梳排振动式荔枝采摘机的设计与试验
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摘要
为提高荔枝的机械化采摘效率,设计了一种梳排振动式荔枝采摘机。利用EDEM软件对采摘机采摘部件建立仿真模型,选取不同梳摆频率(10、20、30Hz)进行仿真试验研究,结果表明:在梳摆频率为30Hz时,荔枝果实的平均压缩力峰值达到了89.62N,采摘机的适宜梳摆频率应小于30Hz。通过试验分析梳打频率、梳棒间距和梳棒重合度对荔枝采摘效率和破损率的影响,测得最优参数组合(梳摆频率为19Hz,梳棒间距为100mm,梳棒重合度为60%)条件下的采摘效率为1.94kg/min,破损率为3.14%。对比分析振动采摘和手工采摘的采后品质发现:机械采摘和人工采摘两种采摘方式的荔枝色差值、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量在10天的贮藏期内无显著性差异,说明振动采摘未对荔枝果实品质产生不良影响。本研究可为荔枝采收机械的设计与优化提供参考。
In order to improve the efficiency of mechanical picking,a prototype machine of vibration comb picker for litchi was developed.The EDEM software was introduced to establish the simulation model of picking mechanism.The simulation were implemented under the conditions that the comb swing frequency of 10,20 and 30 Hz.The results showed that the maximum compressive force of litchi fruit was 89.62 N at 30 Hz,which revealed that the suitable comb swing frequency should be less than 30 Hz.The effect of comb frequency,comb spacing and stick coincidence degree on picking efficiency and breakage rate was analyzed by three-factor three-level orthogonal experiments.It was confirmed that the best operation conditions are at comb frequency of shelling roller of 19 Hz,comb spacing of 100 mm and stick coincidence degree of 60%,which leads to the picking efficiency of 1.94 kg/min and damage rate of 3.14%.Compared with the postharvest quality of mechanical picking and manual picking,it was found that there were no significant differences in the color difference,content of soluble solids and content of titratable acid in a 10 day storage period.It means that the mechanical picking has no adverse effect on the quality of litchi fruit.This research results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of litchi harvester.
In order to improve the efficiency of mechanical picking,a prototype machine of vibration comb picker for litchi was developed.The EDEM software was introduced to establish the simulation model of picking mechanism.The simulation were implemented under the conditions that the comb swing frequency of 10,20 and 30 Hz.The results showed that the maximum compressive force of litchi fruit was 89.62 N at 30 Hz,which revealed that the suitable comb swing frequency should be less than 30 Hz.The effect of comb frequency,comb spacing and stick coincidence degree on picking efficiency and breakage rate was analyzed by three-factor three-level orthogonal experiments.It was confirmed that the best operation conditions are at comb frequency of shelling roller of 19 Hz,comb spacing of 100 mm and stick coincidence degree of 60%,which leads to the picking efficiency of 1.94 kg/min and damage rate of 3.14%.Compared with the postharvest quality of mechanical picking and manual picking,it was found that there were no significant differences in the color difference,content of soluble solids and content of titratable acid in a 10 day storage period.It means that the mechanical picking has no adverse effect on the quality of litchi fruit.This research results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of litchi harvester.
引文
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[5]赵磊,姜焰鸣,陆华忠,等.滚筒梳剪式荔枝采摘机齿形板的力学仿真分析[J].广东农业科学,2013(17):181-184.
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[7]孔庆军,姜焰鸣,陆华忠,等.旋转剪刀式荔枝采摘机采摘机理分析与结构设计[J].广东农业科学,2013(23):171-173.
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[9]郭艳玲,鲍玉冬,何培庄,等.手推式矮丛蓝莓采摘机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012(7):40-45.
[10]杨兰涛,王丽红,坎杂,等.4PZ-1型自走式酿酒葡萄收获机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017(1):38-44.
[11]周兵,何晶.模拟手枸杞采摘机设计[J].农业工程学报,2010(S1):13-17.
[12]张最,肖宏儒,丁文芹,等.振动式枸杞采摘机理仿真分析与样机试验[J].农业工程学报,2015(10):20-28.
[13]王慰祖,陆华忠,杨洲,等.机械去梗对荔枝损伤及保鲜性能影响的研究[J].现代食品科技,2014(4):171-175.
[14]陈燕,蔡伟亮,邹湘军,等.荔枝的力学特性测试及其有限元分析[J].农业工程学报,2011(12):358-363.
[15]陈燕,蔡伟亮,向和平,等.面向机器人采摘的荔枝果梗力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2012(21):53-58.
