重复超速违法行为罚款模式研究
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摘要
为遏制屡罚屡犯的超速违法惯犯,探究重复超速违法行为罚款模式及其适用条件。搜集德阳市2015—2017年机动车超速违法记录,划分超速违法车辆类型,量化超速违法行为收益,构建交通违法行为低额单一罚款、递增罚款、高额单一罚款模式,提出超速违法行为产生的社会福利计算方法,比较可接受收益和非法收益均不变、可接受收益可变而非法收益不变2种情况下3种罚款模式对应的社会福利大小,确定各罚款模式的适用条件,并进行算例分析。结果表明:若超速违法行为导致的社会损失较大,则递增罚款模式比低额单一罚款模式更优,但不如高额单一罚款模式;反之,则相反;递增罚款模式是一个比较折中的方案。
In order to prevent speeding recidivists,the fine modes of repeat speeding behavior and their applicable conditions have been explored. According to the speeding records of motorized vehicles from2015 to 2017 collected in Deyang City,the type of speeding vehicle were classified. After quantifying speeding gains violations,three fine modes were established,including low uniform fine,increasing block fine,and high uniform fine. Based on these fine modes,the cost-benefit theory was utilized to propose the calculation methods of social welfares generated by speeding. And then,the social welfares associated with three fine modes were compared respectively in two cases where both acceptable gain and illicit gain were fixed,and the acceptable gain was stochastic while the illicit gain was fixed. According to the aforementioned comparisons,the application condition for each fine mode was determined. In the end,a numerical example analysis was conducted. The results show that if the social loss caused by speeding is comparatively great, the increasing block fine mode outperforms the low uniform fine mode, but underperforms the high uniform fine mode; conversely,the opposite is true. The increasing block fine mode is the most compromised solution.
In order to prevent speeding recidivists,the fine modes of repeat speeding behavior and their applicable conditions have been explored. According to the speeding records of motorized vehicles from2015 to 2017 collected in Deyang City,the type of speeding vehicle were classified. After quantifying speeding gains violations,three fine modes were established,including low uniform fine,increasing block fine,and high uniform fine. Based on these fine modes,the cost-benefit theory was utilized to propose the calculation methods of social welfares generated by speeding. And then,the social welfares associated with three fine modes were compared respectively in two cases where both acceptable gain and illicit gain were fixed,and the acceptable gain was stochastic while the illicit gain was fixed. According to the aforementioned comparisons,the application condition for each fine mode was determined. In the end,a numerical example analysis was conducted. The results show that if the social loss caused by speeding is comparatively great, the increasing block fine mode outperforms the low uniform fine mode, but underperforms the high uniform fine mode; conversely,the opposite is true. The increasing block fine mode is the most compromised solution.
引文
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[3] BOWIE N N,WALZ M. Data analysis of the speed-related crash issue[J]. Auto&Traffic Safety,1994,1(2):31-38.
[4] ZHANG Guangnan,YAU K K,GONG Xiangpu. Traffic violations in Guangdong province of China:speeding and drunk driving[J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention,2014,64:30-40.
[5] POLINSKY A M,RUBINFELD D L. A model of optimal fines for repeat offenders[J]. Journal of Public Economics,1991,46(3):291-306.
[6] DELHAYE E. The enforcement of speeding:should fines be higher for repeated offences?[J] Transportation Planning and Technology,2007,30(4):355-375.
[7]刘翰宁.机动车闯红灯递增式阶梯罚款优化模型研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2016.LIU Hanning. Research on optimization model of the increasing tiered fine for motorized vehicle running red-light[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2016.
[8]曾永松.电子执法环境下阶梯式处罚强度模型研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.ZENG Yongsong. Research on step punishment intensity model in automated enforcement[D]. Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2014.
[9]蒋贤才,曾永松.违法停车阶梯式处罚强度模型研究[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(7):124-133.JIANG Xiancai,ZENG Yongsong. Research on step punishment intensity model of illegal parking[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2016,29(7):124-133.
[10]丁以升.违法行为的经济学分析[J].法学,1996(5):8-9.
[11] BECKER G S. Crime and punishment:an economic approach[J]. Journal of Political Economy,1968,76(2):169-217.
[12]周悦,夏亮,付川云,等.出租车驾驶员交通违法行为演化博弈模型研究[J/OL].西南交通大学学报,http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51. 1277.U.20180912. 1804. 002.html.ZHOU Yue,XIA Liang,FU Chuanyun,et al. An evolutionary game model of traffic violation of taxi driver[J/OL].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/51. 1277.U.20180912. 1804. 002.html.
[13] FILDES B,LEE S. The speed review:road environment,behavior,speed limits,enforcement and crashes[R]. Monash University Accident Research Center,1993.