武汉市典型绿地植被类型对表层土壤入渗和持水性能的影响
|
摘要
合理的绿地植被建设和管理是提高城市蓄水能力和减少城市内涝的重要途径。该文以武汉市城区8种代表性绿地植被的表层土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤理化性质和水力学特征参数,量化了不同类型绿地植被对表层土壤水分入渗和保持性能的影响,并揭示了土壤理化性质对其影响的机制。结果表明:不同植被类型表层土壤水分入渗性能和持水能力差异显著,天然香樟林、玉兰园、桂花园和牡丹园具有较好的入渗性能,表现为较高的饱和导水率(179.70～441.69 cm/d),其次是人工草坪(31.53～126.60 cm/d),而樱花园、梅花园和桃李园的入渗性能最差(22.40～57.99 cm/d)。天然香樟林土壤持水能力最强,表现为最高的田间持水量(0.315～0.336 cm~3/cm~3)和最大有效含水量(0.170～0.177 cm~3/cm~3),其次是玉兰园、桂花园、牡丹园、梅花园和桃李园,持水量、有效含水量分别为:0.241～0.289 cm~3/cm~3,0.144～0.182 cm~3/cm~3,而樱花园和草坪的持水能力最弱(0.209～0.254 cm~3/cm~3,0.139～0.165 cm~3/cm~3)。土壤饱和导水率与总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关关系,与容重呈显著负相关关系。而容重、总孔隙度、砂粒和粘粒含量是影响土壤水分特征的主要因素。可以通过乔灌木林下种植草本植物、减少人为践踏,以及适时翻耕等方式提高绿地土壤的入渗与保水能力,进而提高其降雨存蓄功能,减少城市内涝。
Reasonable green space vegetation construction and management is an effective way to increase urban water storage capacity and reduce urban waterlog.Eight urban green space locations characterized by different vegetation types in the Wuhan city were selected to collect the surface soil samples. The effects of green space vegetation types on water infiltration rate and water retention capacity of surface soils were quantified by measuring the soil physiochemical properties and hydraulic parameters.Furthermore, the relationships between the physiochemical properties and hydraulic parameters were analyzed. The results showed that significant differences of soil water infiltration rate and retention capacity were observed among the eight urban green space locations.The highest infiltration rate was observed in the natural camphor forest, magnolia garden, osmanthusfragrans garden, and peony garden(179.70-441.69 cm/d), characterized by the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks), followed by the artificial grassland(31.53-126.60 cm/d), and the lowest in sakura garden, plum garden, and peaches mixed plums garden(22.40-57.99 cm/d). The highest soil water retention capacity was observed in the natural camphor forest,characterized by the highest field water capacity(0.315-0.336 cm~3/cm~3) and the maximum effective water content(0.170-0.177 cm~3/cm~3), followed by themagnolia garden,osmanthusfragrans garden, peony garden, plum garden and peaches mixed plums garden(0.241-0.289 cm~3/cm~3,0.144-0.182 cm~3/cm~3), and the lowest in the sakura garden and artificial grassland(0.209-0.254 cm~3/cm~3,0.139-0.165 cm~3/cm~3).Significantly positive correlations were observed between Ks and soil total porosity/non-capillary porosity, and a significantly negative correlation between Ks and soil bulk density. The soil water retention capacity was mainly affected by the bulk density, total porosity, sand content,and clay content.The practices of planting herbaceous under the wood plants, reduce trampling, and addition soil tillage could be applied for the urban green space construction, which could improve the effects of rainfall conservation and reduce urban waterlog by enhancing the water infiltration rate and water retention capacity of surface soil.
