荒漠生态资产核算与生态补偿对策（英文）
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摘要
把荒漠变资源,把资源变资产,把资产变现钱?科学系统评估荒漠生态资产,把荒漠生态资产核算与国民经济核算体系对接、纳入现行经济社会发展评价体系,为建立体现生态文明要求的目标体系与奖惩机制提供科学依据和数据支撑,并最终制定政策实现对荒漠生态系统的有效、合理的补偿。首先,本文将界定荒漠生态资产概念,阐述荒漠生态资产的内涵;其次,基于荒漠生态系统服务评估,构建一套荒漠生态资产评估体系,为定量评估荒漠生态资产与编制荒漠生态资产负债表奠定基础;最后,本文将梳理现行的荒漠生态补偿政策,探讨如何基于荒漠生态资产评估来设计荒漠生态补偿政策,提供完善荒漠生态补偿政策的对策建议。
Can deserts be transformed into resources, into assets, and further into cash? It is necessary to scientifically assess desert ecological assets and incorporate them into the national economic accounting system and the current evaluation system for socio-economic development. This study will provide a scientific basis and robust data for establishing a target system that is compatible with both ecological civilization and an associated reward and punishment mechanism, as well as for designing and implementing effective compensation policies for desert ecosystems. This paper first defines desert ecological assets, and then develops a framework for assessing them based on the evaluation of desert ecological resources and desert ecosystem services. This framework paves the foundation for quantitatively assessing desert ecological assets and preparing balance sheets of desert ecological assets. Finally, this paper analyzes current policies relating to desert ecological compensation, discusses how to design compensation policies based on assessment of desert ecological assets, and puts forward suggestions for improving current policies.
Can deserts be transformed into resources, into assets, and further into cash? It is necessary to scientifically assess desert ecological assets and incorporate them into the national economic accounting system and the current evaluation system for socio-economic development. This study will provide a scientific basis and robust data for establishing a target system that is compatible with both ecological civilization and an associated reward and punishment mechanism, as well as for designing and implementing effective compensation policies for desert ecosystems. This paper first defines desert ecological assets, and then develops a framework for assessing them based on the evaluation of desert ecological resources and desert ecosystem services. This framework paves the foundation for quantitatively assessing desert ecological assets and preparing balance sheets of desert ecological assets. Finally, this paper analyzes current policies relating to desert ecological compensation, discusses how to design compensation policies based on assessment of desert ecological assets, and puts forward suggestions for improving current policies.
引文
Chen B,Huang X.2003.Review and regional planning of ecological assets in China.Journal of China Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,24(6):20-24.(in Chinese)
Cheng L,Guo H,Wu B,et al.2016.Evaluation framework and methods for assessing desert ecosystem functions and services.Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering,2(1):12-18.(in Chinese)
Daly H E.1996.Beyond growth:the economics of sustainable development.Beacon Press.
Gao J,Fan X.2007.Connotation,traits and research trends of eco-assets.Research of Environmental Sciences,20(5):137-143.(in Chinese)
Gao J,Fan X,Cheng Y,et al.2013.Assessment of regional ecological assets:theory,methods and application.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
General Office of the State Council.2016.Opinions on improve the ecological protection and compensation mechanism.(in Chinese)
Hicks J.1974.Capital controversies:ancient and modern.The American Economic Review,1974:307-316.
Li Guoping,Li Xiao,Xiao Daiji.2013.Discussion on the theoretical standard and assessment method of ecological compensation.Economist,2013(2):42-49.(in Chinese)
Li X,Miao H,Zheng H,et al.2009.Main methods for setting ecological compensation standard and their application.Acta Ecologica Sinica,29(8):4431-4440.(in Chinese)
Lu Q,Wu B,Guo H,et al.2016.Function assessment and service valuation of desert ecosystem in China.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Luo Baohua,Zhang Caihong.2014.Evolutionary game analysis on behavior of stakeholders in the desert ecological compensation.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences.42(19):174-178,187.(in Chinese)
Ouyang Z,Zhu C,Yang G,et al.2013.Gross ecosystem product:concept,accounting framework and case study.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(21):6747-6761.(in Chinese)
Pan Hongxing.2008.Thoughts on establishment of desertification ecological compensation mechanism.Forestry Economics,2008(8):68-71.(in Chinese)
Pearce D W,Turner R.K.1990.Economics of natural resources and the environment.JHU Press.
State Forestry Administration,Ministry of Finance.2009.Administrative measures for compensation fund for forest ecological benefit of central government.(in Chinese)
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.2015.The general plans for the reform of the ecological civilization.(in Chinese)
United Nations,European Commission,FAO,OECD,WB.2014.System of environmental-economic accounting 2012:Experimental ecosystem accounting.New York.
Wang J,Wang R.2001.The Introduction of China’s Ecological Assets.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press.(in Chinese)
Yan L,Tan B,Liu J.2009.Eco-capitalization:the realization of the value of ecological resources.Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,2:3-8.(in Chinese)
Cheng L,Guo H,Wu B,et al.2016.Evaluation framework and methods for assessing desert ecosystem functions and services.Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering,2(1):12-18.(in Chinese)
Daly H E.1996.Beyond growth:the economics of sustainable development.Beacon Press.
Gao J,Fan X.2007.Connotation,traits and research trends of eco-assets.Research of Environmental Sciences,20(5):137-143.(in Chinese)
Gao J,Fan X,Cheng Y,et al.2013.Assessment of regional ecological assets:theory,methods and application.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
General Office of the State Council.2016.Opinions on improve the ecological protection and compensation mechanism.(in Chinese)
Hicks J.1974.Capital controversies:ancient and modern.The American Economic Review,1974:307-316.
Li Guoping,Li Xiao,Xiao Daiji.2013.Discussion on the theoretical standard and assessment method of ecological compensation.Economist,2013(2):42-49.(in Chinese)
Li X,Miao H,Zheng H,et al.2009.Main methods for setting ecological compensation standard and their application.Acta Ecologica Sinica,29(8):4431-4440.(in Chinese)
Lu Q,Wu B,Guo H,et al.2016.Function assessment and service valuation of desert ecosystem in China.Beijing:Science Press.(in Chinese)
Luo Baohua,Zhang Caihong.2014.Evolutionary game analysis on behavior of stakeholders in the desert ecological compensation.Guangdong Agricultural Sciences.42(19):174-178,187.(in Chinese)
Ouyang Z,Zhu C,Yang G,et al.2013.Gross ecosystem product:concept,accounting framework and case study.Acta Ecologica Sinica,33(21):6747-6761.(in Chinese)
Pan Hongxing.2008.Thoughts on establishment of desertification ecological compensation mechanism.Forestry Economics,2008(8):68-71.(in Chinese)
Pearce D W,Turner R.K.1990.Economics of natural resources and the environment.JHU Press.
State Forestry Administration,Ministry of Finance.2009.Administrative measures for compensation fund for forest ecological benefit of central government.(in Chinese)
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.2015.The general plans for the reform of the ecological civilization.(in Chinese)
United Nations,European Commission,FAO,OECD,WB.2014.System of environmental-economic accounting 2012:Experimental ecosystem accounting.New York.
Wang J,Wang R.2001.The Introduction of China’s Ecological Assets.Nanjing:Jiangsu Science and Technology Press.(in Chinese)
Yan L,Tan B,Liu J.2009.Eco-capitalization:the realization of the value of ecological resources.Journal of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,2:3-8.(in Chinese)