氧化亚铜光催化剂性能提升及增强机制的研究进展
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摘要
Cu_2O是目前最有潜力的可见光光催化剂之一,在太阳能电池、一氧化碳氧化、光催化剂、传感器、化学模板等方面有着广泛的应用。然而,Cu_2O光生电子-空穴对具有容易复合、易发生光腐蚀、稳定性不好等特性,使其在实际应用上面临很大的挑战,因此如何有效地提高Cu_2O的光催化性能成为国内外研究者关注的焦点。首先,本文围绕Cu_2O半导体的形貌控制、杂原子掺杂以及构建半导体异质结这三方面对Cu_2O光催化性能的提升进行系统阐述,其中构建半导体异质结是提升Cu_2O光催化性能最有效的方法,Cu_2O与贵金属、金属氧化物以及碳材料构成的复合半导体异质结均有效地提高了Cu_2O的光催化活性;其次,从复合半导体异质结、肖特基结以及Z-scheme机制三方面分析并讨论了Cu_2O光催化增强机制;最后对Cu_2O基纳米复合材料在电子结构、界面性质以及表面负载的成分和厚度等方面的研究进行了展望。
As one of the most promising visible light photocatalysts, Cu_2O has potential applications in many multidisciplinary fields such as solar cells, carbon monoxide oxidation, photocatalysts, sensors,chemical templates. However, due to the easy recombination of its photo-generated electron-hole, quick photocorrosion and poor stability, Cu_2O still faces great challenges in its practical application. Therefore,the studies in the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of Cu_2O has gained extensive attentions.Firstly, three improvement methods of morphology control, heteroatom doping, and semiconductor heterojunction are introduced. It is concluded that the construction of semiconductor heterojunction is the most effective method to improve the photocatalytic performance of Cu_2O and the heterostructures with noble metal, metal oxides, and carbon material are preferred. Secondly, the photocatalytic enhancement mechanism of Cu_2O was discussed with respect to the composited semiconductor heterojunction, Schottky junction and Z-scheme mechanism. Finally, the research directions of Cu_2O-based nanocomposites,which contains electronic structure, interface properties, and composition and thickness of surface loads are given.
As one of the most promising visible light photocatalysts, Cu_2O has potential applications in many multidisciplinary fields such as solar cells, carbon monoxide oxidation, photocatalysts, sensors,chemical templates. However, due to the easy recombination of its photo-generated electron-hole, quick photocorrosion and poor stability, Cu_2O still faces great challenges in its practical application. Therefore,the studies in the improvement of the photocatalytic performance of Cu_2O has gained extensive attentions.Firstly, three improvement methods of morphology control, heteroatom doping, and semiconductor heterojunction are introduced. It is concluded that the construction of semiconductor heterojunction is the most effective method to improve the photocatalytic performance of Cu_2O and the heterostructures with noble metal, metal oxides, and carbon material are preferred. Secondly, the photocatalytic enhancement mechanism of Cu_2O was discussed with respect to the composited semiconductor heterojunction, Schottky junction and Z-scheme mechanism. Finally, the research directions of Cu_2O-based nanocomposites,which contains electronic structure, interface properties, and composition and thickness of surface loads are given.
引文
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[4] ZHANG L S, WANG W Z, YANG J O, et al. Sonochemical synthesis of nanocrystallite Bi2O3as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst[J]. Appl.Catal. A-Gen., 2006, 308(7):105-110.
[5] HARA M, KONDO T, KOMODA M, et al. Cu2O as a photocatalyst for overall water splitting under visible light irradiation[J]. Chem.Commun., 1998, 3(3):357-358.
[6] BAO N Z, SHEN L M, TAKATA T, et al. Self-templated synthesis of nanoporous CdS nanostructures for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production under visible light[J]. Chem. Mater., 2008, 39(20):110-117.
[7] CHEN Y J, LIU D P, HUANG Y L, et al. Theoretical model validation study of variable cross-section upright tubular bubble pump[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2016(4):917-923.
[8] WANG X, MAEDA K, THOMAS A, et al. A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light[J].Nat. Mater., 2009, 8(1):76-80.
[9] BAO H, ZHANG W, HUA Q, et al. Crystal-plane-controlled surface restructuring and catalytic performance of oxide nanocrystals[J].Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2015, 50(51):12294-12298.
[10] KUO C-H, HUANG M H. Morphologically controlled synthesis of Cu2O nanocrystals and their properties[J]. Nano Today, 2010, 5(2):106-116.
[11] LU L, XU X, YAN J, et al. Oxygen vacancy rich Cu2O based composite material with nitrogen doped carbon as matrix for photocatalytic H2production and organic pollutant removal[J]. Dalton Trans., 2018, 47(6):2031-2038.
[12] SINGH M, JAMPAIAH D, KANDJANI A E, et al. Oxygen-deficient photostable Cu2O for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity[J].Nanoscale, 2018, 10(13):6039-6050.
[13] HUA Q, CHEN K, CHANG S, et al. Crystal plane-dependent compositional and structural evolution of uniform Cu2O nanocrystals in aqueous ammonia solutions[J]. J. Mater. Chem. C, 2011, 115(42):20618-20627.
[14] SUN S, ZHANG H, TANG L, et al. One-pot fabrication of novel cuboctahedral Cu2O crystals enclosed by anisotropic surfaces with enhancing catalytic performance[J]. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014,16(38):20424-20428.
