牙龈生物型的测量方法
|
摘要
牙龈生物型泛是指牙周组织以及牙体组织的形态特征,是预测修复、种植、牙周等美学治疗术后成功率的重要参考因素之一。个体间牙龈生物型存在差异,且不同牙龈生物型对外界刺激的反应不同。研究发现:薄龈生物型更容易出现治疗后牙龈退缩,厚龈生物型更容易出现探诊出血等炎症性改变。在目前的临床工作中,正确评估牙龈生物型特别是准确测量牙龈厚度是合理选择治疗方案及预后评估的基础。然而临床治疗中尚未有统一标准的测量方法,本文就牙龈生物型测量方法作一综述,以供临床及研究工作者参考。
Gingival biotype refers to the morphological characteristics of periodontal and tooth tissues. Gingival biotype is a reference factor in predicting the success rate of esthetic treatments, such as restoration, implantation, and periodontal surgery. Differences were observed in the gingival biotypes among individuals and the responses of different gingival biotypes to external stimulation. Thin gingiva biotype was prone to gingival recession after treatment, and thick gingiva biotype was prone to inflammatory changes, such as probe bleeding. Thus, the evaluation of gingival biotype is extremely important from the start of treatment plan to the final restorative placement to provide excellent esthetics. This review paper summarized several methods of assessing gingival biotype.
Gingival biotype refers to the morphological characteristics of periodontal and tooth tissues. Gingival biotype is a reference factor in predicting the success rate of esthetic treatments, such as restoration, implantation, and periodontal surgery. Differences were observed in the gingival biotypes among individuals and the responses of different gingival biotypes to external stimulation. Thin gingiva biotype was prone to gingival recession after treatment, and thick gingiva biotype was prone to inflammatory changes, such as probe bleeding. Thus, the evaluation of gingival biotype is extremely important from the start of treatment plan to the final restorative placement to provide excellent esthetics. This review paper summarized several methods of assessing gingival biotype.
引文
[1]Shah R,Sowmya NK,Mehta DS.Prevalence of gingival biotype and its relationship to clinical parameters[J].Contemp Clin Dent,2015,6(Suppl 1):S167-S171.
[2]Frost NA,Mealey BL,Jones AA,et al.Periodontal biotype:gingival thickness as it relates to probe visibility and buccal plate thickness[J].J Periodontol,2015,86(10):1141-1149.
[3]Cook DR,Mealey BL,Verrett RG,et al.Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness:an in vivo study[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2011,31(4):345-354.
[4]Younes F,Eghbali A,Raes M,et al.Relationship between buccal bone and gingival thickness revisited using non-invasive registration methods[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2016,27(5):523-528.
[5]Peixoto A,Marques TM,Correia A.Gingival biotype characterization:a study in a Portuguese sample[J].Int J Esthet Dent,2015,10(4):534-546.
[6]Sin YW,Chang HY,Yun WH,et al.Association of gingival biotype with the results of scaling and root planing[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2013,43(6):283-290.
[7]Arora R,Narula SC,Sharma RK,et al.Evaluation of supracrestal gingival tissue after surgical crown lengthening:a 6-month clinical study[J].J Periodontol,2013,84(7):934-940.
[8]Tao JX,Wu Y,Chen JR,et al.A follow-up study of up to 5 years of metal-ceramic crowns in maxillary central incisors for different gingival biotypes[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2014,34(5):e85-e92.
[9]Rasperini G,Acunzo R,Cannalire P,et al.Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment:a preliminary study[J].Int JPeriodontics Restorative Dent,2015,35(5):665-675.
[10]Kim DM,Neiva R.Periodontal soft tissue non-root coverage procedures:a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop[J].J Periodontol,2015,86(2 Suppl):S56-S72.
[11]Chen ST,Darby IB,Reynolds EC,et al.Immediate implant placement postextraction without flap elevation[J].J Periodontol,2009,80(1):163-172.
[12]Evans CD,Chen ST.Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2008,19(1):73-80.
[13]De Rouck T,Eghbali R,Collys K,et al.The gingival biotype revisited:transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva[J].J Clin Periodontol,2009,36(5):428-433.
[14]Eghbali A,De Rouck T,De Bruyn H,et al.The gingival biotype assessed by experienced and inexperienced clinicians[J].J Clin Periodontol,2009,36(11):958-963.
[15]Cuny-Houchmand M,Renaudin S,Leroul M,et al.Gingival biotype assessement:visual inspection relevance and maxillary versus mandibular comparison[J].Open Dent J,2013,7:1-6.
