有源电力滤波器的研究现状与展望
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摘要
有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter, APF)是一种具备动态谐波抑制和无功补偿功能的新型电力电子装置,其性能优劣与所采用的拓扑结构、谐波电流检测技术和电流追踪控制方法等密切相关。为了推广在高压大容量下APF的控制技术,拓宽其应用范围,综述了国内外APF研究现状,分类整理了APF拓扑结构。归纳总结了APF的谐波检测方法和电流跟踪控制技术,综合对比了各种方法的优缺点,并从多个角度阐述了当前所存在的问题。最后展望了APF相关技术的研究方向。
Active Power Filter(APF) is a novel power electronic device, which can dynamically accomplish harmonic suppression and reactive compensation. The performance of APF is influenced greatly by the topologies, the harmonic current detection technique and the current tracking control method. To promote and develop the application of APF under high voltage and large capacity, the current researches about APF at home and abroad are reviewed, the topologies of APF are classified and sorted. At the same time, the harmonic current detection and current tracking methods of APF are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the existing problems are described from the various perspectives. The research directions of APF's techniques are prospected finally.
Active Power Filter(APF) is a novel power electronic device, which can dynamically accomplish harmonic suppression and reactive compensation. The performance of APF is influenced greatly by the topologies, the harmonic current detection technique and the current tracking control method. To promote and develop the application of APF under high voltage and large capacity, the current researches about APF at home and abroad are reviewed, the topologies of APF are classified and sorted. At the same time, the harmonic current detection and current tracking methods of APF are summarized, and their advantages and disadvantages are comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, the existing problems are described from the various perspectives. The research directions of APF's techniques are prospected finally.
引文
[1]AKAGI H,ISOZAKI K.A hybrid active filter for a three-phase 12-pulse diode rectifier used as the front end of a medium-voltage motor drive[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,27(1):69-77.
[2]杜少通.谐波抑制与无功补偿关键技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2015.DU Shaotong.Study on the key technologies for harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[3]RAHMANI S,HAMADI A,AL-HADDAD K.ALyapunov-function-based control for a three-phase shunt hybrid active filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,59(3):1418-1429.
[4]李博,李欣.并联有源电力滤波器解耦控制研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(17):164-170.LI Bo,LI Xin.A survey on shunt active power filter decoupling control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(17):164-170.
[5]BIRD B M,MARSH J F,MCLELLAN P R.Harmonic reduction in multiplex convertors by triple-frequency current injection[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1969,116(10):1730-1734.
[6]SASAKI H,MACHIDA T.A new method to eliminate AC harmonic currents by magnetic flux compensation-considerations on basic design[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1971,PAS-90(5):2009-2019.
[7]AKAGI H,KANAZAWA Y,NABAE A.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2008,IA-20(3):625-630.
[8]武健,刘瑜超,徐殿国.基于模块多电平变换器的并联有源滤波器控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):52-59.WU Jian,LIU Yuchao,XU Dianguo.Control strategy of shunt active power filter based on modular[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):52-59.
[9]方旌扬,肖国春,郑力夫,等.一种LCCL滤波器及其在半桥电力有源滤波器中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(22):125-136.FANG Jingyang,XIAO Guochun,ZHENG Lifu,et al.An LCCL filter for a half-bridge active power filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(22):125-136.
[10]XU Jinbang,YANG Jun,YE Jie,et al.An LTCL filter for three-phase grid-connected converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(8):4322-4338.
[11]RAHMANI S,HAMADI A,MENDALEK N,et al.Anew control technique for three-phase shunt hybrid power filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(8):2904-2915.
[12]薛花,范月,王育飞.基于李雅普诺夫函数的并联型混合有源电力滤波器非线性控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(21):133-141.XUE Hua,FAN Yue,WANG Yufei.Nonlinear control strategy based on Lyapunov function for shunt hybrid active power filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(21):133-141.
[13]何娜,徐殿国,武健.一种新型混合有源滤波器及其复合控制策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(10):45-49.HE Na,XU Dianguo,WU Jian.A novel design method and compound control strategy for shunt hybrid power filter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(10):45-49.
[14]周柯,王凯,刘路,等.一种改进型并联混合有源电力滤波器及其控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(30):67-72.ZHOU Ke,WANG Kai,LIU Lu,et al.An improved shunt-hybrid-type active power filter and its control method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(30):67-72.
[15]孟金岭,赵伟,林国营,等.双谐振注入混合型有源电力滤波器特性[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):32-38.MENG Jinling,ZHAO Wei,LIN Guoying,et al.Characteristics of double resonance injection type hybrid active power filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):32-38.
