抗病小黑麦异染色体系的创制与鉴定
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摘要
黑麦属作为小麦的三级基因源,具有抗多种病害及耐逆性强等特性,是小麦遗传改良重要的近缘植物之一。本研究利用CIMMYT引进的六倍体小黑麦20090148与普通小麦材料复合杂交,从杂交后代中筛选出了四份遗传稳定、综合农艺性状优良的材料:127-12-2、134-5-1、131-2-3和125-3-1,对其抗病性等性状特点进行鉴定,并利用寡核苷酸探针套进行染色体原位杂交鉴定,以明确其遗传组成。结果表明127-12-2、134-5-1和125-3-1为小麦-黑麦渐渗系,131-2-3为代换系;通过将131-2-3与其亲本进行核型比对,发现其染色体组成。四份小黑麦材料的性状和遗传组成鉴定,将为它们在小麦遗传改良上的进一步应用奠定基础。
Secale, as a third-level gene source of wheat, has resistance to a variety of diseases and tolerance to adverse situations and is one of the important relative plants of wheat genetic improvement. In this study,the hexaploid Triticale 200901489 introduced from CIMMYT was crossed with several commom wheats,and four materials with stable heredity and excellent agronomic characters were selected from their hybrid offsprings: 127-12-2, 134-5-1, 131-2-3 and 125-3-1. The characteristics of disease resistance and other traits were identified. Chromosome in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probe set was used to identify their genetic composition. The results showed that 127-12-2, 134-5-1 and 125-3-1 were wheat-rye introgression lines and 131-2-3 was substitution line. The chromosome composition of 131-2-3 had been found by comparing karyotypes with its parents. The identification of traits and genetic composition of four Triticale materials would lay a foundation for their further application in wheat genetic improvement.
Secale, as a third-level gene source of wheat, has resistance to a variety of diseases and tolerance to adverse situations and is one of the important relative plants of wheat genetic improvement. In this study,the hexaploid Triticale 200901489 introduced from CIMMYT was crossed with several commom wheats,and four materials with stable heredity and excellent agronomic characters were selected from their hybrid offsprings: 127-12-2, 134-5-1, 131-2-3 and 125-3-1. The characteristics of disease resistance and other traits were identified. Chromosome in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probe set was used to identify their genetic composition. The results showed that 127-12-2, 134-5-1 and 125-3-1 were wheat-rye introgression lines and 131-2-3 was substitution line. The chromosome composition of 131-2-3 had been found by comparing karyotypes with its parents. The identification of traits and genetic composition of four Triticale materials would lay a foundation for their further application in wheat genetic improvement.
引文
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[2] 郝晨阳,王兰芬,张学勇,等.我国育成小麦品种的遗传多样性演变[J].中国科学C辑:生命科学,2005,35(5):408-415.
[3] 毛勇.小麦高抗条锈病新品系98-1054系列的分子细胞遗传学鉴定[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2012.
[4] 贾举庆,郭红媛,李倩冉,等.抗条锈小麦-非洲黑麦渐渗系的分子细胞学鉴定[J].山西农业大学学报,2012,32(4):301-306.
[5] 李宇新,张利国,厉永鹏,等.小麦-黑麦二体代换系间杂交诱导染色体易位的研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(30):41-44.
[6] 李立会,李秀全,杨欣明.小麦种质资源描述规范和数据标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[7] 盛宝钦.用反应型记载小麦苗期白粉病[J].植物保护,1988(1):49.
[8] Dolezel J,Cihalikova J,Lucretti S.A high yield procedure for isolation of metaphase chromosomes from root tips of Vicia faba [J].Planta,1992,188:93-98.
[9] Dolezel J,Cihalikova J,Weiserova J,et al.Cell cycle synchronization in plant root meristems [J].Methods Cell Sci.,1999,21:95-107.
[10] Du P,Zhuang L,Wang Y,et al.Development of oligonucleotides and multiplex probes for quick and accurate identification of wheat and Thinopyrum bessarabicum chromosomes [J].Genome,2017,60(2):93-103.
[11] Zhuang L F,Liu P,Liu Z Q,et al.Multiple structural aberrations and physical mapping of rye chromosome 2R introgressed into wheat [J].Mol.Breed.,2015,35:133.
[12] 孙媛媛,杜秉昊,汪慧,等.小麦改良的可利用资源:黑麦抗病基因[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(2):327-332.
[13] Basnet B R,Singh R P,Ibrahim A M H,et al.Characterization of Yr54 and other genes associated with adult plant resistance to yellow rust and leaf rust in common wheat Quaiu 3[J].Molercular Breeding,2014,33(2):385-399.
[14] 赵毓,王长有,刘新伦,等.小麦-黑麦衍生系的细胞学和抗病性鉴定[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(6):74-77.
[15] 张怀琼,任正隆.黑麦抗条锈病基因对小麦高产品种绵阳 11的直接转移[J].四川农业大学学报,2011,9(3):193-196.
[16] 雷孟平.小麦-非洲黑麦抗性新种质的分子细胞遗传学鉴定[D].成都:电子科技大学,2013.