[15] ZHANG Y, DENG B, ZHANG T, et al. Shape effects of Cu2O polyhedral microcrystals on photocatalytic activity[J]. J. Phys. Chem.C, 2010, 114:5073-5079.
[16] CHEN D S, YU W B, DENG Z, et al. Hollow Cu2O microspheres with two active{111}and{110}facets for highly selective adsorption and photodegradation of anionic dye[J]. RSC Adv., 2015, 5(68):55520-55526.
[17] ZHENG H Y, QIN L Z, LIN H, et al. Convenient route to welldispersed Cu2O nanospheres and their use as photocatalysts[J]. J.Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2015, 15(8):6063-6069.
[18] MENG X Y, TIAN G H, CHEN Y J, et al. Room temperature solution synthesis of hierarchical bow-like Cu2O with high visible light driven photocatalytic activity[J]. RSC Adv., 2012, 2(7):2875-2881.
[19] ZHANG W X, YANG X N, ZHU Q, et al. One-pot room temperature synthesis of Cu2O/Ag composite nanospheres with enhanced visiblelight-driven photocatalytic performance[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,2014, 53(42):16316-16323.
[20] XIA Y M, HE Z M, HU K J, et al. Fabrication of n-SrTiO3/p-Cu2O heterojunction composites with enhanced photocatalytic performance[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2018, 753:356-363.
[21] YAN X R, XU R P, GUO J K, et al. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/g-C3N4heterojunction coupled with reduced graphene oxide three-dimensional aerogel photocatalysis[J]. Mater. Res. Bull., 2017,96:18-27.
[22] LI X L, MA Y J, YANG Z, et al. Hierarchical heterostructures based onpricklyNinanowires/Cu2Onanoparticleswithenhancedphotocatalytic activity[J]. Dalton Trans., 2016, 45(17):7258-7266.
[23] ZHANG Y X, ZHOU X B, ZHAO Y Y, et al. One-step solvothermal synthesis of interlaced nanoflake-assembled flower-like hierarchical Ag/Cu2O composite microspheres with enhanced visible light photocatalytic properties[J]. RSC Adv., 2017, 7(12):6957-6965.
[24] KOU T, JIN C, ZHANG C, et al. Nanoporous core-shell Cu@Cu2O nanocomposites with superior photocatalytic properties towards the degradation of methyl orange[J]. RSC Adv., 2012, 2(33):12636-12643.
[25] ZOU X, FAN H, TIAN Y, et al. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Cu/Cu2O hollow spheres with enhanced photocatalytic and gas sensing activities at room temperature[J]. Dalton Trans., 2015, 44(17):7811-7821.
[26] SUN S D, KONG C C, YOU H J, et al. Facet-selective growth of CuCu2O heterogeneous architectures[J]. Crystengcomm, 2012, 14(1):40-43.
[27] KONG L, CHEN W, MA D, et al. Size control of Au@Cu2O octahedra for excellent photocatalytic performance[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22(22):719-724.
[28] CHU C Y, HUANG M H. Facet-dependent photocatalytic properties of Cu2O crystals probed by electron, hole and radical scavengers[J]. J.Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5(29):15116-15123.
[29] LIANG Y, SHANG L, BIAN T, et al. Shape-controlled synthesis of polyhedral 50-facet Cu2O microcrystals with high-index facets[J].Crystengcomm, 2012, 14(13):4431-4436.
[30] HU F, ZOU Y Z, WANG L L, et al. Photostable Cu2O photoelectrodes fabricated by facile Zn-doping electrodeposition[J]. Int. J. Hydrogen.Energ., 2016, 41(34):15172-15180.
[31] HERING K P, KANDZIA C, BENZ J, et al. Hydrogen induced mobility enhancement in RF sputtered Cu2O thin films[J]. J. Appl.Phys., 2016, 120(18):318-326.
[32] HAN X, HE X X, WANG F, et al. Engineering an N-doped Cu2O@NC interface with long-lived photo-generated carriers for efficient photoredox catalysts[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5(21):10220-10226.
[33] ZHU H, DU M L, YU D L, et al. A new strategy for the surface-freeenergy-distribution induced selective growth and controlled formation of Cu2O-Au hierarchical heterostructures with a series of morphological evolutions[J]. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2013, 1(3):919-929.
[34] DENG X L, WANG C G, ZHOU E, et al. One-step solvothermal method to prepare Ag/Cu2O composite with enhanced photocatalytic properties[J]. Nanoscale. Res. Lett., 2016, 11(1):29-41.
[35] LI L L, CHEN X B, WU Y E, et al. Pd-Cu2O and Ag-Cu2O hybrid concave nanomaterials for an effective synergistic catalyst[J]. Angew.Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52(42):11049-11053.
[36] MOUSAVI-KAMAZANI M, ZARGHAMI Z, RAHMATOLAHZADEH R, et al. Solvent-free synthesis of Cu-Cu2O nanocomposites via green thermal decomposition route using novel precursor and investigation of its photocatalytic activity[J]. Adv. Powder. Technol., 2017, 28(9):2078-2086.
[37] TAO S, YANG M, CHEN H H, et al. Microfluidic synthesis of Ag@Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity[J]. J. Colloid. Interf. Sci., 2017, 486:16-26.
[38] YIN H Y, WANG X L, WANG L, et al. Cu2O/TiO2heterostructured hollow sphere with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity[J].Mater. Res. Bull., 2015, 72:176-183.
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