等离子体射流处理对聚全氟乙丙烯薄膜沿面绝缘特性的影响研究
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摘要
闪络现象严重制约电气设备的设计制造和安全稳定运行,而绝缘材料的表面状态及特性对闪络有着重要影响。为探索聚合物材料表面带电特性对真空闪络的影响规律,利用大气压等离子体射流对聚全氟乙丙烯薄膜进行表面处理,研究不同处理条件对材料表面绝缘特性的影响规律。对处理前后材料的表面化学组成、表面陷阱能级分布及空间电荷分布进行测量和分析。结果表明:表面处理在材料表面引入了含Si的无机基团,并使材料表面陷阱能级轻微变浅,材料表面陷阱密度明显增加,且陷阱密度增加趋势与空间电荷分布呈现出一定的正相关性。开展了处理前后薄膜材料的真空沿面闪络实验,实验结果表明:材料的真空沿面耐压随陷阱密度的增加出现先增加后降低的现象。研究结果表明,大气压等离子体表面处理能够在一定范围内调控材料表面陷阱参数,适当增加材料表面陷阱密度,有助于提高材料真空沿面耐压。
Flashover phenomenon restricts the design,manufacture and stable operation of electrical equipment seriously. The surface state and characteristics of insulating materials have an important effect on flashover. In order to explore the influence of surface charging characteristics on the flashover of polymer materials, atmospheric pressure plasma jets were used to treat the FEP film, and then the effect of different processing conditions on the insulation properties of material surface was studied. The surface chemical composition, trap level distribution, space charge distribution and flashover voltage in vacuum of the materials were tested and analyzed before and after the treatment. The results show that some inorganic groups containing silicon element were introduced on the surface of FEP, and the trap density increased in different degrees while the energy level of trap changed slightly. Moreover, the space charge distribution showed a certain positive correlation with the trap density. The flashover voltage of the FEP materials increased first and then decreased with the increase of the trap density. The research results show that atmospheric pressure plasma surface treatment can regulate the surface trapping parameters of the insulating materials within a certain range, which could withstandhigher voltage by increasing the surface trap density properly.
Flashover phenomenon restricts the design,manufacture and stable operation of electrical equipment seriously. The surface state and characteristics of insulating materials have an important effect on flashover. In order to explore the influence of surface charging characteristics on the flashover of polymer materials, atmospheric pressure plasma jets were used to treat the FEP film, and then the effect of different processing conditions on the insulation properties of material surface was studied. The surface chemical composition, trap level distribution, space charge distribution and flashover voltage in vacuum of the materials were tested and analyzed before and after the treatment. The results show that some inorganic groups containing silicon element were introduced on the surface of FEP, and the trap density increased in different degrees while the energy level of trap changed slightly. Moreover, the space charge distribution showed a certain positive correlation with the trap density. The flashover voltage of the FEP materials increased first and then decreased with the increase of the trap density. The research results show that atmospheric pressure plasma surface treatment can regulate the surface trapping parameters of the insulating materials within a certain range, which could withstandhigher voltage by increasing the surface trap density properly.
引文
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[19]廖瑞金,柳海滨,柏舸,等.纳米Si O2/芳纶绝缘纸复合材料的空间电荷特性和介电性能[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):40-48.Liao Ruijin,Liu Haibin,Bo Ke,et al.Space charge characteristics and dielectric properties of nano-SiO2/aramid paper composite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):40-48(in Chinese).
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[22]张灵,周远翔,滕陈源,等.温度场下非等温结晶对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):420-428.Zhang Ling,Zhou Yuanxiang,Teng Chenyuan,et al.Influence of non-isothermal crystallization on space charge characteristics in low-density polyethylene at temperature fields[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):420-428(in Chinese).
[23]刘亚强,安振连,仓俊,等.氟化时间对环氧树脂绝缘表面电荷积累的影响[J].物理学报,2012,61(15):158201-158201.Liu Yaqiang,An Zhenlian,Cang Jun,et al.Influence of fluorination time on surface charge accumulation on epoxy resin insulation[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(15):158201-158201(in Chinese).
[24]倪震宇.聚全氟乙丙烯的市场及技术进展[J].有机氟工业,2006(2):45-46.Ni Chenyu.Market and technical progress of fluorinated ethylene propylene[J].Organo-Fluorine Industry,2006(2):45-46(in Chinese).
[25]邵涛,章程,王瑞雪,等.大气压脉冲气体放电与等离子体应用[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):685-705.Shao Tao,Zhang Cheng,Wang Ruixue,et al.Atmospheric-pressure pulsed gas discharge and pulsed plasma application[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):685-705(in Chinese).