[16]刘健犇,陈乔夫,代少君,等.高压大容量串联混合型有源电力滤波器的关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(12):1-9.LIU Jianben,CHEN Qiaofu,DAI Shaojun,et al.Key techniques of high-voltage and large-capacity series hybrid active power filter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(12):1-9.
[17]KHADKIKAR V.Enhancing electric power quality using UPQC:a comprehensive overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(5):2284-2297.
[18]祝贺,王久和,郑成才,等.五电平MMC-UPQC的无源控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(增刊2):172-178.ZHU He,WANG Jiuhe,ZHENG Chengcai,et al.Passivity based control of five-level MMC-UPQC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S2):172-178.
[19]周京华,柴小丰,祝天岳,等.三电平有源电力滤波器谐波电流及中点电位平衡控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):2012-2019.ZHOU Jinghua,CHAI Xiaofeng,ZHU Tianyue,et al.Control of harmonic current and neutral-point potential balance for three-level active power filter[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):2012-2019.
[20]SHEN Jie,SCHR?DER S,R?SNER R,et al.Acomprehensive study of neutral-point self-balancing effect in neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3084-3095.
[21]CHEN Zhong,XU Yaming,WANG Zhihui,et al.Modulation and control of a high performance hybrid cascade H-bridge seven-level active power filter with star configuration[C]//2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),March 15-19,2015,Charlotte,NC,USA:2141-2147.
[22]陈仲,王志辉,陈淼.一种高动态性能的级联型有源电力滤波器[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(3):147-154.CHEN Zhong,WANG Zhihui,CHEN Miao.A cascade H-bridge active power filter with high dynamic performance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(3):147-154.
[23]YAO Zhiqing,ZHANG Qun,CHEN Peng,et al.Research on fault diagnosis for MMC-HVDC Systems[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1(1):71-77.DOI:10.1186/s41601-016-0022-0.
[24]杨晓峰,王晓鹏,范文宝,等.模块组合多电平变换器的环流模型[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(5):21-27.YANG Xiaofeng,WANG Xiaopeng,FAN Wenbao,et a1.Circulating current model of modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(5):21-27.
[25]何英杰,刘进军,王兆安,等.一种基于瞬时无功功率理论的数字谐波检测[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(8):185-192.HE Yingjie,LIU Jinjun,WANG Zhaoan,et al.A digital method for detecting harmonic currents based on instantaneous reactive power theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(8):185-192.
[26]黄建明,李晓明.结合短时傅里叶变换和谱峭度的电力系统谐波检测方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(7):43-50.HUANG Jianming,LI Xiaoming.Detection of harmonic in power system based on short-time Fourier transform and spectral kurtosis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(7):43-50.
[27]王洪诚,王蕾,沈霞,等.基于改进增益型自适应LMS算法的谐波检测方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(5):42-46.WANG Hongcheng,WANG Lei,SHEN Xia,et al.New harmonic detection method based on LMS algorithm of improved adaptive gain[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(5):42-46.
[28]邹常跃,刘邦银,段善旭,等.并网逆变器中数字控制延时对系统稳定性的影响及其优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):411-417.ZOU Changyue,LIU Bangyin,DUAN Shanxu,et al.Influence of delay on system stability and its optimization in grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):411-417.
[29]LASCU C,ASIMINOAEI L,BOLDEA I,et al.Frequency response analysis of current controllers for selective harmonic compensation in active power filters[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(2):337-347.
[30]周娟,张勇,耿乙文,等.四桥臂有源滤波器在静止坐标系下的改进PR控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(6):113-120.ZHOU Juan,ZHANG Yong,GENG Yiwen,et al.An improved proportional resonant control strategy in the static coordinate for four-leg active power filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(6):113-120.
[31]付瑞清.基于复合控制的三电平APF的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(14):105-112.FU Ruiqing.Research on three-level active power filter based on composite control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(14):105-112.
[32]ESCOBAR G,HERNANDEZ-BRIONES P G,MARTINEZP R,et al.A repetitive-based controller for the compensation of 6l±1 harmonic components[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(8):3150-3158.
[33]GHAMRI A,BENCHOUIA M T,GOLEA A.Sliding-mode control based three-phase shunt active power filter:simulation and experimentation[J].Electric Machines&Power Systems,2012,40(4):383-398.
[34]周卫平,吴正国,刘大明,等.有源电力滤波器变趋近律滑模变结构控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(23):91-94.ZHOU Weiping,WU Zhengguo,LIU Daming,et al.The variable reaching law sliding mode control strategy for three-phase three-wire active power filter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(23):91-94.
