基于μPMU的主动配电网故障定位方法研究
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摘要
准确的故障定位有助于提高配电网络的稳定性。随着分布式发电和电动汽车的接入,传统配电网逐渐向主动配电网发展,传统故障和保护装置已无法满足,这对故障定位技术和装置提出了新的要求。文章提出了一种基于微型同步相量测量单元(也叫做μPMU或者微同步相量)的新方法对主动配电网的故障进行定位。该方法运用单端μPMU采集的电压电流信息,查找故障线路,得到候选故障点并计算其故障距离。并根据两端μPMU测量电压和故障电压之间的相位关系,排除伪故障点,确定故障点位置。仿真结果表明,在主动配电网下,该定位方法具有较高的定位精度,仅需在线路的两端配置μPMU即可满足对不同类型故障进行准确地定位。在高渗透率DG和高阻故障的情况下,该定位方法依然可以准确地对故障进行定位。
Accurate fault location is helpful to improve the stability of power distribution network. With the integration of distributed generations and electric vehicles, the traditional distribution network gradually becomes the active distribution network, and the traditional fault and protection device is unable to satisfy the requirement, thus the need for new technologies and devices. In this paper,a new method based on micro phase measurement unit, termed μPMU or microsynchronal phase,is proposed to locate the fault in the active distribution network. The location method uses the voltage and current information of μPMU on one terminal to search for faults on every line segment,the candidate faults and its fault distance are calculated. To get the actual fault location,the pseudo fault locations are eliminated by voltage phase relationship between fault voltage and measured voltage of μPMUs on two terminals. The simulation results show that the location method has high position accuracy in the active distribution network,satisfying different types of fault with simply installingμPMUs only on the two terminals of the circuit. And the method still has high location accuracy with the influence of high DG penetration and high impedance faults.
Accurate fault location is helpful to improve the stability of power distribution network. With the integration of distributed generations and electric vehicles, the traditional distribution network gradually becomes the active distribution network, and the traditional fault and protection device is unable to satisfy the requirement, thus the need for new technologies and devices. In this paper,a new method based on micro phase measurement unit, termed μPMU or microsynchronal phase,is proposed to locate the fault in the active distribution network. The location method uses the voltage and current information of μPMU on one terminal to search for faults on every line segment,the candidate faults and its fault distance are calculated. To get the actual fault location,the pseudo fault locations are eliminated by voltage phase relationship between fault voltage and measured voltage of μPMUs on two terminals. The simulation results show that the location method has high position accuracy in the active distribution network,satisfying different types of fault with simply installingμPMUs only on the two terminals of the circuit. And the method still has high location accuracy with the influence of high DG penetration and high impedance faults.
引文
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[10]戴志辉,崇志强,李川,等.基于电压偏差向量2-范数的主动配电网故障定位新方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(15):96-102.DAI Zhihui,CHONG Zhiqiang,LI Chuan,et al.Fault location method of active distribution networks based on2-norm of voltage deviation vectors[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(15):96-102(in Chinese).
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[15]马静,马伟,闰新,等.基于电压相位比较的单相接地距离保护方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):2010-2016.MA Jing,MA Wei,RUN Xin,et al.Voltage phase comparison based single-phase grounding distance protection scheme[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(7):2010-2016(in Chinese).
[16]DAS D,KOTHARI D,KALAM A.Simple and efficient method for load flow solution of radial distribution networks[J].Electrical Power&Energy Systems,1995,17(5):335-346.
[17]朱增坤.一种面向配电网的微型同步向量测量单元设计[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015.
[18]范新桥,朱永利,卢伟甫.采用电流分布式测量和相位比较方式的输电线路故障定位[J].高电压技术,2012,38(6):1341-1347.FAN Xinqiao,ZHU Yongli,LU Weifu.Fault location scheme for transmission lines using distributed current measurements and their phases comparison[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1341-1347(in Chinese).
[2]赵波,王财胜,周金辉,等.主动配电网现状与未来发展[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(18):125-135.ZHAO Bo,WANG Caisheng,ZHOU Jinhui,et al.Present and future development trend of active distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(18):125-135(in Chinese).
