番茄-分蘖洋葱伴生对根际土壤酚类物质的影响
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摘要
分蘖洋葱伴生缓解了番茄连作障碍,酚类物质积累是产生连作障碍原因之一,伴生对土壤酚类物质的影响尚不明确。试验采用盆栽的方法,对分蘖洋葱与番茄伴生土壤中pH、EC值、多酚氧化酶和酚类物质进行测定,并进行相关性分析。结果显示,与单作相比,伴生番茄地上和地下干重显著增加,伴生显著地提高了番茄根际土壤p H、多酚氧化酶活性和复合态酚含量,却显著降低了土壤中EC值、土壤总酚和水溶性酚含量。与单作相比,伴生分蘖洋葱地上和地下干重显著降低,同时伴生分蘖洋葱根际土壤pH、水溶性酚和复合态酚含量显著升高,土壤中EC值和总酚含量显著降低。植株干重与土壤p H及水溶性酚含量呈显著性正相关,与土壤EC值呈极显著性负相关。综上,分蘖洋葱伴生促进了番茄地上和地下部分的生长,却抑制了分蘖洋葱地上和地下部分的生长。伴生有效地减少土壤中酚类物质积累、土壤酸化和盐碱化,改善了土壤生态环境。
The accumulation of phenolic substances was one of main factors influencing continuous cropping obstacle which could be relieved by tillered onion companion.However,the effect of companion on phenolic compounds in the soil was not clear.Pot culture was used to determine the contents of pH,EC,activities of polyphenol oxidase and phenolics in rhizosphere soil of tomato and tillered onion companion,and to analyze the correlation.The results showed that overground and underground dry weight of companion tomato increased significantly,compared with the tomato monocultured.The p H,the activity of polyphenol oxidase and the content of compound phenols were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil of tomato,but the content of EC,total phenols and water soluble phenols in soil were significantly reduced.Compared with the potato monocultured,overground and underground dry weight of companion tillered onion decreased significantly.At the same time,the content of pH,water soluble phenol and compound phenols in the rhizosphere of the companion tillered onion increased significantly.The content of EC and total phenol in the soil decreased significantly.There was a significant positive correlation between dry weight,soil pH and water-soluble phenol content,and negatively correlated with soil EC value.Above all,the tillered onion companion promoted the growth of overground and underground part of tomato,but inhibited the growth of tillered onion.Companion could effectively reduce the accumulation of phenolic substances,acidification and salinization of the soil,improve the soil ecological environment.
The accumulation of phenolic substances was one of main factors influencing continuous cropping obstacle which could be relieved by tillered onion companion.However,the effect of companion on phenolic compounds in the soil was not clear.Pot culture was used to determine the contents of pH,EC,activities of polyphenol oxidase and phenolics in rhizosphere soil of tomato and tillered onion companion,and to analyze the correlation.The results showed that overground and underground dry weight of companion tomato increased significantly,compared with the tomato monocultured.The p H,the activity of polyphenol oxidase and the content of compound phenols were significantly increased in the rhizosphere soil of tomato,but the content of EC,total phenols and water soluble phenols in soil were significantly reduced.Compared with the potato monocultured,overground and underground dry weight of companion tillered onion decreased significantly.At the same time,the content of pH,water soluble phenol and compound phenols in the rhizosphere of the companion tillered onion increased significantly.The content of EC and total phenol in the soil decreased significantly.There was a significant positive correlation between dry weight,soil pH and water-soluble phenol content,and negatively correlated with soil EC value.Above all,the tillered onion companion promoted the growth of overground and underground part of tomato,but inhibited the growth of tillered onion.Companion could effectively reduce the accumulation of phenolic substances,acidification and salinization of the soil,improve the soil ecological environment.
引文
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[19]董雪娇,吴瑕,姚鑫,等.套作分蘖洋葱对番茄生长、产量及果实品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2017,29(5):1-4.
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[23]Mu Y,Yuan D,Lan Y,et al.Effects of tea planting age on soil pH value,contents of organic matter and phenolic acids[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2016(4):8.
[24]Liu S,Hu R,Zhao J,et al.Flooding effects on soil phenol oxidase activity and phenol release during rice straw decomposition[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2014,177(4):541-547.
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[26]Siqueira J O,Nair M G,Hammerschmidt R,et al.Significance of phenolic compounds in plant‐soil‐microbial systems[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1991,10(1):63-121.
[27]唐伟,孙晓怡.pH值对酚类化合物生物毒性的影响[J].黑龙江环境通报,2005,29(1):45-46.
[28]Zhou X,Zhang J,Pan D,et al.p-Coumaric can alter the composition of cucumber rhizosphere microbial communities and induce negative plant-microbial interactions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2018(3):1-10.
