不同无机填料对聚氨酯阻尼材料性能的影响
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摘要
以聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、端羟基硅油为原料,1,4丁二醇(BDO)作为扩链剂,采用预聚体法制得无填料填充的聚氨酯、不同质量分数绢云母改性聚氨酯、不同质量分数滑石粉改性聚氨酯的3种复合材料,采用动态力学分析(DMA)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合材料的阻尼性能、耐热性能、表面形貌进行表征,并对复合材料的力学性能进行测试。结果表明,添加两种不同无机填料后,复合材料的热稳定性、力学性能以及阻尼性能都有不同程度的改善。添加10%的绢云母和10%的滑石粉后,最大损耗因子(tanδ)分别由0.372提升至0.436和0.440,而Tg向低温方向偏移,10%绢云母改性的复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度分别由5.16MPa、432%、65提高到8.47MPa、468%、85;10%滑石粉改性后复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、邵氏硬度提高至7MPa、470%、82;在失重率为5%时,相比于未添加无机填料的聚氨酯,10%绢云母和10%滑石粉改性后的初始分解温度分别提高了52.67℃和55.8℃。
Polyurethane composites were prepared from polyoxypropylene diol(PPG) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI-100) using the chain extender of 1,4 butanediol(BDO) and added with two kinds of inorganic fillers including sericite and talcum powder. The damping properties,themostability and morphology were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that when two different inorganic fillers were added, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and damping properties of the composites were improved to different extents. After adding 10% sericite and 10%talcum powder, the maximum loss factor(tanδ) was increased from 0.372 to 0.436 and 0.440, respectively,and the Tgwas slightly shifted toward the low temperature. The tensile strength, elongation at break and Shore hardness of 10% sericite-modified composites increased from 5.16 MPa, 432%, and 65 to 8.47 MPa,468%, and 85, respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break, Shore hardness of 10% talcum powder-modified composite increased to 7 MPa, 470%, 82. When the weight loss rate was 5%, the initial decomposition temperature after modification of 10% sericite and 10% talcum powder was increased by52.67℃ and 55.8℃, respectively, compared with the silicone modified polyurethane material without inorganic filler.
Polyurethane composites were prepared from polyoxypropylene diol(PPG) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate(MDI-100) using the chain extender of 1,4 butanediol(BDO) and added with two kinds of inorganic fillers including sericite and talcum powder. The damping properties,themostability and morphology were characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results showed that when two different inorganic fillers were added, the mechanical properties, thermal stability and damping properties of the composites were improved to different extents. After adding 10% sericite and 10%talcum powder, the maximum loss factor(tanδ) was increased from 0.372 to 0.436 and 0.440, respectively,and the Tgwas slightly shifted toward the low temperature. The tensile strength, elongation at break and Shore hardness of 10% sericite-modified composites increased from 5.16 MPa, 432%, and 65 to 8.47 MPa,468%, and 85, respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break, Shore hardness of 10% talcum powder-modified composite increased to 7 MPa, 470%, 82. When the weight loss rate was 5%, the initial decomposition temperature after modification of 10% sericite and 10% talcum powder was increased by52.67℃ and 55.8℃, respectively, compared with the silicone modified polyurethane material without inorganic filler.
引文
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[13] LI A, WANG A, CHEN J. Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite.Ⅰ. Synthesis and characterization[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010, 92(3):1596-1603.
[14]陈晓东,周南桥,张海,等.聚氨酯弹性体微相分离及其结构的研究方法(Ⅰ)热分析技术的应用[J].弹性体, 2008,18(5):58-65.CHEN Xiaodong, ZHOU Nanqiao, ZHANG Hai, et al. Research on microphase separation and structure of polyurethane elastomers(Ⅰ)Application of thermal analysis technology[J]. Elastomer, 2008, 18(5):58-65.