[3]芦兴,王瑞闯.配电网故障定位方法研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2013,29(7):26-30.LU Xing,WANG Ruichuang.Research on fault location methods of distribution network[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2013,29(7):26-30(in Chinese).
[4]尹慧阳,舒恋.配电网单相接地故障定位综述[J].陕西电力,2012,42(10):35-39,47.YIN Huiyang,SHU Lian.A review of single-phase grounding fault location in distribution network[J].Shaanxi Electric Power,2012,42(10):35-39,47(in Chinese).
[5]SEXAUER J,JAVANBAKHT P,MOHAGHEGHI S.Phasor measurement units for the distribution grid:necessity and benefits[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies(ISGT),Washington DC:IEEE PES,2013:1-6.
[6]靳希,吴文辉,吴世敏,等.基于PMU的广域测量技术及其应用[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(10):10-13.JIN Xi,WU Wenhui,WU Shimin,et al.Wide area measurement technology based on PMU and its applications[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2010,26(10):10-13(in Chinese).
[7]胡晟,房金彦.广域测量系统故障定位新方法[J].电网与清洁能源,2010,26(2):9-12.HU Sheng,FANG Jinyan.A novel fault location method in wide area measurement system[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2010,26(2):9-12(in Chinese).
[8]靳夏宁,汪芙平,王赞基.基于PMU动态同步相量测量的故障测距[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2932-2937.JIN Xianing,WANG Fuping,WANG Zanji.Research on fault location based on dynamic synchronous phasor measurement by PMU[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2932-2937(in Chinese).
[9]徐岩,应璐曼,刘泽锴.大电网下基于故障域的PMU配置和故障定位新方法[J].电网技术,2014,38(11):3206-3212.XU Yan,YING Luman,LIU Zekai.A new fault area based method of PMU configuration and fault location for large power grid[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(11):3206-3212(in Chinese).
[10]戴志辉,崇志强,李川,等.基于电压偏差向量2-范数的主动配电网故障定位新方法[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(15):96-102.DAI Zhihui,CHONG Zhiqiang,LI Chuan,et al.Fault location method of active distribution networks based on2-norm of voltage deviation vectors[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(15):96-102(in Chinese).
[11]VON M A,CULLER D,MCEACHERN A,et al.Microsynchrophasors for distribution systems[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference(ISGT),Washington DC:IEEE PES,2014:1-5.
[12]林富洪,曾惠敏.基于分布参数模型的高压输电线路单相接地故障单端测距方法[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):201-205.LIN Fuhong,ZENG Huimin.One-terminal fault location of single-phase to earth fault based on distributed parameter model of HV transmission line[J].Power System Technology,2011,35(4):201-205(in Chinese).
[13]DAS S,SANTOSO S,GAIKWAD A,et al.Impedancebased fault location in transmission networks:theory and application[J].IEEE Access,2014:537-557.
[14]ERIKSSON L,SAHA M M,ROCKEFELLER G D.An accurate fault locator with compensation for apparent reactance in the fault resistance resulting from remote-end infeed[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1985,104(2):423-436.
[15]马静,马伟,闰新,等.基于电压相位比较的单相接地距离保护方案[J].电网技术,2015,39(7):2010-2016.MA Jing,MA Wei,RUN Xin,et al.Voltage phase comparison based single-phase grounding distance protection scheme[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(7):2010-2016(in Chinese).
[16]DAS D,KOTHARI D,KALAM A.Simple and efficient method for load flow solution of radial distribution networks[J].Electrical Power&Energy Systems,1995,17(5):335-346.
[17]朱增坤.一种面向配电网的微型同步向量测量单元设计[D].北京:北京理工大学,2015.
[18]范新桥,朱永利,卢伟甫.采用电流分布式测量和相位比较方式的输电线路故障定位[J].高电压技术,2012,38(6):1341-1347.FAN Xinqiao,ZHU Yongli,LU Weifu.Fault location scheme for transmission lines using distributed current measurements and their phases comparison[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1341-1347(in Chinese).