid rotor hub has a large proportion in helicopter,the study on methods of reducing drag is presented. Firstly,the basic type of hub fairing is determined by analyzing the characteristics of coaxial rigid rotor hub,and parameterized model of hub fairing is established. Secondly,the influence of parameters of fairing on drag of hub is analyzed. And sample selection of parameters is completed. On this basis,the hub fairing is designed and optimized by establishing surrogate model and solved by using optimization algorithm. Finally the optimum design method of drag reduction applied to coaxial rigid rotor hub has been built. And the correctness of optimum design method of drag reduction applied to coaxial rigid rotor hub is verified by comparing results of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),wind tunnel test and optimum design,which is less than 2%.
For the drag of coaxial rigid rotor hub has a large proportion in helicopter,the study on methods of reducing drag is presented. Firstly,the basic type of hub fairing is determined by analyzing the characteristics of coaxial rigid rotor hub,and parameterized model of hub fairing is established. Secondly,the influence of parameters of fairing on drag of hub is analyzed. And sample selection of parameters is completed. On this basis,the hub fairing is designed and optimized by establishing surrogate model and solved by using optimization algorithm. Finally the optimum design method of drag reduction applied to coaxial rigid rotor hub has been built. And the correctness of optimum design method of drag reduction applied to coaxial rigid rotor hub is verified by comparing results of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),wind tunnel test and optimum design,which is less than 2%.
引文
[1]邓景辉.高速直升机前行桨叶概念旋翼技术[J].航空科学技术,2012(3):9-14.DENG Jinghui. The ABC rotor technology for high speed helicopter[J]. Aeronautical Science&Technol-ogy,2012(3):9-14.
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[8] YOUNG L A,GRAHAM D R,STROUB R H.Experimental investigation of rotorcraft hub and shaft fairing drag reduction[J]. J Aircraft,1987,24(12):110-123.
[9] SUNG D Y,LANCE M B,YOUNG L A,et al. An experimental investigation of helicopter rotor hub fairing drag characteristics[R]. NASA TM 102182,1989.
[10] FELKER F F. An experimental investigation of hub drag on the XH-59A[R]. AIAA-85-4065,1985.
[11] WAKE B E, HAGEN E, OCHS S S, et al.Assessment of helicopter hub drag prediction with an unstructured flow solver[C]//Proceedings of Americ-an Helicopter Society 65th Annual Forum. Texas Grapevine, USA:United Technologies Research Center,2009:367-379.
[12] OCHS S S,MATALANIS C G,WAKE B E,et al.Evaluation of helios CFD toolset for faired rotor-hub drag prediction[C]//Proceedings of American Helico-pter Society 67th Annual Forum. Virginia Beach,USA:United Technologies Research Center,2011:316-324.
[13]王焕瑾,高正.高速直升机方案中旋翼自转状态的实验研究[J].空气动力学学报,2004,22(2):151-155.WANG Huanjin,GAO Zheng. Experiment research on the rotor autorotation state for a high-speed helicop-ter scheme[J]. Journal of Aerodynamics,2004,22(2):151-155.
[14]曾伟,林永峰,黄水林,等.共轴双旋翼桨毂减阻初步分析研究[J].直升机技术,2014,181(4):14-18.ZENG Wei,LIN Yongfeng,HUANG Shuilin,et al.A preliminary study on the drag reduction of the coaxi-al double rotor hub[J]. Helicopter Technology,2014,181(4):14-18.
[15]何龙,王畅,唐敏,等.共轴刚性旋翼直升机桨毂阻力特性试验[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2016,48(4):530-535.HE Long,WANG Chang,TANG Min,et al.Experi-mental study on darg characteristics of coaxial rigid ro-tot helicopter hub[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2016,48(4):530-535.
[2] ASHISH B. Aerodynamic design of the X2 technology demonstratorTMmain rotor blade[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 64th Annual Forum.Montreal,Canada:[s.n.],2008:29-44.
[3] LORBER P F,LAW G K,MATALANIS C,et al.Overview of S-97 raiderTMscale model tests[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 72nd An-nual Forum. Florida,USA:[s.n.],2016:143-160.
[4]吴希明.高速直升机发展现状、趋势与对策[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2015,47(2):175-179.WU Ximing. Current status,development trend and countermeasure for high-speed rotorcraft[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2015,47(2):175-179.
[5] PATRICK O B,MATHEW T,BYUNG Y M,et al. Experimental investigation of passive and active flow control for X2 technology?hub and fuselage drag reduction[C]//Proceedings of American Helicopter Society 72nd Annual Forum. Florida,USA:[s. n.],2016:201-206.
[6] REICH D,SHENOY R,SMITH M,et al. A review of 60 years of rotor hub drag and wake physics:1954—2014[C]//Journal of the American Helicopter Society.West Palm Beach,FL:United Technologies Research Center,2016:1-17.
[7] BALCH D T,WEINER S. 1/5 scale abc hub fairing drag test-final report[R]. Sikorsky Engineering Repo-rt,SER-69063,NASA2-10215,1980.
[8] YOUNG L A,GRAHAM D R,STROUB R H.Experimental investigation of rotorcraft hub and shaft fairing drag reduction[J]. J Aircraft,1987,24(12):110-123.
[9] SUNG D Y,LANCE M B,YOUNG L A,et al. An experimental investigation of helicopter rotor hub fairing drag characteristics[R]. NASA TM 102182,1989.
[10] FELKER F F. An experimental investigation of hub drag on the XH-59A[R]. AIAA-85-4065,1985.
[11] WAKE B E, HAGEN E, OCHS S S, et al.Assessment of helicopter hub drag prediction with an unstructured flow solver[C]//Proceedings of Americ-an Helicopter Society 65th Annual Forum. Texas Grapevine, USA:United Technologies Research Center,2009:367-379.
[12] OCHS S S,MATALANIS C G,WAKE B E,et al.Evaluation of helios CFD toolset for faired rotor-hub drag prediction[C]//Proceedings of American Helico-pter Society 67th Annual Forum. Virginia Beach,USA:United Technologies Research Center,2011:316-324.
[13]王焕瑾,高正.高速直升机方案中旋翼自转状态的实验研究[J].空气动力学学报,2004,22(2):151-155.WANG Huanjin,GAO Zheng. Experiment research on the rotor autorotation state for a high-speed helicop-ter scheme[J]. Journal of Aerodynamics,2004,22(2):151-155.
[14]曾伟,林永峰,黄水林,等.共轴双旋翼桨毂减阻初步分析研究[J].直升机技术,2014,181(4):14-18.ZENG Wei,LIN Yongfeng,HUANG Shuilin,et al.A preliminary study on the drag reduction of the coaxi-al double rotor hub[J]. Helicopter Technology,2014,181(4):14-18.
[15]何龙,王畅,唐敏,等.共轴刚性旋翼直升机桨毂阻力特性试验[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2016,48(4):530-535.HE Long,WANG Chang,TANG Min,et al.Experi-mental study on darg characteristics of coaxial rigid ro-tot helicopter hub[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,2016,48(4):530-535.