地下河系统水动态监测网络优化对比分析:以桂林海洋-寨底地下河系统为例
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摘要
基于我国南方地区岩溶发育极不均匀、水位水质动态变化快的特点,通过对信息熵法和防污性能法所得结果的对比,分析在缺少系列监测资料条件下,利用岩溶水系统防污性能评价结果快速布设地下河系统水动态监测网的可行性及其布设原则。根据防污性能评价结果,结合水循环特征,桂林海洋-寨底地下河系统水动态监测网需由17个监测站组成;采用信息熵法对现有35个监测站进行优化后,认为只需要12个监测站就可组成最优监测网,但这12个监测站点与采用防污性能评价法得到的点位完全重合,且均位于防污性能差的地区。对比分析认为,以地下水系统防污性能评价结果布设地下水动态监测网是可行性的,因为岩溶发育区既是防污性能差的地区,也是地下水动态变化快的地区,能充分反映地下河系统水质水量变化。采用防污性能评价法布设地下水动态监测网时,需要充分认识和了解地下河系统水文地质条件和地下河管道结构特征,且需要遵循以下原则:(1)在岩溶发育相对较弱的系统中部(基本上不存在防污性能差的地区)不设置监测站点;(2)在距离地下河出口较近的岩溶发育区内(即防污性能差的地区)监测站点可由地下河出口替代;(3)对于多支管道系统,岩溶发育相对较弱且距离较短的小型支管道上可以不布设监测站,由支管道与主管道交汇处的监测站代替。
Based on the characteristics of the karst areas of southern China,i.e.uneven karst development and fast dynamic change of water level and water quality,and by comparison of the optimization results obtained by information entropy and vulnerability methods,we investigated the feasibility of rapid deployment of water dynamic monitoring network in underground river system using only the vulnerability results on the premise that monitoring data series are lacking.According to the partition of vulnerability assessment,the water regime monitoring network of the Haiyang-Zhaidi underground river system needs 17 monitoring stations.After optimizing the existing 35 monitoring stations by information entropy method,we determined that only 12 are needed to form an optimal monitoring network.These 12 monitoring stations,however,were among those identified by the vulnerability assessment method,and all of them are located in the areas of high vulnerability.Our comparative analysis showed that it is feasible to set up groundwater regime monitoring network based on vulnerability assessment.This is because the karst development area not only has high vulnerability,but also subjects to fast groundwater regime change,which can fully reflect the changes of water quality and quantity in underground river system.However,when using the vulnerability assessment method to set up the monitoring network,one needs to fully recognize and understand the characteristics of underground river system's hydrogeological conditions and pipeline structures,and adhere to the following requirements:1)In the middle of the river system where karst development is relatively weak and high vulnerability areas almost non exist,monitoring stations are not needed;2)In karst development areas(areas with high vulnerability)near the outlet of underground rivers,monitoring stations can be replaced with underground rivers outlets;and 3)For small and short pipeline branches in a multiplepipe system,where karst development is relatively weak,monitoring can be done instead by monitoring stations at the intersection of branch and main pipelines.
Based on the characteristics of the karst areas of southern China,i.e.uneven karst development and fast dynamic change of water level and water quality,and by comparison of the optimization results obtained by information entropy and vulnerability methods,we investigated the feasibility of rapid deployment of water dynamic monitoring network in underground river system using only the vulnerability results on the premise that monitoring data series are lacking.According to the partition of vulnerability assessment,the water regime monitoring network of the Haiyang-Zhaidi underground river system needs 17 monitoring stations.After optimizing the existing 35 monitoring stations by information entropy method,we determined that only 12 are needed to form an optimal monitoring network.These 12 monitoring stations,however,were among those identified by the vulnerability assessment method,and all of them are located in the areas of high vulnerability.Our comparative analysis showed that it is feasible to set up groundwater regime monitoring network based on vulnerability assessment.This is because the karst development area not only has high vulnerability,but also subjects to fast groundwater regime change,which can fully reflect the changes of water quality and quantity in underground river system.However,when using the vulnerability assessment method to set up the monitoring network,one needs to fully recognize and understand the characteristics of underground river system's hydrogeological conditions and pipeline structures,and adhere to the following requirements:1)In the middle of the river system where karst development is relatively weak and high vulnerability areas almost non exist,monitoring stations are not needed;2)In karst development areas(areas with high vulnerability)near the outlet of underground rivers,monitoring stations can be replaced with underground rivers outlets;and 3)For small and short pipeline branches in a multiplepipe system,where karst development is relatively weak,monitoring can be done instead by monitoring stations at the intersection of branch and main pipelines.
引文
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[21]章程,蒋勇军,MICHELE L,等.岩溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(4):334-340.
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[25]HARMANCIOGLU N B,NECDET A.Water quality monitoring network design:aproblem of multi-objective decision making[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1992,28(1):179-192.
