可压缩流体热线探针校准方法研究
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摘要
在可压缩流体中利用热线技术进行湍流度测量时,其输出不仅与脉动速度有关,而且也与流体温度、密度紧密相关。因此,需要在与高速可压缩流体特征相似的校准装置中,在使用前对热线探针进行准确校准。本文提出了可压缩流体热线探针校准方法,建立了热线校准(工作)数学模型,并利用自建的热线校准风洞开展了热线校准实验和湍流度测量风洞试验验证,结果表明:热线校准方法可行,校准数学模型合理可靠,热线探针校准精度较高,湍流度测量结果可信,基本可满足高速可压缩流体湍流度测量的工程需要。
The output of hot-wires is related to fluctuation velocities,and is closely related to fluid temperature and density when a hot-wire technology is used to measure turbulence intensity in compressible fluid.Therefore,hot-wire probes should be accurately calibrated before being used in a calibration facility,which has similar characteristics as those in high speed compressible fluid.In this paper,a calibration method for hot-wire probes in compressible flow is proposed,and a mathematical model of hot-wires for calibrations and measurements is established.Calibration experiments of hot-wire probes are conducted,and an experiment of turbulence intensity measurements is carried out in a wind tunnel with self-building hot-wire calibration.The result indicates that,the calibration method is feasible,and the mathematical model is reasonable and reliable.The calibration accuracy for hot-wire probes is high,and the results of turbulence intensity measurements are credible.The engineering requirements for hot-wire probe measurements in compressible flow are basically satisfied.
The output of hot-wires is related to fluctuation velocities,and is closely related to fluid temperature and density when a hot-wire technology is used to measure turbulence intensity in compressible fluid.Therefore,hot-wire probes should be accurately calibrated before being used in a calibration facility,which has similar characteristics as those in high speed compressible fluid.In this paper,a calibration method for hot-wire probes in compressible flow is proposed,and a mathematical model of hot-wires for calibrations and measurements is established.Calibration experiments of hot-wire probes are conducted,and an experiment of turbulence intensity measurements is carried out in a wind tunnel with self-building hot-wire calibration.The result indicates that,the calibration method is feasible,and the mathematical model is reasonable and reliable.The calibration accuracy for hot-wire probes is high,and the results of turbulence intensity measurements are credible.The engineering requirements for hot-wire probe measurements in compressible flow are basically satisfied.
引文
[1]朱博,汤更生.声学风洞流场低湍流度及频谱测量研究[J].实验流体力学,2015,29(4):58-64.ZHOU B,TANG G S.Low turbulence intensity and spectrum measurement research in aeroacoustic wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanic,2015,29(4):58-64.(in chinese)
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[4]高丽敏,席光,王尚锦,等.用热线风速仪测量叶轮后叶片扩压器流场[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(4):559-601.GAO L M,XI G,WANG S J,et al.Experiment investigation on a vaned diffuser flow filed behind a centrifugal impeller using constant temperature anemometer[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(4):559-601.(in chinese)
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[6]汪健生,郑杰,舒玮.用热线风速仪同时测量速度温度[J].实验力学,1998,13(3):393-398.WANG J S,ZHENG J,SHU W.Measuring the velocity and temperature in a flow field at the same time with hot-wire anemometer[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1998,13(3):393-398.(in Chinese)
[7]SOUZA F DE,et al.Hot-wire response in high-subsonic flow[R].AIAA 1999-0310.
[8]JONES G S.Wind tunnel requirements for hot-wire calibration(Invited)[R].AIAA-1994-2534.
[9]FAVAREGH A L,et al.A new approach for calibration of hotwires for use in uncertain environments[R].AIAA 2006-2809.
[10]ZINOVIEV V,LEBIGA V,CHUNG K M,et al.Application of hot-wire technology in a slowdown type transonic wind tunnel[R].AIAA 2001-0308
[11]NAGABUSHANA K A,STAINBACK P C.A rational technique for calibrating hot-wire probe in subsonic to supersonic speed[R].AIAA 1994-2536.