[35]JAVADI A,HAMADI A,WOODWARD L,et al.Experimental investigation on a hybrid series active power compensator to improve power quality of typical households[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(8):4849-4859.
[36]HAO Xiang,YANG Xu,LIU Tao,et al.A sliding-mode controller with multiresonant sliding surface for single-phase grid-connected VSI with an LCL filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(5):2259-2268.
[37]王皓,罗安,徐千鸣,等.有源电力滤波器采样滤波电路的优化设计及鲁棒控制[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):107-113.WANG Hao,LUO An,XU Qianming,et al.Optimization design and robust control of sampling filter circuit in active power filter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):107-113.
[38]KOURO S,MALINOWSKI M,GOPAKUMAR K,et al.Recent advances and industrial applications of multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2553-2580.
[2]杜少通.谐波抑制与无功补偿关键技术研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2015.DU Shaotong.Study on the key technologies for harmonic suppression and reactive power compensation[D].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[3]RAHMANI S,HAMADI A,AL-HADDAD K.ALyapunov-function-based control for a three-phase shunt hybrid active filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,59(3):1418-1429.
[4]李博,李欣.并联有源电力滤波器解耦控制研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(17):164-170.LI Bo,LI Xin.A survey on shunt active power filter decoupling control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(17):164-170.
[5]BIRD B M,MARSH J F,MCLELLAN P R.Harmonic reduction in multiplex convertors by triple-frequency current injection[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers,1969,116(10):1730-1734.
[6]SASAKI H,MACHIDA T.A new method to eliminate AC harmonic currents by magnetic flux compensation-considerations on basic design[J].IEEETransactions on Power Apparatus&Systems,1971,PAS-90(5):2009-2019.
[7]AKAGI H,KANAZAWA Y,NABAE A.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEETransactions on Industry Applications,2008,IA-20(3):625-630.
[8]武健,刘瑜超,徐殿国.基于模块多电平变换器的并联有源滤波器控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(12):52-59.WU Jian,LIU Yuchao,XU Dianguo.Control strategy of shunt active power filter based on modular[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(12):52-59.
[9]方旌扬,肖国春,郑力夫,等.一种LCCL滤波器及其在半桥电力有源滤波器中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(22):125-136.FANG Jingyang,XIAO Guochun,ZHENG Lifu,et al.An LCCL filter for a half-bridge active power filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(22):125-136.
[10]XU Jinbang,YANG Jun,YE Jie,et al.An LTCL filter for three-phase grid-connected converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(8):4322-4338.
[11]RAHMANI S,HAMADI A,MENDALEK N,et al.Anew control technique for three-phase shunt hybrid power filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(8):2904-2915.
[12]薛花,范月,王育飞.基于李雅普诺夫函数的并联型混合有源电力滤波器非线性控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(21):133-141.XUE Hua,FAN Yue,WANG Yufei.Nonlinear control strategy based on Lyapunov function for shunt hybrid active power filter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(21):133-141.
[13]何娜,徐殿国,武健.一种新型混合有源滤波器及其复合控制策略设计[J].电力系统自动化,2007,31(10):45-49.HE Na,XU Dianguo,WU Jian.A novel design method and compound control strategy for shunt hybrid power filter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2007,31(10):45-49.
[14]周柯,王凯,刘路,等.一种改进型并联混合有源电力滤波器及其控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(30):67-72.ZHOU Ke,WANG Kai,LIU Lu,et al.An improved shunt-hybrid-type active power filter and its control method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(30):67-72.
[15]孟金岭,赵伟,林国营,等.双谐振注入混合型有源电力滤波器特性[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(3):32-38.MENG Jinling,ZHAO Wei,LIN Guoying,et al.Characteristics of double resonance injection type hybrid active power filter[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(3):32-38.
[16]刘健犇,陈乔夫,代少君,等.高压大容量串联混合型有源电力滤波器的关键技术[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(12):1-9.LIU Jianben,CHEN Qiaofu,DAI Shaojun,et al.Key techniques of high-voltage and large-capacity series hybrid active power filter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(12):1-9.
[17]KHADKIKAR V.Enhancing electric power quality using UPQC:a comprehensive overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2012,27(5):2284-2297.
[18]祝贺,王久和,郑成才,等.五电平MMC-UPQC的无源控制[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(增刊2):172-178.ZHU He,WANG Jiuhe,ZHENG Chengcai,et al.Passivity based control of five-level MMC-UPQC[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(S2):172-178.
[19]周京华,柴小丰,祝天岳,等.三电平有源电力滤波器谐波电流及中点电位平衡控制[J].电网技术,2017,41(6):2012-2019.ZHOU Jinghua,CHAI Xiaofeng,ZHU Tianyue,et al.Control of harmonic current and neutral-point potential balance for three-level active power filter[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(6):2012-2019.