[26]OZKUL S,HARMANCIOGLU N B,SINGH V P.Entropy-based assessment of water quality monitoring networks[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2000,5(1):90-100.
[27]陈颖.基于信息熵理论的水文站网评价优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[28]邹胜章,周长松,朱丹尼,等.西南主要城市地下水污染调查评价报告[R].桂林:中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,2016.
[29]魏明海,刘伟江,白福高,等.国内外地下水环境监测工作研究进展[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(5):15-18.
[30]郭燕莎,王劲峰,殷秀兰.地下水监测网优化方法研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(9):1159-1166.
[2]范宏喜.开启地下水监测新纪元:聚焦国家地下水监测工程建设[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(2):161-162.
[3]卢海军.北京市潮白河冲洪积扇地下水监测站网优化研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.
[4]时青,崔峻岭,张聿洵.Kriging插值法在大沽河地下水监测站网优化中的应用[J].人民珠江,2014,35(6):67-69.
[5]袁连新,余勇.聚类分析方法及其环境监测(水质分析)中的应用[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(12):267-270.
[6]梁康,杜利生.基于主成分分析法的吉林省西部潜水水质分析[J].东北水利水电,2007(10):55-57.
[7]VAN GEER F C,ZHOU Y X.Using Kalman filtering to improve and quantify the uncertainty of numerical grounderwater simulations[J].Water Recourse Research,1991,27(8):1987-1994.
[8]仵彦卿,边农方.岩溶地下水监测网优化分析[J].地学前缘,2003,10(4):637-643.
[9]NUNES L M,CUNHA M C,RIBEIRO L.Optimal spacetime coverage and exploration costs in groundwater monitoring networks[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2004,93:103-124.
[10]MOGHEIR Y,LIMA D,SINGH V P.Characterizing the spatial variability of groundwater quality using the entropy theory:I.Synthetic data[J].Hydrological Processes,2004,18:2165-2179.
[11]MOGHEIR Y,LIMA D,SINGH V P.Characterizing the spatial variability of groundwater quality using the entropy theory:II.Case study from Gaza Strip[J].Hydrological Processes,2004,18:2579-2590.
[12]陈植华.地下水观测网的若干问题与基于信息熵的研究方法[J].地学前缘,2001,8(1):135-142.
[13]陈植华,丁国平.应用信息熵方法对区域地下水观测网的优化研究[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2001,26(5):517-523.
[14]陈植华.应用信息熵方法对地下水观测网的层次分类:以河北平原地下水观测网为例[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,29(3):24-28.
[15]杨雪.武汉市某岩溶塌陷地区地下水位监测网密度优化[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2016.
[16]林茂,苏婧,孙源媛,等.基于脆弱性的地下水污染监测网多目标优化方法[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(1):79-86.
[17]罗明明,尹德超,张亮,等.南方岩溶含水系统结构识别方法初探[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(6):543-550.
[18]覃星铭,蒋忠诚,蓝芙宁,等.南洞地下河月径流时间序列的混沌特征及预测[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(4):341-347.
[19]易连兴,夏日元,王喆,等.岩溶峰丛洼地区降水入渗系数:以寨底岩溶地下河流域为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(4):512-517.
[20]邹胜章,李录娟,卢海平,等.岩溶地下水系统防污性能评价方法[J].地球学报,2014,35(2):262-268.
[21]章程,蒋勇军,MICHELE L,等.岩溶地下水脆弱性评价“二元法”及其在重庆金佛山的应用[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(4):334-340.
[22]邢立亭,吕华,高赞东,等.岩溶含水层脆弱性评价的COP法及其应用[J].有色金属,2009,61(3):138-141.
[23]FRED H.An introduction to information and communication theory[M].Boston,US:Addision-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc,1974.
[24]AMOROCHO J,ESPLIDORA B.Entropy in the assessment of uncertainty of hydrologic systems and models[J].Water Resources Research,1973,9:1522-1551.
[25]HARMANCIOGLU N B,NECDET A.Water quality monitoring network design:aproblem of multi-objective decision making[J].Water Resources Bulletin,1992,28(1):179-192.
[26]OZKUL S,HARMANCIOGLU N B,SINGH V P.Entropy-based assessment of water quality monitoring networks[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2000,5(1):90-100.
[27]陈颖.基于信息熵理论的水文站网评价优化研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[28]邹胜章,周长松,朱丹尼,等.西南主要城市地下水污染调查评价报告[R].桂林:中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,2016.
[29]魏明海,刘伟江,白福高,等.国内外地下水环境监测工作研究进展[J].环境保护科学,2016,42(5):15-18.
[30]郭燕莎,王劲峰,殷秀兰.地下水监测网优化方法研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(9):1159-1166.