[26]戴栋,宁文军,邵涛,等.大气压低温等离子体的研究现状与发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):1-9.Dai Dong,Ning Wenjun,Shao Tao,et al.A review on the state of art and future trends of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society.2017,32(20):1-9(in Chinese).
[27]高宇,李莹,崔劲达,等.伽玛线辐射对环氧树脂表面陷阱分布的影响[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):264-269.Gao Yu,Li Ying,Cui Jinda,et al.Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on surface trap distribution of epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society.2012,27(12):264-269(in Chinese).
[28]刘孟佳,周福升,陈铮铮,等.采用等温表面电位衰减法表征LDPE与HDPE内陷阱的分布特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(1):285-291.Liu Mengjia,Zhou Fusheng,Chen Zhengzheng,et al.Characterizing trap distribution in LDPE and HDPE based on isothermal surface potential decay measurement[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(1):285-291(in Chinese).
[29]Xie Qing,Lin Haofan,Zhang Shuai,et al.Deposition of Si CxHyOz thin film on epoxy resin by nanosecond pulsed APPJ for improving the surface insulating performance[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2018,20(2):025504.
[30]邵涛,严萍.大气压气体放电及其等离子体应用[M].科学出版社,2015:411-415.Shao Tao,Yan Ping.Atmospheric gas discharges and its plasma applications[M].Beijing,China:Science Press,2015:411-415(in Chinese).
[2]Miller H C.Flashover of insulators in vacuum:the last twenty years[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(6):3641-3657.
[3]Li Shengtao.Charge dynamics:Linking traps to insulation failure[C]//2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials(ICPADM).IEEE,2015:1-14.
[4]吕金壮.氧化铝陶瓷的陷阱分布对其真空中沿面闪络特性的影响[D].北京:华北电力大学,2003:69-73.Lyu Jinzhuang.The influence of trap distribution of alumina ceramics on the surface flashover[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2003:69-73(in Chinese).
[5]孙泽来,齐波,李成榕,等.真空中纳秒脉冲下绝缘子表面电荷积聚对表面电场的影响[J].真空科学与技术学报,2015,35(12):1437-1442.Sun Zelai,Qi Bo,Li Chengrong,et al.Influence of surface charge induced by nano-second pulse on field distribution of vacuum insulator[J].Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology,2015,35(12):1437-1442(in Chinese).
[6]李成榕,丁立健,吕金壮,等.氧化铝陶瓷绝缘子真空沿面闪络过程中的陷阱机制[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(9):1-5.Li Chengrong,Ding Lijian,Lyu Jinzhuang,et al.Traping and de-traping process resulting in the alumina surface flashover in vacuum[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(9):1-5(in Chinese).
[7]蒙志成,孙永卫,原青云,等.不同温度下聚酰亚胺陷阱分布规律研究[J].量子电子学报,2018,35(2):230-235.Meng Zhicheng,Sun Yongwei,Yuan Qingyun,et al.Trap distribution of polyimide at different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2018,35(2):230-235(in Chinese).
[8]李昂,杜伯学,徐航,等.表层氟化环氧纳米复合材料表面的电荷动态特性[J].高电压技术,2015,41(2):410-416.Li Ang,Du Boxue,Xu Hang,et al.Surface charge accumulation and decay of direct-fluorinated epoxy TiO2nanocomposites[J],High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(2):410-416(in Chinese).
[9]Li Jin,Du Boxue,Su Jingang,et al.Surface layer fluorination-modulated space charge behaviors in HVDCcable accessory[J].Polymers,2018,10(5):500.
[10]林生军,黄印,闵道敏,等.电子束辐照对环氧微米复合介质表面陷阱特性和表面电导的影响[J].绝缘材料,2016(12):55-61.Lin Shengjun,Huang Yin,Min Daomin,et al.Influence of electron beam irradiation on surface trao properties and surface conduction of epoxy resin microcomposites[J].Insulating Materials,2016(12):55-61(in Chinese).
[11]李枕,黄印,闵道敏,等.环氧基碳纳米管纳米电介质的直流真空沿面闪络特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):2857-2865.Li Zhen,Huang Yin,Min Daomin,et al.Surface flashover characteristic of EP/MWCNTS in vacuum under DCvoltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):2857-2865(in Chinese).
[12]柯昌凤,刘文元,段荔,等.表面改性对绝缘子真空沿面闪络特性的影响[J].强激光与粒子束,2014,26(6):280-284.Ke Changfeng,Liu Wenyuan,Duan Li,et al.Influence of surface modification on vacuum flashover performance of insulators[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2014,26(6):280-284(in Chinese).
[13]王飞鹏,张涛,李剑,等.表层氟化环氧树脂的直流闪络特性[J].高电压技术,2018,44(2):372-379.Wang Feipeng,Zhang Tao,Li Jian,et al.DC flashover characteristics of surface fluorinated epoxy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(2):372-379(in Chinese).
