2001-2017年云南雷电灾害中人员伤亡特征
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摘要
利用2001-2017年云南省气象局收集的雷灾资料进行统计分析,给出了云南省有人员伤亡的雷电灾情特征。资料包括雷灾造成了728人死亡和949人受伤,平均每年有42. 3人死于雷灾和55. 3人在雷灾中受伤。在云南省每年每一百万人中有0. 99人死于雷击和1. 7人在雷灾中受伤。云南省雷灾伤亡多发生在东部和南部地区,西部相对较少。红河最为严重,总计雷灾造成107人死亡,127人受伤;当考虑人口权重时西双版纳雷灾人员死伤率最高。云南雷灾伤亡主要发生在5-8月,占全年的82%以上,8月最高。人员伤亡的雷灾主要发生在13:00-20:00,占73%,16:00为峰顶。雷灾中受伤害的农民占总死伤人数的97%,城市人员仅占3%。雷灾中男性占伤亡人数的57%,在雷灾伤亡人员年龄分布中,40～49岁这一年龄段最多。统计人员伤亡雷灾中的雷击地点,最多的发生在农田,为39%,其次为树下,为17%,以下依次为开阔地和放牧等。
Lightning-related fatalities and injuries in Yunnan are analyzed and presented using data from the Yunnan Meteorological Administration of Statistics. The database contains 728 fatalities and 949 injuries that occurred between 2001-2017 in Yunnan. The annual averages for Yunnan are 42. 3 fatalities and 55. 3 injuries over the entire period. Weighting by population reveals a fatality rate of 0. 99 per million people per year and an injury rate of 1. 7. Lightning disasters in Yunnan frequently occur in eastern and southern areas,but relatively rare in western areas. Honghe prefecture has the most deaths( 107) and injuries( 127) from lightning,which makes it the worst damaged areas from lightning all over the province. When population is taken into account,Xishuangbanna prefecture has the highest casualty rate. The majority of fatalities occurred in May-August( 82% of all fatalities)with a peak in August( 28%). The diurnal variations show that 73% of the lightning casualties occur between 13:00 and 20: 00. The peak of lightning casualties occurs at 16: 00. Peasants account for 97% of lightning casualties,with urban residents of 3%,which makes peasants the major population of victims. Approximately 57% of the victims were male. The most vulnerable group was males between the ages of 40-49. Farming( 39%) is the major activity at the time of lightning fatalities followed by being under-tree fields( 17%),open fields and herding.
Lightning-related fatalities and injuries in Yunnan are analyzed and presented using data from the Yunnan Meteorological Administration of Statistics. The database contains 728 fatalities and 949 injuries that occurred between 2001-2017 in Yunnan. The annual averages for Yunnan are 42. 3 fatalities and 55. 3 injuries over the entire period. Weighting by population reveals a fatality rate of 0. 99 per million people per year and an injury rate of 1. 7. Lightning disasters in Yunnan frequently occur in eastern and southern areas,but relatively rare in western areas. Honghe prefecture has the most deaths( 107) and injuries( 127) from lightning,which makes it the worst damaged areas from lightning all over the province. When population is taken into account,Xishuangbanna prefecture has the highest casualty rate. The majority of fatalities occurred in May-August( 82% of all fatalities)with a peak in August( 28%). The diurnal variations show that 73% of the lightning casualties occur between 13:00 and 20: 00. The peak of lightning casualties occurs at 16: 00. Peasants account for 97% of lightning casualties,with urban residents of 3%,which makes peasants the major population of victims. Approximately 57% of the victims were male. The most vulnerable group was males between the ages of 40-49. Farming( 39%) is the major activity at the time of lightning fatalities followed by being under-tree fields( 17%),open fields and herding.
引文
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[24] López R E,Holle R L. Changes in the number of lightning deaths in the United States during the twentieth century[J]. Journal of Climate,1998,11:2070-2077.
[2] Jensenius J S. A detailed analysis of recent lightning deaths in the United States[C]//Preprints,Fifth Int. Lightning Meteorology Conf.,Tucson,AZ,Vaisala,2014:1-8.
[3] Antonescu B,Cǎrbunaru F. Lightning-related fatalities in Romania from 1999 to 2015[J]. Weather,Climate,and Society.2018,10(2):241-252.
[4] Dewan A,Hossain M F,Rahman M M,et. al. Recent lightning-related fatalities and injuries in bangladesh[J]. Weather,Climate,and Society,2017,9(3):575-589.
[5] Singh O,Singh J. Lightning fatalities over India:1979-2011[J]. Meteorological Applications,2015,22(4):770-778.
[6] Holle RL. A Summary of Recent National-Scale Lightning Fatality Studies[J]. Weather,Climate,and Society. 2016,8(1):35-42.
[7]马明,吕伟涛,张义军,等. 1997-2006年我国雷电灾情特征[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(4):393-400.
[8]马明,吕伟涛,张义军,等.我国雷电灾害及相关因素分析[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(8):856-865.
[9] ZHANG Wenjuan,MENG Qing,MA Ming,et. al. Lightning casualties and damages in China from 1997 to 2009[J]. Natural Hazards,2011,57:465-476.
[10]郭虎,熊亚军,付宗钰,等.北京市自然雷电与雷电灾害的时空分布[J].气象,2008,34(1):12-17.
[11]高燚,周方聪,劳小青. 1999-2011年海南岛雷电灾害特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(05):253-262.
[12]吴孟恒,田艳婷,崔海华,等. 2003-2008年河北省雷电灾害特征统计分析[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(01):21-25.
[13]覃卫坚,寿绍文,王咏青,等.广西雷暴分布特征及灾害成因分析[J].自然灾害学报,2009,18(02):131-138.
[14] XIE Yiran,XU Kai,ZHANG Tengfei,et. al. Five-year study of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in Yunnan province,China.Atmospheric Research. 2013,129-130:49-57.
[15]王惠,邓勇,尹丽云,等.云南省雷电灾害易损性分析及区划[J].气象,2007,33(12):83-87.
[16]殷娴,尹丽云,许迎杰,等.云南省雷灾特征分析及灾情评估[J]气象科技,2013,41(1):184-190.
[17]刘平英,杨荣建,李兆华,等.喀斯特地貌景区的雷击风险分析—以云南石林为例[J]灾害学,2013,28(2):156-160.
[18]殷娴,胡颖,周清倩,等.云南省地震高发区雷灾风险分析与区划研究[J].灾害学,2017,32(4):67-72.
[19]彭启洋,熊长铮.低纬高原乡村雷电灾害发生规律及特征分析[J].灾害学,2015,30(4):96-100..
[20] Tilev-Tanriover S,Kahraman A,M. Kadiog? lu,et. al. Lightning fatalities and injuries in Turkey[J]. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2015,15:1881-1888.
[21] Elsom D M. Deaths and injuries caused by lightning in the United Kingdom:analyses of 370 two databases[J]. Atmosheric Research,2001,56:325-334.
[22] Ashley W S,Gilson C W. A reassessment of U. S. lightning mortality[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2009,90:1501-1518.
[23] Roeder W P,Cummins B H,Ashley W S,et. al. Mapping lightning fatality risk[C]//Preprints,32nd International Conference on Lightning Protection,Shanghai,China,IEEE,2014:226-237.
[24] López R E,Holle R L. Changes in the number of lightning deaths in the United States during the twentieth century[J]. Journal of Climate,1998,11:2070-2077.