Reasonable green space vegetation construction and management is an effective way to increase urban water storage capacity and reduce urban waterlog.Eight urban green space locations characterized by different vegetation types in the Wuhan city were selected to collect the surface soil samples. The effects of green space vegetation types on water infiltration rate and water retention capacity of surface soils were quantified by measuring the soil physiochemical properties and hydraulic parameters.Furthermore, the relationships between the physiochemical properties and hydraulic parameters were analyzed. The results showed that significant differences of soil water infiltration rate and retention capacity were observed among the eight urban green space locations.The highest infiltration rate was observed in the natural camphor forest, magnolia garden, osmanthusfragrans garden, and peony garden(179.70-441.69 cm/d), characterized by the highest saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks), followed by the artificial grassland(31.53-126.60 cm/d), and the lowest in sakura garden, plum garden, and peaches mixed plums garden(22.40-57.99 cm/d). The highest soil water retention capacity was observed in the natural camphor forest,characterized by the highest field water capacity(0.315-0.336 cm~3/cm~3) and the maximum effective water content(0.170-0.177 cm~3/cm~3), followed by themagnolia garden,osmanthusfragrans garden, peony garden, plum garden and peaches mixed plums garden(0.241-0.289 cm~3/cm~3,0.144-0.182 cm~3/cm~3), and the lowest in the sakura garden and artificial grassland(0.209-0.254 cm~3/cm~3,0.139-0.165 cm~3/cm~3).Significantly positive correlations were observed between Ks and soil total porosity/non-capillary porosity, and a significantly negative correlation between Ks and soil bulk density. The soil water retention capacity was mainly affected by the bulk density, total porosity, sand content,and clay content.The practices of planting herbaceous under the wood plants, reduce trampling, and addition soil tillage could be applied for the urban green space construction, which could improve the effects of rainfall conservation and reduce urban waterlog by enhancing the water infiltration rate and water retention capacity of surface soil.
引文
[1] 伍海兵,方海兰.绿地土壤入渗及其对城市生态安全的重要性[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(3):894-900.WU H B,FANG H L.Research progress on soil infiltration of green space and its importance for municipal ecological security[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(3):894-900.
[2] 伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园土壤水库特征及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1437-1444.WU H B,FANG H L,PENG H L.Soil water reservoir properties and influencing factors of typical newly-established green belts of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1437-1444.
[3] 刘目兴,杜文正,张海林.三峡库区不同林型土壤的入渗能力研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(3):299.LIU M X,DU W Z,ZHAN H L.Research on the soil infiltration capacity of different forest types in the Three Gorges Researvoir Area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(3):299.
[4] 卢瑛,冯宏,甘海华.广州城市公园绿地土壤肥力及酶活性特征[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):160-163.LU Y,FENG H,GAN H H.Soil fertility characteristics and enzyme activity for urban parks in Guangzhou City[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(1):160-163.
[5] 杨金玲,张甘霖.城市“土壤水库”库容的萎缩及其环境效应[J].土壤,2008,40(6):992-996.Yang J L,Zhang G L.Loss of soil water capacity in urban areas and it’s impacts on environment[J].Soils,2008,40(6):992-996.
[6] 司志国,俞小鹏,白玉杰,等.徐州城市绿地表层土壤酶活性及其影响因素[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(2):73-76.SI Z G,YU X P,BAI Y J,et al.Soil enzyme activity of urban green land in Xuzhou city and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2013,33(2):73-76.
[7] 刘亚纳,朱书法,魏学锋,等.河南洛阳市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2322-2328.LIU Y N,ZHU S F,WEI X F,et al.Assessment and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in soil of different function areas in Luoyang[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2322-2328.
[8] YANG L ,LI Y ,PENG K ,et al.Nutrients and heavy metals in urban soils under different green space types in Anji,China[J].Catena,2014,115:39-46.
[9] 伍海兵,周建强,方海兰.上海中心城区绿地土壤水库特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):966-974.WU H B,ZHOU J Q,FANG H L.Soil water reservoir properties of green belts in the central urban area of Shanghai,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(3):966-974.
[10] 张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.ZHANG G L,GONG Z T.Soil survey laboratory methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.
[11] 伍海兵,方海兰,李爱平.几种常用绿地改良材料对土壤水分特征的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1229-1236.WU H B,FANG H L,LI A P.Effects of modified materials commonly used on green belt on soil water characteristic[J].Soils,2016,48(6):1229-1236.
[12] 李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.LI Z,WU P T,FENG H,et al.Simulated experriment on effects of soil bulk density on soil water holding capacity[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(4):611-620.
[13] 翟俊瑞,谢云,李晶,等.不同侵蚀强度黑土的土壤水分特征曲线模拟[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):116-122.SHAO J R,XIE Y,LI J,et al.Simulation of soil-water characteristic curve for black soils with different erosion intensity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(4):116-122.
