L80-1油井套管钢在模拟井下环境中的腐蚀行为
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摘要
近年来,部分中东油田含水率持续增加,L80-1油井套管在CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-体系中的腐蚀风险增大。为此,利用腐蚀挂片与高温高压电化学测量装置研究了模拟井下环境中不同含水率、CO_2分压、Cl~-含量对L80-1套管钢腐蚀的影响和电化学腐蚀机理。结果表明:在85℃、1 000 mg/L H_2S和60 r/min的条件下,L80-1钢的腐蚀速率随着含水率和CO_2分压的增加而增加,在含水率为30%～40%时,由于油水混合状态发生突变,导致腐蚀速率陡增。而在高浓度Cl~-条件下,腐蚀速率随着Cl~-浓度的增加而下降。在CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-腐蚀体系中,L80-1表面腐蚀产物呈现复杂的微观形态,成分分布不均匀,均匀腐蚀产物主要为碳酸盐,局部腐蚀产物以Fe S为主。L80-1钢在研究环境中的电化学腐蚀机理为活化极化控制,因此升高温度会加剧腐蚀。总体而言,在高盐度CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-腐蚀环境中,含水率对于L80-1钢的腐蚀影响最为严重,其次是CO_2分压,H_2S的存在并没有改变其他腐蚀因素对L80-1钢的腐蚀影响规律。
In recent years,the water content of the partial oil filed in the Middle East increased,which led to the increase of corrosion risks of L80-1 casing steel in CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-system. Therefore,the effects of different water content,CO_2 partial pressure and Cl~-concentration on the corrosion of L80-1 casing steel and the electrochemical corrosion mechanisms were investigated by weight loss and electrochemical measurements under high temperature in simulated downhole environment. Results showed that the corrosion rate of L80-1 steel increased with the increase of water content and CO_2 partial pressure with 1 000 mg/L H_2S and 60 r/min at 85 ℃. When the water content reached 30%-40%,the corrosion rate exhibited a sharp increase because of the change of the oil-water mixed status. Under the condition of high Cl~-concentration,the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of Cl~-content. In the corrosion system of CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-,the complex microscopic morphology of the corrosion product was covered on the surface of L80-1 steel and the composition was unevenly distributed. The uniform corrosion products were mainly carbonates,while there was mainly Fe S on local corrosion. Moreover,the electrochemical corrosion mechanism of L80-1 steel was controlled by activated polarization in the corrosion environment,and thus the corrosion was aggravated with the increasing temperature. Generally,in the high salinity environment with CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-,the water content affected the corrosion of L80-1 steel most seriously,and the CO_2 partial pressure was the secondary factor,as well as the presence of hydrogen sulfide didn't change the effects from other corrosion factors.
In recent years,the water content of the partial oil filed in the Middle East increased,which led to the increase of corrosion risks of L80-1 casing steel in CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-system. Therefore,the effects of different water content,CO_2 partial pressure and Cl~-concentration on the corrosion of L80-1 casing steel and the electrochemical corrosion mechanisms were investigated by weight loss and electrochemical measurements under high temperature in simulated downhole environment. Results showed that the corrosion rate of L80-1 steel increased with the increase of water content and CO_2 partial pressure with 1 000 mg/L H_2S and 60 r/min at 85 ℃. When the water content reached 30%-40%,the corrosion rate exhibited a sharp increase because of the change of the oil-water mixed status. Under the condition of high Cl~-concentration,the corrosion rate decreased with the increase of Cl~-content. In the corrosion system of CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-,the complex microscopic morphology of the corrosion product was covered on the surface of L80-1 steel and the composition was unevenly distributed. The uniform corrosion products were mainly carbonates,while there was mainly Fe S on local corrosion. Moreover,the electrochemical corrosion mechanism of L80-1 steel was controlled by activated polarization in the corrosion environment,and thus the corrosion was aggravated with the increasing temperature. Generally,in the high salinity environment with CO_2-H_2S-Cl~-,the water content affected the corrosion of L80-1 steel most seriously,and the CO_2 partial pressure was the secondary factor,as well as the presence of hydrogen sulfide didn't change the effects from other corrosion factors.
引文
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[4]FARELAS F,CHOI Y S,NESIC S,et al.Corrosion Behavior of Deep Water Oil Production Tubing Material Under Supercritical CO2Environment:Part 2-Effect of Crude Oil and Flow[J].Corrosion,2014,70(2):137-145.