[2]闫晓琦,尹朝辉,罗顺,等.聚氨酯阻尼材料的研究进展[J].中国胶粘剂, 2018(4):433-442.YAN Xiaoqi, YIN Zhaohui, LUO Shun, et al. Research progress of polyurethane damping materials[J]. Chinese Adhesive, 2018(4):433-442.
[3]周成飞.聚氨酯微相分离研究及其主要进展[J].化工时刊, 2012, 26(12):20-26.ZHOU Chengfei. Study on polyurethane microphase separation and its main progress[J]. Chemical Industry, 2012, 26(12):20-26.
[4]宋颖薇.聚氨酯弹性体的分子结构设计与阻尼性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学, 2008.SONG Yinwei. Molecular structure design and damping properties of polyurethane elastomers[D]. Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2008.
[5] TRAKULSUJARITCHOK T, HOURSTON D J. Damping characteristics and mechanical properties of silica filled PUR/PEMA simultaneous interpenetrating polymer networks[J]. European Polymer Journal, 2006, 42(11):2968-2976.
[6]赵培仲,花兴艳,朱金华,等.利用粘弹性阻尼结构研究聚氨酯的阻尼性能[J].弹性体, 2005, 15(2):37-39.ZHAO Peizhong, HUA Xingyan, ZHU Jinhua, et al. Study on damping properties of polyurethane using viscoelastic damping structure[J].Elastomer, 2005,15(2):37-39.
[7]胡毅钧,欧阳肖,仲耿,等.玻璃鳞片对聚氨酯复合结构的阻尼性能影响[J].中国材料进展, 2014(s1):614-617.HU Yijun, OUYANG Xiao, ZHONG Geng, et al. Effect of glass scales on damping properties of polyurethane composite structures[J].Chinese Material Progress,2014(s1):614-617.
[8]熊军,孙芳,杜洪光.丙酮-二正丁胺滴定法测定聚氨酯中的异氰酸酯基[J].分析实验室, 2007, 26(8):73-76.XIONG Jun, SUN Fang, DU Hongguang. Determination of isocyanate groups in polyurethane by acetone-di-n-butylamine titration[J].Analytical Laboratory, 2007, 26(8):73-76.
[9] COLEMAN M M, LEE K H, SKROVANEK D J, et al. Hydrogen bonding in polymers. 4. Infrared temperature studies of a simple polyurethane[J]. Macromolecules, 1986, 19(8):2149-2157.
[10]陈大柱,梁谷岩,何平笙.颗粒填充复合材料的界面层研究[J].功能高分子学报, 2002, 15(2):185-188.CHEN Dazhu, Liang Guyan, HE Pingsheng. Study on interfacial layer of particle-filled composites[J]. Journal of Functional Polymers, 2002,15(2):185-188.
[11]邵迪,刁建志,王丽洁,等.聚氨酯/无机填料复合弹性体的制备及性能研究[J].化工新型材料, 2016(10):150-152.SHAO Di, DIAO Jianzhi, WANG Lijie, et al. Preparation and properties of polyurethane/inorganic filler composite elastomer[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2016(10):150-152.
[12]刘希斌,李万捷,林殷雷.不同无机填料对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响[J].山西化工, 2011, 31(5):5-9.LIU Xibin, LI Wanjie, LIN Yinlei. Effect of different inorganic fillers on properties of polyurethane elastomers[J]. Shanxi Chemical Industry,2011, 31(5):5-9.
[13] LI A, WANG A, CHEN J. Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite.Ⅰ. Synthesis and characterization[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010, 92(3):1596-1603.
[14]陈晓东,周南桥,张海,等.聚氨酯弹性体微相分离及其结构的研究方法(Ⅰ)热分析技术的应用[J].弹性体, 2008,18(5):58-65.CHEN Xiaodong, ZHOU Nanqiao, ZHANG Hai, et al. Research on microphase separation and structure of polyurethane elastomers(Ⅰ)Application of thermal analysis technology[J]. Elastomer, 2008, 18(5):58-65.