文冠果新梢发育过程中不同部位矿质元素的变化特性
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摘要
为探明文冠果Xanthoceras sorbifolia新梢发育过程中矿质元素的变化特性,找出新梢发育过程中影响各部位发育的关键营养元素,以文冠果为研究对象,通过连续流动分析仪和原子吸收仪测定了新梢生长发育过程中不同部位矿质元素(氮、磷、钾、铁、锰、铜、锌、钙、镁、钠)的质量分数,明确各元素在文冠果新梢内不同部位的分布规律与年动态变化趋势。结果显示:(1)文冠果新梢发育过程中不同部位氮、磷、钾、铜、铁、锌等质量分数下降,而钙、镁、锰、钠等质量分数则上升。(2)茎尖矿质元素质量分数接近于幼嫩叶片,并始终高于幼嫩叶片。(3)除了5月7日外,各时期叶片中的氮、磷、铁、锰等质量分数均高于茎段;各时期内茎尖、茎段、叶片中的钠质量分数差异均不显著。(4)在新梢生长初期叶片中的镁、锌、铜等质量分数高于茎段,生长后期叶片低于茎段;在新梢生长初期茎段中钾、钙元素质量分数高于叶片,生长后期茎段低于叶片。(5)因子分析结果显示:磷、氮、钾、铜、铁等质量分数对文冠果新梢的发育有重要影响;其中磷、氮、铜是影响茎尖发育的主要矿质元素,磷、氮、钾是影响茎段发育的主要矿质元素,磷、铜是影响叶片发育的主要矿质元素。(6)相关分析表明:氮、磷、钾、铜、锌这5种矿质营养元素之间的吸收与积累呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而钙、镁、锰、钠等元素与氮、磷、钾、铜、锌等元素呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。磷、氮、钾、铜、铁等对文冠果新梢的发育有着重要影响,在施肥时应该注意补充磷、氮、钾、铜、铁等影响较大的矿质元素。同时合理搭配其他必需的矿质元素,注意用量的协调,保证文冠果树体营养均衡、植株健康,使文冠果树施肥达到合理化和规范化。
To clarify the variable characteristics of mineral elements in the development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia shoots, key nutrient elements influencing the development of various parts were used. Mineral elements(N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and Na) in different parts of the shoots were measured using Autoanalyzer and atomic absorption spectrometers with new shoots of X. sorbifolia from different growth periods. Distribution regularities and dynamic change trendencies of different mineral elements in different parts of the new shoots of X. sorbifolia were then clarified using a factor analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed that:(1) N, P,K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the shoots decreased during shoots development, and Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn in the shoots increased.(2) Mineral elements in stem tips close to young leaves was always higher than young leaves.(3) Except on May 7 th, N, P, Fe, and Mn in leaves were higher than stems. No significant differences were found for Na among stem tips, stems, and leaves.(4) Contents of Mg, Zn, and Cu in leaves at the early stage of shoot growth were higher than in stems, but at the later growing stage were lower. At the early stage, K and Ca content in stems were higher than in leaves, and at the later stage were lower than in leaves.(5) The factor analysis showed that the contents of P, N, K, Cu, and Fe had important effects on the development of X. sorbifolia shoots. The main mineral elements affecting stem tip development were P, N, and Cu; affecting stem development were P, N, and K; and affecting leaf development were P and Cu.(6) The correlation analysis for uptake and accumlation of mineral elements showed significant positive correlations of N, P, K, Cu, and Zn(P<0.05);whileas, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na had significant negative correlations(P<0.05). Also, P, N, K, Cu, and Fe had an important effect on the development of X. sorbifolia shoots. To ensure a nutritional balance and plant health,additions of P, N, K, Cu, Fe and other necessary mineral elements should be coordinated and reasonably applied as fertilizer, to achieve a rational and standardized fertilization program for X. sorbifolia.
To clarify the variable characteristics of mineral elements in the development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia shoots, key nutrient elements influencing the development of various parts were used. Mineral elements(N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, and Na) in different parts of the shoots were measured using Autoanalyzer and atomic absorption spectrometers with new shoots of X. sorbifolia from different growth periods. Distribution regularities and dynamic change trendencies of different mineral elements in different parts of the new shoots of X. sorbifolia were then clarified using a factor analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed that:(1) N, P,K, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the shoots decreased during shoots development, and Ca, Mg, Na, and Mn in the shoots increased.(2) Mineral elements in stem tips close to young leaves was always higher than young leaves.(3) Except on May 7 th, N, P, Fe, and Mn in leaves were higher than stems. No significant differences were found for Na among stem tips, stems, and leaves.(4) Contents of Mg, Zn, and Cu in leaves at the early stage of shoot growth were higher than in stems, but at the later growing stage were lower. At the early stage, K and Ca content in stems were higher than in leaves, and at the later stage were lower than in leaves.(5) The factor analysis showed that the contents of P, N, K, Cu, and Fe had important effects on the development of X. sorbifolia shoots. The main mineral elements affecting stem tip development were P, N, and Cu; affecting stem development were P, N, and K; and affecting leaf development were P and Cu.(6) The correlation analysis for uptake and accumlation of mineral elements showed significant positive correlations of N, P, K, Cu, and Zn(P<0.05);whileas, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Na had significant negative correlations(P<0.05). Also, P, N, K, Cu, and Fe had an important effect on the development of X. sorbifolia shoots. To ensure a nutritional balance and plant health,additions of P, N, K, Cu, Fe and other necessary mineral elements should be coordinated and reasonably applied as fertilizer, to achieve a rational and standardized fertilization program for X. sorbifolia.