[20]SHEN Jie,SCHR?DER S,R?SNER R,et al.Acomprehensive study of neutral-point self-balancing effect in neutral-point-clamped three-level inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3084-3095.
[21]CHEN Zhong,XU Yaming,WANG Zhihui,et al.Modulation and control of a high performance hybrid cascade H-bridge seven-level active power filter with star configuration[C]//2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),March 15-19,2015,Charlotte,NC,USA:2141-2147.
[22]陈仲,王志辉,陈淼.一种高动态性能的级联型有源电力滤波器[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(3):147-154.CHEN Zhong,WANG Zhihui,CHEN Miao.A cascade H-bridge active power filter with high dynamic performance[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(3):147-154.
[23]YAO Zhiqing,ZHANG Qun,CHEN Peng,et al.Research on fault diagnosis for MMC-HVDC Systems[J].Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems,2016,1(1):71-77.DOI:10.1186/s41601-016-0022-0.
[24]杨晓峰,王晓鹏,范文宝,等.模块组合多电平变换器的环流模型[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(5):21-27.YANG Xiaofeng,WANG Xiaopeng,FAN Wenbao,et a1.Circulating current model of modular multilevel converter[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(5):21-27.
[25]何英杰,刘进军,王兆安,等.一种基于瞬时无功功率理论的数字谐波检测[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(8):185-192.HE Yingjie,LIU Jinjun,WANG Zhaoan,et al.A digital method for detecting harmonic currents based on instantaneous reactive power theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(8):185-192.
[26]黄建明,李晓明.结合短时傅里叶变换和谱峭度的电力系统谐波检测方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(7):43-50.HUANG Jianming,LI Xiaoming.Detection of harmonic in power system based on short-time Fourier transform and spectral kurtosis[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(7):43-50.
[27]王洪诚,王蕾,沈霞,等.基于改进增益型自适应LMS算法的谐波检测方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(5):42-46.WANG Hongcheng,WANG Lei,SHEN Xia,et al.New harmonic detection method based on LMS algorithm of improved adaptive gain[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(5):42-46.
[28]邹常跃,刘邦银,段善旭,等.并网逆变器中数字控制延时对系统稳定性的影响及其优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(2):411-417.ZOU Changyue,LIU Bangyin,DUAN Shanxu,et al.Influence of delay on system stability and its optimization in grid-connected inverters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(2):411-417.
[29]LASCU C,ASIMINOAEI L,BOLDEA I,et al.Frequency response analysis of current controllers for selective harmonic compensation in active power filters[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2009,56(2):337-347.
[30]周娟,张勇,耿乙文,等.四桥臂有源滤波器在静止坐标系下的改进PR控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(6):113-120.ZHOU Juan,ZHANG Yong,GENG Yiwen,et al.An improved proportional resonant control strategy in the static coordinate for four-leg active power filters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(6):113-120.
[31]付瑞清.基于复合控制的三电平APF的研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(14):105-112.FU Ruiqing.Research on three-level active power filter based on composite control[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(14):105-112.
[32]ESCOBAR G,HERNANDEZ-BRIONES P G,MARTINEZP R,et al.A repetitive-based controller for the compensation of 6l±1 harmonic components[J].IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(8):3150-3158.
[33]GHAMRI A,BENCHOUIA M T,GOLEA A.Sliding-mode control based three-phase shunt active power filter:simulation and experimentation[J].Electric Machines&Power Systems,2012,40(4):383-398.
[34]周卫平,吴正国,刘大明,等.有源电力滤波器变趋近律滑模变结构控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(23):91-94.ZHOU Weiping,WU Zhengguo,LIU Daming,et al.The variable reaching law sliding mode control strategy for three-phase three-wire active power filter[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(23):91-94.
[35]JAVADI A,HAMADI A,WOODWARD L,et al.Experimental investigation on a hybrid series active power compensator to improve power quality of typical households[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2016,63(8):4849-4859.
[36]HAO Xiang,YANG Xu,LIU Tao,et al.A sliding-mode controller with multiresonant sliding surface for single-phase grid-connected VSI with an LCL filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2013,28(5):2259-2268.
[37]王皓,罗安,徐千鸣,等.有源电力滤波器采样滤波电路的优化设计及鲁棒控制[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(20):107-113.WANG Hao,LUO An,XU Qianming,et al.Optimization design and robust control of sampling filter circuit in active power filter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(20):107-113.
[38]KOURO S,MALINOWSKI M,GOPAKUMAR K,et al.Recent advances and industrial applications of multilevel converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(8):2553-2580.