[14] 伍海兵.上海中心城区典型绿地土壤物理性质特征研究[J].土壤,2018,50(1):155-161.WU H B.Study on soil physical properties of green belts in central urban area of Shanghai[J].Soils,2018,50(1):155-161.
[15] 伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园的土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):85-90.WU H B,FANG H L,PENG H L,et al.Soil physical properties analysis of the typical newly-established green belt of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):85-90.
[16] 辛颖,邹梦玲,赵雨森.大兴安岭不同恢复年限落叶松人工林土壤水分涵养特性研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):823-829.XIN Y,ZOU M L,ZHAO Y S.Soil water storage capacity and infiltration properties of LarixGmelinii plantation in different growth age after burned in Greater Khingan Mountains[J] Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(4):823-829.
[17] 谢国雄,章明奎,吴崇书,等.杭州城市绿地表土理化性状的研究[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(9):57-61.XIE G X,ZHANG M K,WU CS,et al.Study on physical and chemical properties of greenbelt surface soil in Hangzhou City[J].Acta Agriculture Jiangxi,2013,25(9):57-61.
[18] 张洪江,程云,史玉虎,等.长江三峡花岗岩坡面林地土管特性及其对管流的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(1):55-60.ZHANG H J,CHENG Y,SHI Y H,et al.Soil pipe characters and its influence to pipe flow in forest land at the granite slope in the Three Gorge of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2003,12(1):55-60.
[19] 杨金玲,张甘霖,袁大刚.南京市城市土壤水分入渗特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):363-368.YANG J L,ZHANG G L,YUAN D G.Characteristics of water infiltration in urban soils of Nanjing City[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(2):363-368.
[20] KAY B D,VANDENBYGART A J.Conservation tillage and depth stratification of porosity and soil organic matter[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2002,66(2):107-118.
[21] 刘春利,胡伟,贾宏福,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡地土壤剖面饱和导水率空间异质性[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1211-1219.LIU C L,HU W,JIA H F,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on a slope of the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2012,32(4):1211-1219.
[22] KUKA K,ILLERHAUS B,FOX C A,et al.X-ray computed microtomography for the study of the soil-root relationship in grassland soils[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2013,12(4):1742-1751.
[23] 胡雷,王长庭,阿的鲁骥,等.高寒草甸植物根系生物量及有机碳含量与土壤机械组成的关系[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(1):6-11.HU L,WANG C T,A L J,et al.Relationship between root biomasssoil organic carbon and soil mechanical composition in alpine meadow[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities( Natural Science Edition),2015,41(1):6-11.
[24] YANG J L,ZHANG G L.Water infiltration in urban soils and its effects on the quantity and quality of runoff[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(5):751-761.
[25] ZHAO Y,PETH S,HORN R,et al.Modeling grazing effects on coupled water and heat fluxes in Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2010,109(2):75-86.
[26] CHANDLER K R,STEVENS C J,BINLEY A,et al.Influence of tree species and forest land use on soil hydraulic conductivity and implications for surface runoff generation[J].Geoderma,2018,310:120-127.
[27] 王亮亮,张中彬,彭新华.南方红壤丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤水力学性质研究[J].土壤,2013,45(5):875-882.WANG L L,ZHANG Z B,PENG X H.Soil hydraulic properties under different land uses in hilly red soil region of Southern China[J].Soils,2013,45(5):875-882.
[28] DONGMEI S,WENLONG W,GUANGYI J,et al.Effects of disturbed landforms on the soil water retention function during urbanization process in the Three Gorges reservoir region,China[J].Catena,2016,144:84-93.
[29] 覃淼,翟禄新,周正朝.桂北地区土地利用类型对土壤饱和导水率和持水能力的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):28-32.QIN M,ZHAI L X,ZHOU Z C.Influence of land use types on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention in northern Guangxi[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(3):28-32.
[30] 宁婷,郭忠升,李耀林.黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分特征曲线及水分常数的垂直变异[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):166-170.NING T,GUO Z S,LI Y L.Soil water characteristic curve and soil water constants at different depths in the Abandoned Sloping Field of Loess Hilly Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(3):166-170.