引文
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[2]王涛,冯先桔,林媚,等.大棚栽培对翠冠梨叶片和果实矿质元素吸收与积累的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2008,20(3):190-194.WANG Tao,FENG Xianju,LIN Mei,et al.Effects of greenhouse cultivation on absorption and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves and fruits of Cuiguan pears[J].Acta Agric Zhejiang,2008,20(3):190-194.
[3]夏国华,黄坚钦,解红恩,等.山核桃不同器官矿质元素含量的动态变化[J].果树学报,2014,31(5):854-862.XIA Guohua,HUANG Jianqin,XIE Hongen,et al.Dynamic changes of mineral elements in different organs of hickory(Carya cathayensis)[J].J Fruit Sci,2014,31(5):854-862.
[4]DROSSOPOULOS B,KOUCHAJI G G,BOURANIS D L.Seasonal dynamics of mineral nutrients and carbohydrates by walnut tree leaves[J].J Plant Nutr,2008,19(3/4):493-516.
[5]SANTONIA F,PAOLINIB J,BARBONI T,et al.Relationships between the leaf and fruit mineral compositions of Actinidia deliciosa var.Hayward according to nitrogen and potassium fertilization[J].Food Chem,2014,147(4):269-271.
[6]ARZANI K,ROOSTA H R.Effects of paclobutrazol on vegetative and reproductive growth and leaf mineral content of mature apricot(Prunus armeniaca L.)trees[J].J Agric Sci Technol,2004,6:43-55.
[7]侯岑,张绍铃,靳丛,等.‘翠冠’梨树苗不同部位矿质元素的分布与变化[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):173-178.HOU Cen,ZHANG Shaolin,JIN Cong,et al.Changing of mineral nutrition distribution in‘Cuguan Pear’tree[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,2012,28(22):173-178.
[8]唐将,李勇,付绍红,等.奉节脐橙不同器官元素含量分布特征[J].生态学报,2005,25(1):31-36.TANG Jiang,LI Yong,FU Shaohong,et al.The distribution and abundance of chemical elements in different parts of Navel orange in Fengjie County,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2005,25(1):31-36.
[9]严江勤,曹永庆,姚小华,等.油茶春梢发育期叶片和果实中氮磷钾元素的动态变化[J].中南林科技大学学报,2016,32(2):50-55.YAN Jiangqin,CAO Yongqing,YAO Xiaohua,et al.Changes of nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium contents in leaves and fruits during spring shoots development phase of oil-tea Camellia[J].J Centr South Univ For Technol,2016,32(2):50-55.
[10]阴黎明,王力华,刘波.文冠果叶片养分元素含量的动态变化及再吸收特性[J].植物研究,2009,29(6):685-691.YIN Liming,WANG Lihua,LIU Bo.Dynamic variation and resorption of nutrient elements in the leaves of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge[J].Bull Bot Res,2009,29(6):685-691.
[11]刘波,王力华,阴黎明,等.2种林龄文冠果叶N、P、K的季节变化及再吸收特征[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1270-1276.LIU Bo,WANG Lihua,YIN Liming,et al.Seasonal variation and resorption characteristics of leaf N,P,and K in two aged Xanthoceras sorbifolia plantations[J].Chin J Ecol,2010,29(7):1270-1276.
[12]张敏,黄利斌,周鹏,等.榉树秋季转色期叶色变化的生理生化[J].林业科学,2015,51(8):44-51.ZHANG Min,HUANG Libin,ZHOU Peng,et al.Physiological and biochemical changes in Zelkova serrata leaves during leaf color transformation in autumn[J].Sci Silv Sin,2015,51(8):44-51.
[13]郭秀珠,陈巍,潘君慧,等.瓯柑果实发育过程中糖和矿质元素的积累[J].浙江农业学报,2014,26(4):892-895.GUO Xiuzhu,CHEN Wei,PAN Junhui,et al.Study on the accumulation of sugar and mineral elements in the development period of Ougan fruits[J].Acta Agric Zhejiang,2014,26(4):892-895.
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