两种硼肥对油-棉轮作中作物产量和品质的影响及其后效
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摘要
在湖北洪湖和安徽望江分别进行油菜-棉花轮作田间试验,研究Etibor-48(EB)和Colemanite(CB)两种硼肥在油菜-棉花轮作中的肥效及其后效对棉花油菜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,湖北洪湖油菜-棉花轮作EB和CB处理棉花的现蕾期和开花期有不同程度的提前,且EB处理棉花株高和单株果枝台数增加,但两季作物增产均不显著。安徽望江棉花-油菜轮作EB和CB处理时,两季作物均显著增产,且EB处理当季棉花增产效果最好,CB(粒径3 mm)处理的后效好于EB。CB(粒径3 mm)作为基施硼肥增产效果较好,适于做基施长效硼肥。硼肥EB和CB对棉花品质无显著影响,对油菜品质的影响表现为提高含油量。
The effects of Etibor-48(EB)and Colemanite(CB)on the growth,seed yield and seed quality of cotton and oilseed rape(Brassica napus)were investigated with rotation experiments at Honghu,Hubei Province and Wangjiang,Anhui Province,respectively. Results showed that EB and CB application could advance the squaring stage and blooming stage of cotton in different extent at Honghu,Hubei Province. Plant height and fruit-bearing branch number also increased in EB treated cotton plants. Although application of EB and CB increased the yield of oilseed rape and cotton slightly at Honghu,Hubei Province,but significantly at Wangjiang,Anhui Province. Yield-increasing effect of EB on cotton was greater than that of CB at Wangjiang,Anhui Province,however,the residual effectiveness of CB on the seed yield of rotated oilseed rape was greater than that of EB. CB was more suitable to be used as a slow-released basal boron fertilizer. EB and CB had no significant effect on quality of cotton,but improved oil content of oilseed rape.
The effects of Etibor-48(EB)and Colemanite(CB)on the growth,seed yield and seed quality of cotton and oilseed rape(Brassica napus)were investigated with rotation experiments at Honghu,Hubei Province and Wangjiang,Anhui Province,respectively. Results showed that EB and CB application could advance the squaring stage and blooming stage of cotton in different extent at Honghu,Hubei Province. Plant height and fruit-bearing branch number also increased in EB treated cotton plants. Although application of EB and CB increased the yield of oilseed rape and cotton slightly at Honghu,Hubei Province,but significantly at Wangjiang,Anhui Province. Yield-increasing effect of EB on cotton was greater than that of CB at Wangjiang,Anhui Province,however,the residual effectiveness of CB on the seed yield of rotated oilseed rape was greater than that of EB. CB was more suitable to be used as a slow-released basal boron fertilizer. EB and CB had no significant effect on quality of cotton,but improved oil content of oilseed rape.
引文
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[22]杜应琼,廖新荣,黄志尧.耗竭条件下花生吸硼、吸钼特性及土壤有效硼、钼变化的研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(2):62-67.
[23]杜应琼,廖新荣,何江华,等.施用硼钼对花生生长发育和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):229-233.
[24]吴海勇,李明德,谷雨,等.硼肥不同施用方法及用量对水稻生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(7):5-8.
[25]Byers D E,Mikkelsen R L,Cox F R. Greehouse evaluation of four boron fertilizer materials[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(4&5):717-725.
[2]张君,危常州,梁远航,等.陆地棉对叶面施硼的吸收和分配[J].棉花学报,2012,24(4):331-335.
[3]Zhao D L,Osterhuis D M.Cotton growth and physiological responses to boron de?ciency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2003,26(4):855-867.
[4]Rodolems C A,Costab A.Cotton growth and boron distribution in the plant as affected by atemporary deficiency of boron[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2000,23(6):815-825.
[5]Howard D D,Gwathmey C O,Sams C E.Foliar feeding of cotton:Evaluating potassium sources,potassium solution buffering,and boron[J].Agronomy Journal,1998,90(6):740-746.
[6]刘铮.微量元素的农业化学[M].北京:农业出版社,1991.
[7]王运华,刘武定,皮美美,等.我国主要棉区缺硼概况与施硼分区[J].华中农业大学学报,1989,8(S1):153-157.
[8]耿明建,曹享云,朱端卫,等.硼对甘蓝型油菜不同品种苗期生理特性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(1):81-84.
[9]Xu F S,Wang Y H,Ying W H,et al.Inheritance of boron nutrition efficiency in Brassica napus[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,2002,25(4):901-912.
[10]刘昌智.油菜和某些芸苔属作物的硼素营养(综述)[J].中国油料,1985,(4):73-81.
[11]胡敏,朱芸,鲁剑巍,等.硼肥与菜籽同播对油菜出苗、产量及硼肥表观利用率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2017,39(4):509-514.
[12]朱芸,陆志峰,肖文豪,等.硼肥用量对油菜产量与硼养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(4):129-133.
[13]杨美,石磊,徐芳森,等.不同硼水平对双低油菜华双4号产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(6):1118-1122.
[14]徐跃定,吴金贵,胡永红.油稻轮作制中油菜过量施硼对水稻产量的影响[J].土壤肥料,2000,(2):27-29.
[15]Yang X,Yu Y G,Yang Y,et al.Residual effectiveness of boron fertilizer for oilseed rape in intensively cropped rice-based rotations[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2000,57(2):171-181.
[16]李方敏,樊小林,陈文东.控释肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):494-500.
[17]Ni B L,Liu M Z,Lu S Y. Multifunctional slow-release erea fertilizer from ethylcellulose and uperabsorbent coated formulations[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,155(3):892-898.
[18]Muhammad S S,Khanif Y M,Fauziah C I,et al.Comparative evaluation of colemanite and sodium pentaborate as boron sources for rice grown in flooded calcareous soil[J]. Sustainable Agriculture Research,2013,2(2):134-141.
[19]鲍士旦,江荣风,杨超光,等.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.116-125.
[20]王运华,刘武定,皮美美.棉花潜在性缺硼与有效施硼的研究[J].中国农业科学,1985,27(2):62-70.
[21]叶德柱,徐芬,程光伊,等.浙江棉区缺硼的调查与研究[J].中国棉花,1981,11(6):26-29.
[22]杜应琼,廖新荣,黄志尧.耗竭条件下花生吸硼、吸钼特性及土壤有效硼、钼变化的研究[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(2):62-67.
[23]杜应琼,廖新荣,何江华,等.施用硼钼对花生生长发育和产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(2):229-233.
[24]吴海勇,李明德,谷雨,等.硼肥不同施用方法及用量对水稻生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(7):5-8.
[25]Byers D E,Mikkelsen R L,Cox F R. Greehouse evaluation of four boron fertilizer materials[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(4&5):717-725.