河套灌区渠道水深对渠床土壤入渗特性的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究渠道水深对渠床土壤入渗特性的影响及其变化规律。【方法】以河套灌区典型斗渠规模的渠道水深对渠床土壤入渗特性的影响为对象,采用水位下降静水法入渗试验,分析了渠道水深对累积入渗量、入渗率、渗漏强度的影响。【结果】(1)在同一渠道水深条件下,土壤累积入渗量随着渗漏用时的延长而增加;土壤入渗率和渠道渗漏强度均随渗漏用时逐渐减小并最终趋于稳定。(2)不同渠道水深条件下土壤累积入渗量、土壤入渗率和渠道渗漏强度均呈现出随水深的增加而增大的趋势。(3)在渠道水深作用下渠床土壤含水率动态分布受基质势梯度、土壤导水率及湿周的影响较大。【结论】渠道水深对渠床土壤入渗特性中的累积入渗量、入渗率、渗漏强度及渠床土壤含水率动态分布均有较大影响,且前三者均随水深的增加而呈现指数规律增大,并且在不同渠道水深的相近入渗特性下最优水深为70 cm。
【Objective】Water leaching from channels in irrigation district is affected by many factors and in this paper, we investigate experimentally the role of water depth inside the channel in impacting water leaching.【Method】The experiment was conducted in channels in Hetao Irrigation District, and in the experiment we measured infiltration rate and accumulating infiltration using static water surface method.【Result】(1) When water depth inside the channel was the same, the cumulative infiltration into soil from the channel bed increased with the infiltration time and both soil infiltration rate and the channel seepage rate decreased as time elapsed, reaching steady state ultimately.(2)The accumulated infiltration, soil infiltration rate and channel leaching intensity varied differently with water depth inside the channel.(3)Changes in soil moisture in the channel bed was influenced by potential gradient in soil, soil water conductivity and the wetting perimeter.【Conclusion】Water depth inside the channel has a great influence on cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate, water leaching and soil moisture dynamics in the channel bed, with the former three exponentially increasing with the water depth. An optimal water depth of 70 cm can be used under the similar infiltration condition.
【Objective】Water leaching from channels in irrigation district is affected by many factors and in this paper, we investigate experimentally the role of water depth inside the channel in impacting water leaching.【Method】The experiment was conducted in channels in Hetao Irrigation District, and in the experiment we measured infiltration rate and accumulating infiltration using static water surface method.【Result】(1) When water depth inside the channel was the same, the cumulative infiltration into soil from the channel bed increased with the infiltration time and both soil infiltration rate and the channel seepage rate decreased as time elapsed, reaching steady state ultimately.(2)The accumulated infiltration, soil infiltration rate and channel leaching intensity varied differently with water depth inside the channel.(3)Changes in soil moisture in the channel bed was influenced by potential gradient in soil, soil water conductivity and the wetting perimeter.【Conclusion】Water depth inside the channel has a great influence on cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate, water leaching and soil moisture dynamics in the channel bed, with the former three exponentially increasing with the water depth. An optimal water depth of 70 cm can be used under the similar infiltration condition.
引文
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[19]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:20-50.
[2]雷波.农业水资源效用评价研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院研究生院,2010.
[3]赵艳.渠道防渗技术存在的问题及对策[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2017(12):56-58.
[4]尹华.渠道防渗工程技术研究[J].黑龙江水利科技,2011(4):60-61.
[5]何武全,刘群昌.我国渠道衬砌与防渗技术发展现状与趋势[J].中国农村水利水电,2009(6):3-6.
[6]金世杰,费良军,傅渝亮,等.土壤初始含水率对浑水膜孔灌自由入渗特性影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):235-239.
[7]王平,胡笑涛,王文娥.不同湿润比下滴灌土壤入渗特性模拟试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):6-11.
[8]吴军虎,张铁钢,赵伟,等.容重对不同有机质含量土壤水分入渗特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):63-67.
[9]范严伟,黄宁,马孝义.层状土垂直一维入渗土壤水分运动数值模拟与验证[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(1):215-219.
[10]范严伟,赵文举,王昱,等.夹砂层土壤Green-Ampt入渗模型的改进与验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(5):93-99.
[11]李毅,任鑫,HORTON Robert.不同质地和夹层位置对层状土入渗规律的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2012,30(4):485-490.
[12]陈永宝,胡顺军,罗毅,等.不同入渗水头条件下壤砂土的一维垂直入渗特性[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(4):713-719.
[13]张新燕,蔡焕杰,朱德兰.沟灌条件下灌水沟入渗特性研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2012(3):7-11.
[14]马娟娟,孙西欢,李占斌.入渗水头对土壤水平一维入渗影响初探[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(2):20-22.
[15]张新燕,蔡焕杰,王健.沟灌二维入渗影响因素实验研究[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(9):38-41.
[16]孙美.渠道渗漏室内试验土壤水分运动数值模拟[C]//纪念中国农业工程学会成立30周年暨中国农业工程学会2009年学术年会(CSAE 2009)论文集.中国农业工程学会,2009.
[17]郑燕燕,冯绍元,霍再林.沟灌条件下层状土壤入渗与排水实验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(5):30-33.
[18]王文焰,张建丰,汪志荣,等.砂层在黄土中的阻水性及减渗性的研究[J].农业工程学报,1995,11(1):104-110.
[19]雷志栋,杨诗秀,谢森传.土壤水动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1988:20-50.