[12]STAINBACK P C.Some influences of approximate values for velocity,density,and toal temperature sensitivities on hot-wire anemometer results[R].AIAA 1986-0506.
[13]HARALD QUIX,JURGEN QUEST,CHRISTIAN BRZEK.Hot-wire measurements in cryogenic environment[R].AIAA2011-880.
[14]NICHOLAS JAFFA,SCOTT MORRIS,JOSHUACAMERON.Phase resolved hot-wire measurements for high speed turbomachinery flows[R].AIAA 2014-3437.
[15]刘会龙,马护生,蒋为民.热线/热膜探针校准装置气动方案设计[R].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2013.
[16]马护生,刘会龙,秦天超.高速风洞热线/热膜探针校准装置研制及湍流度测量技术初步研究技术总结报告[R].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2015.
[2]贾青,杨志刚,李启良.汽车风洞试验段流场的试验研究[J].实验流体力学,2011,25(6):33-37.JIA Q,YANG Z G,LI Q L.Test research of the flow filed inside the test section of the automative wind tunnel[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanic,2011,25(6):33-37.(in chinese)
[3]田于逵,江宏.利用热线风速仪在风洞中研究舰艇尾部流动特性[J].船舶力学,1998,2(2):13-21.TIAN Y K,JIANG H.Study on the wake characteristics naval vessels using a hot-wire anemometer in a wind tunnel[J].Ship Mechanics,1998,2(2):13-21.(in chinese)
[4]高丽敏,席光,王尚锦,等.用热线风速仪测量叶轮后叶片扩压器流场[J].工程热物理学报,2005,26(4):559-601.GAO L M,XI G,WANG S J,et al.Experiment investigation on a vaned diffuser flow filed behind a centrifugal impeller using constant temperature anemometer[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2005,26(4):559-601.(in chinese)
[5]莫乃榕,冷旭明.单丝热线测量数据分析方法[J].实验力学,1997,12(2):267-273.MO N R.LENG X M.On analysis of single hot wire signals[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1997,12(2):267-273.(in chinese)
[6]汪健生,郑杰,舒玮.用热线风速仪同时测量速度温度[J].实验力学,1998,13(3):393-398.WANG J S,ZHENG J,SHU W.Measuring the velocity and temperature in a flow field at the same time with hot-wire anemometer[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1998,13(3):393-398.(in Chinese)
[7]SOUZA F DE,et al.Hot-wire response in high-subsonic flow[R].AIAA 1999-0310.
[8]JONES G S.Wind tunnel requirements for hot-wire calibration(Invited)[R].AIAA-1994-2534.
[9]FAVAREGH A L,et al.A new approach for calibration of hotwires for use in uncertain environments[R].AIAA 2006-2809.
[10]ZINOVIEV V,LEBIGA V,CHUNG K M,et al.Application of hot-wire technology in a slowdown type transonic wind tunnel[R].AIAA 2001-0308
[11]NAGABUSHANA K A,STAINBACK P C.A rational technique for calibrating hot-wire probe in subsonic to supersonic speed[R].AIAA 1994-2536.
[12]STAINBACK P C.Some influences of approximate values for velocity,density,and toal temperature sensitivities on hot-wire anemometer results[R].AIAA 1986-0506.
[13]HARALD QUIX,JURGEN QUEST,CHRISTIAN BRZEK.Hot-wire measurements in cryogenic environment[R].AIAA2011-880.
[14]NICHOLAS JAFFA,SCOTT MORRIS,JOSHUACAMERON.Phase resolved hot-wire measurements for high speed turbomachinery flows[R].AIAA 2014-3437.
[15]刘会龙,马护生,蒋为民.热线/热膜探针校准装置气动方案设计[R].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2013.
[16]马护生,刘会龙,秦天超.高速风洞热线/热膜探针校准装置研制及湍流度测量技术初步研究技术总结报告[R].绵阳:中国空气动力研究与发展中心,2015.