[31] 杨金玲,张甘霖,赵玉国,等.城市土壤压实对土壤水分特征的影响——以南京市为例[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):33-38.YANG J L,ZHANG G L,ZHAO Y G,et al.Effect of compaction on soil water characteristics:A case study of Nanjing[J].Acta Pedologic Sinica,2006,43(1):33-38.
[32] HU W,FRANK T,MIKE B,et al.Short-term dynamics of soil physical properties as affected by compaction and tillage in a silt loam soil[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2018,doi:10.2136/VZj2018.06.0115.
[2] 伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园土壤水库特征及其影响因子[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1437-1444.WU H B,FANG H L,PENG H L.Soil water reservoir properties and influencing factors of typical newly-established green belts of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(5):1437-1444.
[3] 刘目兴,杜文正,张海林.三峡库区不同林型土壤的入渗能力研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(3):299.LIU M X,DU W Z,ZHAN H L.Research on the soil infiltration capacity of different forest types in the Three Gorges Researvoir Area[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2013,22(3):299.
[4] 卢瑛,冯宏,甘海华.广州城市公园绿地土壤肥力及酶活性特征[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):160-163.LU Y,FENG H,GAN H H.Soil fertility characteristics and enzyme activity for urban parks in Guangzhou City[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,21(1):160-163.
[5] 杨金玲,张甘霖.城市“土壤水库”库容的萎缩及其环境效应[J].土壤,2008,40(6):992-996.Yang J L,Zhang G L.Loss of soil water capacity in urban areas and it’s impacts on environment[J].Soils,2008,40(6):992-996.
[6] 司志国,俞小鹏,白玉杰,等.徐州城市绿地表层土壤酶活性及其影响因素[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(2):73-76.SI Z G,YU X P,BAI Y J,et al.Soil enzyme activity of urban green land in Xuzhou city and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2013,33(2):73-76.
[7] 刘亚纳,朱书法,魏学锋,等.河南洛阳市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2322-2328.LIU Y N,ZHU S F,WEI X F,et al.Assessment and pollution characteristics of heavy metals in soil of different function areas in Luoyang[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2322-2328.
[8] YANG L ,LI Y ,PENG K ,et al.Nutrients and heavy metals in urban soils under different green space types in Anji,China[J].Catena,2014,115:39-46.
[9] 伍海兵,周建强,方海兰.上海中心城区绿地土壤水库特征[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(3):966-974.WU H B,ZHOU J Q,FANG H L.Soil water reservoir properties of green belts in the central urban area of Shanghai,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(3):966-974.
[10] 张甘霖,龚子同.土壤调查实验室分析方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.ZHANG G L,GONG Z T.Soil survey laboratory methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2012.
[11] 伍海兵,方海兰,李爱平.几种常用绿地改良材料对土壤水分特征的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(6):1229-1236.WU H B,FANG H L,LI A P.Effects of modified materials commonly used on green belt on soil water characteristic[J].Soils,2016,48(6):1229-1236.
[12] 李卓,吴普特,冯浩,等.容重对土壤水分蓄持能力影响模拟试验研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(4):611-620.LI Z,WU P T,FENG H,et al.Simulated experriment on effects of soil bulk density on soil water holding capacity[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(4):611-620.
[13] 翟俊瑞,谢云,李晶,等.不同侵蚀强度黑土的土壤水分特征曲线模拟[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):116-122.SHAO J R,XIE Y,LI J,et al.Simulation of soil-water characteristic curve for black soils with different erosion intensity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(4):116-122.
[14] 伍海兵.上海中心城区典型绿地土壤物理性质特征研究[J].土壤,2018,50(1):155-161.WU H B.Study on soil physical properties of green belts in central urban area of Shanghai[J].Soils,2018,50(1):155-161.
[15] 伍海兵,方海兰,彭红玲,等.典型新建绿地上海辰山植物园的土壤物理性质分析[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(6):85-90.WU H B,FANG H L,PENG H L,et al.Soil physical properties analysis of the typical newly-established green belt of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(6):85-90.
[16] 辛颖,邹梦玲,赵雨森.大兴安岭不同恢复年限落叶松人工林土壤水分涵养特性研究[J].土壤通报,2014,45(4):823-829.XIN Y,ZOU M L,ZHAO Y S.Soil water storage capacity and infiltration properties of LarixGmelinii plantation in different growth age after burned in Greater Khingan Mountains[J] Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2014,45(4):823-829.