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[6]程雅雯,赵会军,张璇,等.原油含水率和温度对X80钢腐蚀实验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2016,35(10):101-104.
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[8]胡丽华,常炜,余晓毅,等.CO2分压对碳钢海底管道CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(5):56-61.
[9]龙凤乐,郑文军,陈长风,等.温度、CO2分压、流速、p H值对X65管线钢CO2均匀腐蚀速率的影响规律[J].腐蚀与防护,2005,26(7):290-293.
[10]张清,李全安,文九巴,等.CO2分压对油管钢CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2004,16(4):72-74.
[11]YIN Z F,ZHAO W Z,BAI Z Q,et al.Corrosion Behavior of SM80SS Tube Steel in Stimulant Solution Containing H2Sand CO2[J].Electrochimica Acta,2008,53(10):3 690-3 700.
[12]López D A,Pérez T,Simison S N.The Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels in CO2,Corrosion.A State-of-the-Art Appraisal[J].Materials&Design,2003,24(8):561-575.
[13]KERMANI M B,MORSHED A B.Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production-A Compendium[J].Corrosion,2003,59(8):659-683.
[14]胡建春,胡松青,石鑫,等.CO2分压对碳钢腐蚀的影响及缓蚀性能研究[J].青岛大学学报(工程技术版),2009,24(2):90-93.
[15]刘晓玮,蔡庆伍,武会宾,等.CO2分压对X80管线钢腐蚀性能的影响[J].腐蚀与防护,2012,33(6):502-506.
[16]文鸿基,刘军,高元军,等.模拟油田H2S/CO2环境中油管钢的动态腐蚀行为研究[J].全面腐蚀控制,2010,24(10):34-36.
[17]刘会,赵国仙,韩勇,等.Cl-对油套管用P110钢腐蚀速率的影响[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(11):44-48.
[18]陈朝轶,杨京,李军旗,等.模拟海洋大气环境下Cl-质量分数对3003铝合金腐蚀行为的影响[J].表面技术,2015(3):116-121.
[19]FANG H,BROWN B,Ne2ic'S.High Salt Concentration Effect on CO2/H2S Corrosion:Corrosion 2010[C].Houston,Texas:NACE International,2010:Paper No.10276,1-29.
[20]LIU S,SUN H,SUN L,et al.Effects of p H and Cl-Concentration on Corrosion Behavior of The Galvanized Steel in Simulated Rust Layer Solution[J].Corrosion Science,2012,65(12):520-527.
[21]MAO X,LIU X,REVIE R W.Pitting Corrosion of Pipeline Steel in Dilute Bicarbonate Solution with Chloride Ions[J].Corrosion-Houston Tx-,1994,50(9):651-657.
[22]VIDEM K,KOREN A M.Corrosion,Passivity,and Pitting of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Solutions of HCO-3,CO2,and Cl-[J].Corrosion,1993,49(9):746-754.
[23]MASAMURA K,HASHIZUME S,SAKAI J,et al.Polarization Behavior of High-Alloy OCTG in CO2Environment as Affected by Chlorides and Sulfides[J].Corrosion,1987,43(6):359-365.
[24]AL-MUHANNA K,HABIB K.Experimental Study on the Effect of the Water-Cut Conditions on the Performance of L80 Carbon Steel[J].Journal of Failure Analysis&Prevention,2013,13(1):98-101.
[25]LI D,ZHONG W,LU M,et al.Effect of Cl-Concentration on Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel under Sour Environment:Corrosion 2015[C].Dallas,Texas:NACE International,2015:1-12.
[26]BOISSY C,ALEMANY-DUMONT C,NORMAND B.EISEvaluation of Steady-state Characteristic of 316L Stainless Steel Passive Film Grown in Acidic Solution[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2013,26(1):10-12.
[2]KANG C,JEPSON W,GOPAL M.Study of Sweet Corrosion at Low Water Cut in Multiphase Pipelines:Society of Petroleum Engineers[C].Houston,Texas:SPE-56465-MS,1999:1-8.
[3]CASTILLO M,RINCON H,DUPLAT S,et al.Protective Properties of Crude Oils in CO2and H2S Corrosion:Corrosion 2000[C].Orlando,Florida:NACE International,2000:1-11.
[4]FARELAS F,CHOI Y S,NESIC S,et al.Corrosion Behavior of Deep Water Oil Production Tubing Material Under Supercritical CO2Environment:Part 2-Effect of Crude Oil and Flow[J].Corrosion,2014,70(2):137-145.