[14]林浩凡,王瑞雪,谢庆,等.等离子体射流快速改性促进表面电荷衰减[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(16):256-264.Lin Haofan,Wang Ruixue,Xie Qing,et al.Rapid surface modification by plasma jet to promote surface charge decaying[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(16):256-264(in Chinese).
[15]田思理,王瑞雪,章程,等.氦等离子体射流子弹及活性粒子时空分布特征研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(1):330-336.Tian Sili,Wang Ruixue,Zhang Cheng,et al.Temporal and spatial study of plasma bullet and reactive species in a helium plasma jet[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(1):330-336(in Chinese).
[16]Shao Tao,Yang Wenjin,Zhang Cheng,et al.Enhanced surface flashover strength in vacuum of polymethyl methacrylate by surface modification using atmosphericpressure dielectric barrier discharge[J].Applied Physics Letters,2014,105(7):071607-1-071607-5.
[17]马云飞,章程,李传扬,等.重频脉冲放电等离子体处理聚合物材料加快表面电荷消散的实验研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(6):1731-1738.Ma Yunfei,Zhang Cheng,Li Chuanyang,et al.Experimental study of accelerating surface charge dissipation on polymer treated by repetitively pulsed discharge plasmas[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(6):1731-1738(in Chinese).
[18]王瑞雪,海彬,田思理,等.绝缘材料表面电荷测量优化及等离子体处理对其表面电特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(6):1808-1815.Wang Ruixue,Hai Bin,Tian Sili,et al.Optimization of dielectric material surface charge measurement and impact of plasma treatment on their surface electrical characteristics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(6):1808-1815(in Chinese).
[19]廖瑞金,柳海滨,柏舸,等.纳米Si O2/芳纶绝缘纸复合材料的空间电荷特性和介电性能[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):40-48.Liao Ruijin,Liu Haibin,Bo Ke,et al.Space charge characteristics and dielectric properties of nano-SiO2/aramid paper composite[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):40-48(in Chinese).
[20]周远翔,王宁华,王云杉,等.固体电介质空间电荷研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2008,23(9):16-25.Zhou Yuanxiang,Wang Ninghua,Wang Yunbin,et al.Review of research on space charge in solid dielectrics[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society.2008,23(9):16-25(in Chinese).
[21]张灵,周远翔,张云霄,等.纳米颗粒接枝密度对纳米复合XLPE空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2014,40(9):2653-2660.Zhang Ling,Zhou Yuanxiang,Zhang Yunxiao,et al.Effect of nanoparticleês graft density on space charge properties of XLPE nanocomposites[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(9):2653-2660(in Chinese).
[22]张灵,周远翔,滕陈源,等.温度场下非等温结晶对低密度聚乙烯空间电荷特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2017,43(2):420-428.Zhang Ling,Zhou Yuanxiang,Teng Chenyuan,et al.Influence of non-isothermal crystallization on space charge characteristics in low-density polyethylene at temperature fields[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(2):420-428(in Chinese).
[23]刘亚强,安振连,仓俊,等.氟化时间对环氧树脂绝缘表面电荷积累的影响[J].物理学报,2012,61(15):158201-158201.Liu Yaqiang,An Zhenlian,Cang Jun,et al.Influence of fluorination time on surface charge accumulation on epoxy resin insulation[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2012,61(15):158201-158201(in Chinese).
[24]倪震宇.聚全氟乙丙烯的市场及技术进展[J].有机氟工业,2006(2):45-46.Ni Chenyu.Market and technical progress of fluorinated ethylene propylene[J].Organo-Fluorine Industry,2006(2):45-46(in Chinese).
[25]邵涛,章程,王瑞雪,等.大气压脉冲气体放电与等离子体应用[J].高电压技术,2016,42(3):685-705.Shao Tao,Zhang Cheng,Wang Ruixue,et al.Atmospheric-pressure pulsed gas discharge and pulsed plasma application[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(3):685-705(in Chinese).
[26]戴栋,宁文军,邵涛,等.大气压低温等离子体的研究现状与发展趋势[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(20):1-9.Dai Dong,Ning Wenjun,Shao Tao,et al.A review on the state of art and future trends of atmospheric pressure low temperature plasmas[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society.2017,32(20):1-9(in Chinese).
[27]高宇,李莹,崔劲达,等.伽玛线辐射对环氧树脂表面陷阱分布的影响[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):264-269.Gao Yu,Li Ying,Cui Jinda,et al.Effect of gamma-ray irradiation on surface trap distribution of epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society.2012,27(12):264-269(in Chinese).
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