[16]王旭东,朱立学,刘江涛,等.荔枝物理参数和机械特性的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2007(12):132-134.
[17]Zhou Jianfeng,He Long,Zhang Qin,et al.Effect of excitation position of a handheld shaker on fruit removal efficiency and damage in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,125:36-44.
[18]赵润茂,王红军,唐之富,等.荔枝收获切割器果梗锯切功耗影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2016(9):16-21.
[19]陶菊春,吴建民.综合加权评分法的综合权重确定新探[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001(8):43-48.
[20]吴建民,陶菊春.用综合加权评分法优化钻井泥浆配方的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002(2):45-48.
[21]吕恩利,陆华忠,杨松夏,等.气调运输包装方式对荔枝保鲜品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2016(4):156-160.
[22]郭嘉明,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同包装薄膜对荔枝气调贮藏品质的影响研究[J].食品工业科技,2016(13):244-249.
[23]陆华忠,李源泉,吕恩利,等.不同温度和包装方式对荔枝保鲜品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2013(10):2330-2334.
[24]祝美云,李梅,梁丽松,等.西洋梨气调贮藏不同时间后货架期品质变化[J].农业工程学报,2011(8):377-382.
[2]王慰祖,陆华忠,杨洲,等.荔枝龙眼园机械化现状调查分析[J].农机化研究,2012,34(3):237-241.
[3]陈风波.越南荔枝产业发展现状及问题[J].中国热带农业,2012(5):30-31.
[4]王付存,庄丽娟.不同荔枝生产组织形式的生产效率分析—基于广东和广西荔枝种植户的调查[J].广东农业科学,2016(2):188-192.
[5]赵磊,姜焰鸣,陆华忠,等.滚筒梳剪式荔枝采摘机齿形板的力学仿真分析[J].广东农业科学,2013(17):181-184.
[6]姜焰鸣,赵磊,陆华忠,等.滚筒梳剪式荔枝采摘部件的设计与优化[J].华南农业大学学报,2015(3):120-124.
[7]孔庆军,姜焰鸣,陆华忠,等.旋转剪刀式荔枝采摘机采摘机理分析与结构设计[J].广东农业科学,2013(23):171-173.
[8]耿雷,郭艳玲,王海滨.高丛蓝莓采摘机采摘系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016(3):67-74.
[9]郭艳玲,鲍玉冬,何培庄,等.手推式矮丛蓝莓采摘机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012(7):40-45.
[10]杨兰涛,王丽红,坎杂,等.4PZ-1型自走式酿酒葡萄收获机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017(1):38-44.
[11]周兵,何晶.模拟手枸杞采摘机设计[J].农业工程学报,2010(S1):13-17.
[12]张最,肖宏儒,丁文芹,等.振动式枸杞采摘机理仿真分析与样机试验[J].农业工程学报,2015(10):20-28.
[13]王慰祖,陆华忠,杨洲,等.机械去梗对荔枝损伤及保鲜性能影响的研究[J].现代食品科技,2014(4):171-175.
[14]陈燕,蔡伟亮,邹湘军,等.荔枝的力学特性测试及其有限元分析[J].农业工程学报,2011(12):358-363.
[15]陈燕,蔡伟亮,向和平,等.面向机器人采摘的荔枝果梗力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2012(21):53-58.
[16]王旭东,朱立学,刘江涛,等.荔枝物理参数和机械特性的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2007(12):132-134.
[17]Zhou Jianfeng,He Long,Zhang Qin,et al.Effect of excitation position of a handheld shaker on fruit removal efficiency and damage in mechanical harvesting of sweet cherry[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,125:36-44.
[18]赵润茂,王红军,唐之富,等.荔枝收获切割器果梗锯切功耗影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2016(9):16-21.
[19]陶菊春,吴建民.综合加权评分法的综合权重确定新探[J].系统工程理论与实践,2001(8):43-48.
[20]吴建民,陶菊春.用综合加权评分法优化钻井泥浆配方的研究[J].农业工程学报,2002(2):45-48.
[21]吕恩利,陆华忠,杨松夏,等.气调运输包装方式对荔枝保鲜品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2016(4):156-160.
[22]郭嘉明,吕恩利,陆华忠,等.不同包装薄膜对荔枝气调贮藏品质的影响研究[J].食品工业科技,2016(13):244-249.
[23]陆华忠,李源泉,吕恩利,等.不同温度和包装方式对荔枝保鲜品质的影响[J].现代食品科技,2013(10):2330-2334.
[24]祝美云,李梅,梁丽松,等.西洋梨气调贮藏不同时间后货架期品质变化[J].农业工程学报,2011(8):377-382.