[5]陈立强,孙雨来,陈长风,等.N80油管在模拟凝析气田多相流环境中的CO2腐蚀行为研究[J].石油矿场机械,2010,39(10):55-59.
[6]程雅雯,赵会军,张璇,等.原油含水率和温度对X80钢腐蚀实验研究[J].油气田地面工程,2016,35(10):101-104.
[7]CUI Z D,WU S L,LI C F,et al.Corrosion behavior of oil tube steels under conditions of multiphase flow saturated with super-critical carbon dioxide[J].Materials Letters,2004,58(6):1 035-1 040.
[8]胡丽华,常炜,余晓毅,等.CO2分压对碳钢海底管道CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响[J].表面技术,2016,45(5):56-61.
[9]龙凤乐,郑文军,陈长风,等.温度、CO2分压、流速、p H值对X65管线钢CO2均匀腐蚀速率的影响规律[J].腐蚀与防护,2005,26(7):290-293.
[10]张清,李全安,文九巴,等.CO2分压对油管钢CO2/H2S腐蚀的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2004,16(4):72-74.
[11]YIN Z F,ZHAO W Z,BAI Z Q,et al.Corrosion Behavior of SM80SS Tube Steel in Stimulant Solution Containing H2Sand CO2[J].Electrochimica Acta,2008,53(10):3 690-3 700.
[12]López D A,Pérez T,Simison S N.The Influence of Microstructure and Chemical Composition of Carbon and Low Alloy Steels in CO2,Corrosion.A State-of-the-Art Appraisal[J].Materials&Design,2003,24(8):561-575.
[13]KERMANI M B,MORSHED A B.Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production-A Compendium[J].Corrosion,2003,59(8):659-683.
[14]胡建春,胡松青,石鑫,等.CO2分压对碳钢腐蚀的影响及缓蚀性能研究[J].青岛大学学报(工程技术版),2009,24(2):90-93.
[15]刘晓玮,蔡庆伍,武会宾,等.CO2分压对X80管线钢腐蚀性能的影响[J].腐蚀与防护,2012,33(6):502-506.
[16]文鸿基,刘军,高元军,等.模拟油田H2S/CO2环境中油管钢的动态腐蚀行为研究[J].全面腐蚀控制,2010,24(10):34-36.
[17]刘会,赵国仙,韩勇,等.Cl-对油套管用P110钢腐蚀速率的影响[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(11):44-48.
[18]陈朝轶,杨京,李军旗,等.模拟海洋大气环境下Cl-质量分数对3003铝合金腐蚀行为的影响[J].表面技术,2015(3):116-121.
[19]FANG H,BROWN B,Ne2ic'S.High Salt Concentration Effect on CO2/H2S Corrosion:Corrosion 2010[C].Houston,Texas:NACE International,2010:Paper No.10276,1-29.
[20]LIU S,SUN H,SUN L,et al.Effects of p H and Cl-Concentration on Corrosion Behavior of The Galvanized Steel in Simulated Rust Layer Solution[J].Corrosion Science,2012,65(12):520-527.
[21]MAO X,LIU X,REVIE R W.Pitting Corrosion of Pipeline Steel in Dilute Bicarbonate Solution with Chloride Ions[J].Corrosion-Houston Tx-,1994,50(9):651-657.
[22]VIDEM K,KOREN A M.Corrosion,Passivity,and Pitting of Carbon Steel in Aqueous Solutions of HCO-3,CO2,and Cl-[J].Corrosion,1993,49(9):746-754.
[23]MASAMURA K,HASHIZUME S,SAKAI J,et al.Polarization Behavior of High-Alloy OCTG in CO2Environment as Affected by Chlorides and Sulfides[J].Corrosion,1987,43(6):359-365.
[24]AL-MUHANNA K,HABIB K.Experimental Study on the Effect of the Water-Cut Conditions on the Performance of L80 Carbon Steel[J].Journal of Failure Analysis&Prevention,2013,13(1):98-101.
[25]LI D,ZHONG W,LU M,et al.Effect of Cl-Concentration on Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel under Sour Environment:Corrosion 2015[C].Dallas,Texas:NACE International,2015:1-12.
[26]BOISSY C,ALEMANY-DUMONT C,NORMAND B.EISEvaluation of Steady-state Characteristic of 316L Stainless Steel Passive Film Grown in Acidic Solution[J].Electrochemistry Communications,2013,26(1):10-12.