高速风洞中大型飞机典型支撑方式干扰特性研究
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摘要
分析了大型飞机在高速风洞中常用的支撑形式(尾支撑、腹支撑和条带支撑)的干扰特性,比较了尾支撑干扰试验中辅助支撑装置的二次干扰量,为大型飞机高速风洞试验的支撑选择提供了参考依据。以Ty-154标模为研究对象,基于结构嵌套网格,通过数值求解Ty-154标模有、无支撑的气动特性获取了相应的支撑干扰量,分析了支撑干扰产生的机理。通过数值模拟尾支撑、腹支撑和条带支撑的组合状态,探索了辅助支撑装置的二次干扰影响。结果表明:数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,研究结果可靠性高;尾支撑对试验模型的阻力和俯仰力矩系数干扰较大,条带支撑对试验模型的升阻特性干扰较小,腹支撑对试验模型的阻力系数干扰较大,对俯仰力矩系数干扰较小;Ma>0.9时三种支撑形式的干扰量均迅速增加,腹支撑形式的干扰量增加最为剧烈;在尾支撑干扰修正试验中,腹支撑与条带支撑引起的二次干扰量均很小,工程应用可忽略。
The interference characteristics of 3 different support struts commonly used in high speed wind tunnel tests for large aircraft are analyzed to provide some references in selecting support type,and the second-order interference characteristics caused by assistant support struts during sting interference test are also studied.Structural chimera grids are used to simulate Ty-154 standard model support by sting,belly blade and vane suspension,interference magnitudes are acquired respectively,and their interference mechanism is studied.Combination support type sting-blade and sting-vane are also simulated to investigate the second-order interference magnitude.The results show that numerical results coincide well with test data,proving the research results have a high fidelity.The sting support show much interference to the drag and pitching moment,while the vane support make little interference to them.The blade support make the drag increase much but shows little influence to the pitching moment.On the conditions of Ma>0.9,the interference magnitude increase rapidly and the blade support increase the most.In the experiment of sting interference correction,the second-order interference of blade and vane support is very small,and can be omitted in the engineer field.
The interference characteristics of 3 different support struts commonly used in high speed wind tunnel tests for large aircraft are analyzed to provide some references in selecting support type,and the second-order interference characteristics caused by assistant support struts during sting interference test are also studied.Structural chimera grids are used to simulate Ty-154 standard model support by sting,belly blade and vane suspension,interference magnitudes are acquired respectively,and their interference mechanism is studied.Combination support type sting-blade and sting-vane are also simulated to investigate the second-order interference magnitude.The results show that numerical results coincide well with test data,proving the research results have a high fidelity.The sting support show much interference to the drag and pitching moment,while the vane support make little interference to them.The blade support make the drag increase much but shows little influence to the pitching moment.On the conditions of Ma>0.9,the interference magnitude increase rapidly and the blade support increase the most.In the experiment of sting interference correction,the second-order interference of blade and vane support is very small,and can be omitted in the engineer field.
引文
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[2]王瑞波,吴军强,郭秋亭,等.2.4m跨声速风洞试验质量影响因素分析及改进措施研究[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(1):37-41.WANG R,WU J,GUO Q,et al.Research on the affecting factors of test quality and improvement methods in 2.4 m transonic wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(1):37-41.(in Chinese)
[3]张彬乾,王元元,段卓毅,等.大上翘机身后体设计方法[J].航空学报,2010,31(10):1933-1939.ZHANG B,WANG Y,DUAN Z,et al.Design method for large upswept afterbody of transport aircraft[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(10):1933-1939.(in Chinese)
[4]王发祥,等.高速风洞试验[D].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.WANG F X,et al.High speed wind tunnel test[D].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[5]程厚梅.风洞实验干扰及修正[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2003.CHENG H M.Interference and correction on wind tunnel testing[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2003.(in Chinese)
[6]李强,刘大伟,陈德华,等.高速风洞中条带支撑系统支撑干扰特性数值研究[C].第八届全国流体力学学术会议,2014.LI Q,LIU D W,CHEN D H,et al.Numerical investigation on the support interference of vane support system in high speed wind tunnels[C].8th National Fluid Dynamics Conference,2014.(in Chinese)
[7]王延奎,刘伟,邓学蓥,等.低速增压风洞支架干扰的数值研究[J].飞机设计,2009,29(2):8-12.WANG Y,LIU W,DENG X,et al.Computational investigation of sting interference in low speed pressurized wind tunnel[J].Aircraft Design,2009,29(2):8-12.(in Chinese)
[8]MASATAKA K.Wall and support interference corrections of NASA common research model wind tunnel tests in JAXA[R].AIAA 2013-0963,2013.
