副语言与同传效果评价初探
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摘要
在口译中,副语言不仅能影响译员对源语的理解,也会对译员和听众之间的信息传递造成影响。通过问卷调查,本研究发现:副语言因素会影响听众对同传效果的评价,程度各不相同。其中,语调、有声停顿和语速与同传评价之间存在强相关关系。副语言因素之间也存在相互联系。受访者的反馈显示,尽管听众最关注口译的内容,但口译产出中副语言的不良表现会影响到听众的理解过程甚至造成信息丢失。关注口译产出中副语言对提升口译交际效果和听众满意度十分必要。
In interpreting,paralanguage can affect interpreters' comprehension of the source language and the information transmission from interpreters to the audience. Using a questionnaire,this research discovers that paralinguistic factors can influence the evaluation of simultaneous interpreting performance to some extent from the perspective of the audience. Intonation,filled pauses and tempo are found to have a strong correlation with interpreting evaluation. Some interrelations also exist among paralinguistic factors. According to the participants' feedback,although content remains the first concern of the audience,bad paralinguistic performance in the interpreting output can impair the understanding process of the audience and even lead to loss of information. It is therefore of significance for interpreters to pay more attention to the paralanguage in the interpreting output in order to make the interpreting more effective in communication and improve the degree of satisfaction from the audience on the interpreting performance.
In interpreting,paralanguage can affect interpreters' comprehension of the source language and the information transmission from interpreters to the audience. Using a questionnaire,this research discovers that paralinguistic factors can influence the evaluation of simultaneous interpreting performance to some extent from the perspective of the audience. Intonation,filled pauses and tempo are found to have a strong correlation with interpreting evaluation. Some interrelations also exist among paralinguistic factors. According to the participants' feedback,although content remains the first concern of the audience,bad paralinguistic performance in the interpreting output can impair the understanding process of the audience and even lead to loss of information. It is therefore of significance for interpreters to pay more attention to the paralanguage in the interpreting output in order to make the interpreting more effective in communication and improve the degree of satisfaction from the audience on the interpreting performance.
引文
[1]Knapp,M.Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction[M].New York:Holt,Rinehart and Winston,1972.
[2]P·chhacker,F.Introducing Interpreting Studies[M].London and New York:Routledge,2004.
[3]Jones,R.Conference Interpreting Explained[M].Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing,1998.
[4]Abercrombie,D.Paralanguage[J].International Journal of Language&Communication Disorders,1968:55-59.
[5]Trager,G.Paralanguage:A First Approximation[J].Studies in Linguistics,1958,(13):1-12.
[6]Key,M.R.Paralanguage and Kinesics:Nonverbal Communication[M].New Jersey:Scarecrow Press,1975.
[7]曹合建.副语言与话语意义[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),1997,(5):17-20.
[8]鲍刚.口译理论概述[M].北京:旅游教育版社,1998.
[9]Poyatos,F.Nonverbal Communication in Simultaneous Interpretation:A Theoretical Model and New Perspectives[A].In F.P·chhacker&M.Shlesinger(Eds.),The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2002a:235-46.
[10]Gerver,D.Aspects of Simultaneous Interpretation and Human Information Processing[D].Phil thesis,Oxford University,1971.
[11]Barik,H.Simultaneous Interpretation:Temporal and Quantitative Data[J].Language and Speech,1973,16(3),237-270.
[12]Gerver,D.The Effects of Source Language Presentation Rate on the Performance of Simultaneous Conference Interpreters[A].In F.P·chhacker&M.Shlesinger(Eds.),The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2002:53-66.
[13]蔡小红,方凡泉.论口译的质量与效果评估[J].外语与外语教学,2003(3):41-45.
[14]Moser-Mercer,B.Quality in Interpreting:Some Methodological Issues[J].The Interpreters'Newsletter,1996,7:43-55.
[15]Bühler,H.Linguistic(semantic)and Extralinguistic(pragmatic)Criteria for the Evaluation of Conference Interpretation and Interpreters[J].Multilingua,1986,5(4),231-235.
[16]Kurz,I.Conference Interpreting User Expectations[A].In Hammond,D.L.(Ed.),Coming of Age:Proceedings of the30th Annual Conference of the American Translators Association[C].Medford(NJ):Learned Information,1989:143-148.
[17]Kurz,I.Conference Interpretation:Expectations of Different User Groups[J].The Interpreters'Newsletter,1993,5:13-21.