[17] 谢国雄,章明奎,吴崇书,等.杭州城市绿地表土理化性状的研究[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(9):57-61.XIE G X,ZHANG M K,WU CS,et al.Study on physical and chemical properties of greenbelt surface soil in Hangzhou City[J].Acta Agriculture Jiangxi,2013,25(9):57-61.
[18] 张洪江,程云,史玉虎,等.长江三峡花岗岩坡面林地土管特性及其对管流的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(1):55-60.ZHANG H J,CHENG Y,SHI Y H,et al.Soil pipe characters and its influence to pipe flow in forest land at the granite slope in the Three Gorge of the Yangtze River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2003,12(1):55-60.
[19] 杨金玲,张甘霖,袁大刚.南京市城市土壤水分入渗特征[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(2):363-368.YANG J L,ZHANG G L,YUAN D G.Characteristics of water infiltration in urban soils of Nanjing City[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(2):363-368.
[20] KAY B D,VANDENBYGART A J.Conservation tillage and depth stratification of porosity and soil organic matter[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2002,66(2):107-118.
[21] 刘春利,胡伟,贾宏福,等.黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡地土壤剖面饱和导水率空间异质性[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1211-1219.LIU C L,HU W,JIA H F,et al.Spatial heterogeneity of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity on a slope of the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2012,32(4):1211-1219.
[22] KUKA K,ILLERHAUS B,FOX C A,et al.X-ray computed microtomography for the study of the soil-root relationship in grassland soils[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2013,12(4):1742-1751.
[23] 胡雷,王长庭,阿的鲁骥,等.高寒草甸植物根系生物量及有机碳含量与土壤机械组成的关系[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(1):6-11.HU L,WANG C T,A L J,et al.Relationship between root biomasssoil organic carbon and soil mechanical composition in alpine meadow[J].Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities( Natural Science Edition),2015,41(1):6-11.
[24] YANG J L,ZHANG G L.Water infiltration in urban soils and its effects on the quantity and quality of runoff[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(5):751-761.
[25] ZHAO Y,PETH S,HORN R,et al.Modeling grazing effects on coupled water and heat fluxes in Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2010,109(2):75-86.
[26] CHANDLER K R,STEVENS C J,BINLEY A,et al.Influence of tree species and forest land use on soil hydraulic conductivity and implications for surface runoff generation[J].Geoderma,2018,310:120-127.
[27] 王亮亮,张中彬,彭新华.南方红壤丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤水力学性质研究[J].土壤,2013,45(5):875-882.WANG L L,ZHANG Z B,PENG X H.Soil hydraulic properties under different land uses in hilly red soil region of Southern China[J].Soils,2013,45(5):875-882.
[28] DONGMEI S,WENLONG W,GUANGYI J,et al.Effects of disturbed landforms on the soil water retention function during urbanization process in the Three Gorges reservoir region,China[J].Catena,2016,144:84-93.
[29] 覃淼,翟禄新,周正朝.桂北地区土地利用类型对土壤饱和导水率和持水能力的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(3):28-32.QIN M,ZHAI L X,ZHOU Z C.Influence of land use types on soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and water retention in northern Guangxi[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(3):28-32.
[30] 宁婷,郭忠升,李耀林.黄土丘陵区撂荒坡地土壤水分特征曲线及水分常数的垂直变异[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):166-170.NING T,GUO Z S,LI Y L.Soil water characteristic curve and soil water constants at different depths in the Abandoned Sloping Field of Loess Hilly Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(3):166-170.
[31] 杨金玲,张甘霖,赵玉国,等.城市土壤压实对土壤水分特征的影响——以南京市为例[J].土壤学报,2006,43(1):33-38.YANG J L,ZHANG G L,ZHAO Y G,et al.Effect of compaction on soil water characteristics:A case study of Nanjing[J].Acta Pedologic Sinica,2006,43(1):33-38.
[32] HU W,FRANK T,MIKE B,et al.Short-term dynamics of soil physical properties as affected by compaction and tillage in a silt loam soil[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2018,doi:10.2136/VZj2018.06.0115.