[9]LYNCH F T.The crucial role of wall interference,support interference,and flow field measurements in the development of advanced aircraft configurations[R].AGARD,1993.
[10]苏继川,黄勇,李永红,等.小展弦比飞翼亚、跨、超声速支撑干扰研究[J].空气动力学报,2015,33(3):289-295.SU J,HUANG Y,LI Y,et al.Support interference of lowaspect-ratio flying-wing from subsonic to supersonic speed[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2015,33(3):289-295.(in Chinese)
[11]段卓毅,王运涛,庞宇飞,等.无尾布局干扰数值模拟[J].实验流体力学,2007,21(4):13-17.DUAN Z,WANG Y,PANG Y,et al.Numerical simulation of support interference on a tailless configuration[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2007,21(4):13-17.(in Chinese)
[12]王延奎,黄涛,邓学蓥.机身后体气动特性及其张线支撑影响研究[J].力学学报,2004,36(3):257-264.WANG Y,HUANG T,DENG X.The study of aerodynamic characteristics of afterbody and effect of cable mounting[J].Acta Mechanica Sinica,2004,36(3):257-264.(in Chinese)
[13]熊能,林俊,贺中,等.大飞机布局模型跨声速风洞实验尾支撑干扰研究[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(2):51-55.XIONG N,LIN J,HE Z,et al.Study on the rear sting support interference for large transports configuration model in transonic wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(2):51-55.(in Chinese)
[14]周伟江,马汉东,白鹏.腹支撑对飞行器高超声速试验结果影响的数值计算[J].宇航学报,2003,24(6):617-620.ZHOU W,MA H,BAI P.The numerical study of effect by side sting on aerodynamic characteristics of wing-body configuration[J].Journal of Astronautics,2003,24(6):617-620.(in Chinese)
[15]刘光远,王瑞波,郭秋亭,等.2.4m跨声速风洞壁板参数对核心流均匀性的影响[J].航空学报,2015,36(9):2930-2938.LIU G Y,WANG R B,GUO Q T,et al.Wall parameters influence on centerline flow uniformity in 2.4mtransonic wind tunnel[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(9):2930-2938.(in Chinese)
[16]阎超,于剑,徐晶磊,等.CFD模拟方法的发展成就与展望[J].力学进展,2011,41(5):562-589.YAN C,YU J,XU J,et al.On the achievements and prospects for the methods of computational fluid dynamics[J].Advances in Mechanics,2011,41(5):562-589.(in Chinese)
[17]李强.高速风洞条带悬挂支撑干扰特性及机理分析研究[D].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2015.LI Q.Investigation on the support interference characteristics and mechanism analysis of vane cable suspension support system in high speed wind tunnels[D].Mianyang:China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,2015.(in Chinese).
[18]李孝伟,范绪箕,乔志德.嵌套网格技术中的Collar网格和虚拟网格方法[J].计算物理,2003,20(2):111-118.LI X W,FAN X J,QIAO Z D.Collar grid and virtual grid methods in embedding technique[J].Chinese Journal of Computation Physics,2003,20(2):111-118.(in Chinese)