[18]Kopczynski,A.Quality in Conference Interpreting:Some Pragmatic Problems[A].In S.Lambert&B.Moser-Mercer(Eds.),Bridging The Gap:Empirical Research in Simultaneous Interpreting[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1994:87-99.
[19]张威.口译质量评估:以服务对象为依据---一项基于现场口译活动的调查研究报告[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2008(5):84-89.
[20]Shlesinger,M.Intonation in the Production and Perception of Simultaneous Interpretation[A].In S.Lambert&B.Moser-Mercer(Eds.),Bridging the Gap:Empirical Research in Simultaneous Interpretation[C].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1994:225-236.
[21]Collados Aís,A.Quality Assessment in Simultaneous Interpreting:The Importance of Nonverbal Communication[A].In F.P·chhacker&M.Shlesinger(Eds.),The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2002:327-366.
[22]Poyatos,F.Nonverbal Communication across Disciplines:Paralanguage,Kinesics,Silence,Personal and Environmental Interaction[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2002b.
[23]陈菁.视译[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2011.
[2]P·chhacker,F.Introducing Interpreting Studies[M].London and New York:Routledge,2004.
[3]Jones,R.Conference Interpreting Explained[M].Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing,1998.
[4]Abercrombie,D.Paralanguage[J].International Journal of Language&Communication Disorders,1968:55-59.
[5]Trager,G.Paralanguage:A First Approximation[J].Studies in Linguistics,1958,(13):1-12.
[6]Key,M.R.Paralanguage and Kinesics:Nonverbal Communication[M].New Jersey:Scarecrow Press,1975.
[7]曹合建.副语言与话语意义[J].外国语(上海外国语大学学报),1997,(5):17-20.
[8]鲍刚.口译理论概述[M].北京:旅游教育版社,1998.
[9]Poyatos,F.Nonverbal Communication in Simultaneous Interpretation:A Theoretical Model and New Perspectives[A].In F.P·chhacker&M.Shlesinger(Eds.),The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2002a:235-46.
[10]Gerver,D.Aspects of Simultaneous Interpretation and Human Information Processing[D].Phil thesis,Oxford University,1971.
[11]Barik,H.Simultaneous Interpretation:Temporal and Quantitative Data[J].Language and Speech,1973,16(3),237-270.
[12]Gerver,D.The Effects of Source Language Presentation Rate on the Performance of Simultaneous Conference Interpreters[A].In F.P·chhacker&M.Shlesinger(Eds.),The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2002:53-66.
[13]蔡小红,方凡泉.论口译的质量与效果评估[J].外语与外语教学,2003(3):41-45.
[14]Moser-Mercer,B.Quality in Interpreting:Some Methodological Issues[J].The Interpreters'Newsletter,1996,7:43-55.
[15]Bühler,H.Linguistic(semantic)and Extralinguistic(pragmatic)Criteria for the Evaluation of Conference Interpretation and Interpreters[J].Multilingua,1986,5(4),231-235.
[16]Kurz,I.Conference Interpreting User Expectations[A].In Hammond,D.L.(Ed.),Coming of Age:Proceedings of the30th Annual Conference of the American Translators Association[C].Medford(NJ):Learned Information,1989:143-148.
[17]Kurz,I.Conference Interpretation:Expectations of Different User Groups[J].The Interpreters'Newsletter,1993,5:13-21.
[18]Kopczynski,A.Quality in Conference Interpreting:Some Pragmatic Problems[A].In S.Lambert&B.Moser-Mercer(Eds.),Bridging The Gap:Empirical Research in Simultaneous Interpreting[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1994:87-99.
[19]张威.口译质量评估:以服务对象为依据---一项基于现场口译活动的调查研究报告[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2008(5):84-89.
[20]Shlesinger,M.Intonation in the Production and Perception of Simultaneous Interpretation[A].In S.Lambert&B.Moser-Mercer(Eds.),Bridging the Gap:Empirical Research in Simultaneous Interpretation[C].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,1994:225-236.
[21]Collados Aís,A.Quality Assessment in Simultaneous Interpreting:The Importance of Nonverbal Communication[A].In F.P·chhacker&M.Shlesinger(Eds.),The Interpreting Studies Reader[C].London and New York:Routledge,2002:327-366.
[22]Poyatos,F.Nonverbal Communication across Disciplines:Paralanguage,Kinesics,Silence,Personal and Environmental Interaction[M].Amsterdam/Philadelphia:John Benjamins Publishing Company,2002b.
[23]陈菁.视译[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2011.