梭子蟹格栅式循环水养殖技术
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摘要
传统的梭子蟹池塘养殖、围网养殖以及后来发展的笼养、筐养等对自然环境依赖性强、可控性差、劳动强度大、养殖产量低。本研究针对传统养殖方式的不足,采用格栅式单体养殖方法,有机组合生物净化水处理单元,构建了温室大棚梭子蟹格栅式循环水养殖系统,研发了具有"防止互残、遮阳保温、增氧去污"等性能的梭子蟹养殖新模式。结果表明,格栅式养殖池放养梭子蟹C8~C9期大规格苗种,经113 d养成至C11~C12期商品蟹,平均甲宽168 mm、平均体重253 g,存活率75.4%,养殖平均产量3.054 kg/m2。与传统养殖方式相比,采用温室大棚格栅式循环水养殖技术能有效延长梭子蟹的生长期,单位面积养殖产量和存活率均有显著提高。
Traditional Portunus trituberculatus culture in pond,isolated net,cage and basket are subject to the natural environment and are characterized by poor controllability,great labor intensity,low yield. In this study,a grid type culture of P. trituberculatus in a recirculating aquaculture system was explored,which have advantages of avoiding cannibolism,sunshade and heat preservation,aeration and decontamination. Crabs at stage of C8-C9 were moved into the grid type recirculating culture system and cultured for 113 days to commercial crab at stage of C11-C12,the carapace breadth and body weight reached to 168 mm and 253 g respectively. And the average yield reached to 3. 054 kg / m2 with survival rate of 75. 4%. Compared to the traditional culture model, the average yield of grid type recirculating culture system has significantly increased.
Traditional Portunus trituberculatus culture in pond,isolated net,cage and basket are subject to the natural environment and are characterized by poor controllability,great labor intensity,low yield. In this study,a grid type culture of P. trituberculatus in a recirculating aquaculture system was explored,which have advantages of avoiding cannibolism,sunshade and heat preservation,aeration and decontamination. Crabs at stage of C8-C9 were moved into the grid type recirculating culture system and cultured for 113 days to commercial crab at stage of C11-C12,the carapace breadth and body weight reached to 168 mm and 253 g respectively. And the average yield reached to 3. 054 kg / m2 with survival rate of 75. 4%. Compared to the traditional culture model, the average yield of grid type recirculating culture system has significantly increased.
引文
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[22]周裕华,潘桂平,周文玉,等.水体盐度对三疣梭子蟹生长及存活的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2014(10):64-66.
[2]杨正兵.脊尾白虾、梭子蟹和缢蛏混养技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2009(5):36-36.
[3]吴国均,张曹进,任忠宏,等.脊尾白虾、三疣梭子蟹和黑鲷的混养试验[J].水产养殖,2012(3):10-12.
[4]王兴强,曹梅,阎斌伦,等.三疣梭子蟹综合养殖技术[J].水产科学,2009,28(2):105-108.
[5]徐君卓,许文军,孙忠,等.梭子蟹围塘养殖新模式[J].现代渔业信息,2010,25(3):22-24.
[6]周锡瑞.低潮位围网养殖梭子蟹技术[J].科学养鱼,2010(5):23-24.
[7]徐鹏飞.浅海笼养三疣梭子蟹技术[J].科学种养,2009(3):39-40.
[8]孟涛,郭霞,任娟,等.利用扇贝笼养殖梭子蟹[J].河北渔业,2000(2):19.
[9]邵才国,章爱如.梭子蟹吊笼养殖试验[J].苏盐科技,2002(3):19,40.
[10]任宗伟,熊玉丽,丁元录.浅海筏式笼养梭子蟹试验[J].河北渔业,2001(3):36-38.
[11]沈烈峰,洪挺,顾建明,等.三疣梭子蟹单体筐立体养殖技术研究[J].现代农业科技,2013(6):263-267.
[12]王芳,王馨,刘恒彤,等.光色对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长和能量收支的影响[J].中国海洋大学报:自然科学版,2014,44(11):25-29.
[13]孙玉华,张忠悦,胡旭辉.三疣梭子蟹健康高效养殖技术[J].中国水产,2006(11):48-49.
[14]刘长军,郑岳夫,郑扬,等.三疣梭子蟹高产高效养殖技术探讨[J].现代农业科技,2010(10):320-321.
[15]沈烈峰,伊祥华,刘长军,等.三疣梭子蟹高产高效养殖技术研究[J].河北渔业,2013(9):30-34.
[16]戴超,王芳,房子恒,等.温度对蜕壳后期三疣梭子蟹能量代谢酶活力的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(9):1334-1341
[17]张海灵.池塘养殖三疣梭子蟹增氧的意义和方法[J].中国水产,2009(5):48.
[18]张开志.池塘养鱼慎防氨氮中毒[J].中国水产,2009(5):49.
[19]金忠文.三疣梭子蟹分级养殖技术[J].中国水产,2007(5):32-33.
[20]路允良,王芳,赵卓英,等.盐度对三疣梭子蟹生长、蜕壳及能量利用的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(2):237-245.
[21]张贵.溶解氧、盐度、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮对三疣梭子蟹存活和摄饵的影响[D].广东海洋大学,2012.
[22]周裕华,潘桂平,周文玉,等.水体盐度对三疣梭子蟹生长及存活的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2014(10):64-66.