[29]张玥琦,刘慧,赵凤艳,等.不同施肥措施对番茄连作土壤酚酸含量和微生物功能多样性的调节[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):887-894.
[30]Halvorson J J,Schmidt M A,Hagerman A E,et al.Reduction of soluble nitrogen and mobilization of plant nutrients in soils from US northern Great Plains agroecosystems by phenolic compounds[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,94:211-221.
[2]帅正彬,李杰.蔬菜连作障碍与综防措施研究进展[J].中国园艺文摘,2014,30(10):60-63.
[3]王飞,李世贵,徐凤花,等.连作障碍发生机制研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013(5):6-13.
[4]陈玲,董坤,杨智仙,等.连作障碍中化感自毒效应及间作缓解机理[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(8):91-98.
[5]Hao W Y,Ren L X,Ran W,et al.Allelopathic effects of root exudates from watermelon and rice plants on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum[J].Plant and Soil,2010,336:485-497.
[6]王媛,周建斌,杨学云.长期不同培肥处理对土壤有机氮组分及氮素矿化特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(6):1173-1180.
[7]杨梅,谭玲,叶绍明,等.桉树连作对土壤多酚氧化酶活性及酚类物质含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):165-169.
[8]赵尊练,杨广君,巩振辉,等.克服蔬菜作物连作障碍问题之研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(12):278-282.
[9]董艳,董坤,汤利,等.小麦蚕豆间作对蚕豆根际微生物群落功能多样性的影响及其与蚕豆枯萎病发生的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(23):7445-7454.
[10]Zhou X G,Yu G B,Wu F Z.Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities,microbial communities and cucumber yield[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2011,47:279-287.
[11]徐伟慧,吴凤芝.西瓜根际土壤酶及微生物对小麦套作的响应[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(9):1588-1594.
[12]吴凤芝,潘凯,刘守伟.设施土壤修复及连作障碍克服技术[J].中国蔬菜,2013(13):39.
[13]Wu X,Wu F,Zhou X,et al.Effects of Intercropping with Potato Onion on the Growth of Tomato and Rhizosphere Alkaline Phosphatase Genes Diversity[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2016(7):846.
[14]华玉梅,梁学煜.脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤对EC值的影响分析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2015(30):126.
[15]孙治强,张楠,赵卫星,等.氮肥施用量对生菜产量、硝酸盐积累及土壤EC值、pH值的影响[J].江西农业学报,2007,19(4):44-45.
[16]张咏梅,周国逸,吴宁.土壤酶学的研究进展[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2004,12(1):83-90.
[17]Vandermeer J H.The Ecology of Intercropping Systems[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1989,29:185-188.
[18]吴瑕,吴凤芝,周新刚.分蘖洋葱伴生对番茄矿质养分吸收及灰霉病发生的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):734-742.
[19]董雪娇,吴瑕,姚鑫,等.套作分蘖洋葱对番茄生长、产量及果实品质的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2017,29(5):1-4.
[20]Cahill J F,McNickle G G,Haag J J,et al.Plants integrate information about nutrients and neighbors[J].Science,2010,328(5986):1657.
[21]申建波,张福锁.根分泌物的生态效应[J].中国农业科技导报,1999(4):21-27.
[22]叶发茂.土壤酚类物质对森林生态系统转换的响应及其机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[23]Mu Y,Yuan D,Lan Y,et al.Effects of tea planting age on soil pH value,contents of organic matter and phenolic acids[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2016(4):8.
[24]Liu S,Hu R,Zhao J,et al.Flooding effects on soil phenol oxidase activity and phenol release during rice straw decomposition[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2014,177(4):541-547.
[25]孙步蕾,王艳芳,张先富,等.连作土壤中残根对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量及土壤酚酸类物质和微生物的影响[J].园艺学报,2015,42(1):131-139.
[26]Siqueira J O,Nair M G,Hammerschmidt R,et al.Significance of phenolic compounds in plant‐soil‐microbial systems[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1991,10(1):63-121.
[27]唐伟,孙晓怡.pH值对酚类化合物生物毒性的影响[J].黑龙江环境通报,2005,29(1):45-46.
[28]Zhou X,Zhang J,Pan D,et al.p-Coumaric can alter the composition of cucumber rhizosphere microbial communities and induce negative plant-microbial interactions[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2018(3):1-10.
[29]张玥琦,刘慧,赵凤艳,等.不同施肥措施对番茄连作土壤酚酸含量和微生物功能多样性的调节[J].土壤通报,2017,48(4):887-894.
[30]Halvorson J J,Schmidt M A,Hagerman A E,et al.Reduction of soluble nitrogen and mobilization of plant nutrients in soils from US northern Great Plains agroecosystems by phenolic compounds[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2016,94:211-221.