[16]乐迪,张豪,胡文杰,等.牙周探诊法判断牙龈生物型的初步研究[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2012,47(2):81-84.Le D,Zhang H,Hu WJ,et al.Preliminary study on gingival biotype by periodontal probing[J].Chin JStomatol,2012,47(2):81-84.
[17]Kaya Y,Alkan?,Keskin S.An evaluation of the gingival biotype and the width of keratinized gingiva in the mandibular anterior region of individuals with different dental malocclusion groups and levels of crowding[J].Korean J Orthod,2017,47(3):176-185.
[18]Sharma S,Thakur SL,Joshi SK,et al.Measurement of gingival thickness using digital vernier caliper and ultrasonographic method:a comparative study[J].JInvestig Clin Dent,2014,5(2):138-143.
[19]Baldi C,Pini-Prato G,Pagliaro U,et al.Coronally advanced flap procedure for root coverage.Is flap thickness a relevant predictor to achieve root coverage?A 19-case series[J].JPeriodontol,1999,70(9):1077-1084.
[20]Rathee M,Rao PL,Bhoria M.Prevalence of gingival biotypes among young dentate north indian population:a biometric approach[J].Int J Clin Pediatr Dent,2016,9(2):104-108.
[21]Memon S,Patel JR,Sethuraman R,et al.A comparative evaluation of the reliability of three methods of assessing gingival biotype in dentate subjects in different age groups:an in vivo study[J].J Indian Prosthodont Soc,2015,15(4):313-317.
[22]Alpiste-Illueca F.Dimensions of the dentogingival unit in maxillary anterior teeth:a new exploration technique(parallel profile radiograph)[J].Int JPeriodontics Restorative Dent,2004,24(4):386-396.
[23]Galgali SR,Gontiya G.Evaluation of an innovative radiographic technique-parallel profile radiography-to determine the dimensions of dentogingival unit[J].Indian J Dent Res,2011,22(2):237-241.
[24]Kim YJ,Park JM,Kim S,et al.New method of assessing the relationship between buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2016,46(6):372-381.
[25]Esfahanizadeh N,Daneshparvar N,Askarpour F,et al.Correlation between bone and soft tissue thickness in maxillary anterior teeth[J].J Dent(Tehran),2016,13(5):302-308.
[26]曹洁,胡文杰,张豪,等.基于锥形束计算机体层摄影术测量牙龈厚度[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2013,45(1):135-139.Cao J,Hu WJ,Zhang H,et al.Method and its application of gingival thickness measurement based on cone-beam computed tomography[J].J Peking Univ(Health Sci),2013,45(1):135-139.
[27]Lee SP,Kim TI,Kim HK,et al.Discriminant ana-lysis for the thin periodontal biotype based on the data acquired from three-dimensional virtual models of Korean young adults[J].J Periodontol,2013,84(11):1638-1645.
[28]Malhotra R,Grover V,Bhardwaj A,et al.Analysis of the gingival biotype based on the measurement of the dentopapillary complex[J].J Indian Soc Perio-dontol,2014,18(1):43-47.
[2]Frost NA,Mealey BL,Jones AA,et al.Periodontal biotype:gingival thickness as it relates to probe visibility and buccal plate thickness[J].J Periodontol,2015,86(10):1141-1149.
[3]Cook DR,Mealey BL,Verrett RG,et al.Relationship between clinical periodontal biotype and labial plate thickness:an in vivo study[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2011,31(4):345-354.
[4]Younes F,Eghbali A,Raes M,et al.Relationship between buccal bone and gingival thickness revisited using non-invasive registration methods[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2016,27(5):523-528.
[5]Peixoto A,Marques TM,Correia A.Gingival biotype characterization:a study in a Portuguese sample[J].Int J Esthet Dent,2015,10(4):534-546.
[6]Sin YW,Chang HY,Yun WH,et al.Association of gingival biotype with the results of scaling and root planing[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2013,43(6):283-290.
[7]Arora R,Narula SC,Sharma RK,et al.Evaluation of supracrestal gingival tissue after surgical crown lengthening:a 6-month clinical study[J].J Periodontol,2013,84(7):934-940.
[8]Tao JX,Wu Y,Chen JR,et al.A follow-up study of up to 5 years of metal-ceramic crowns in maxillary central incisors for different gingival biotypes[J].Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent,2014,34(5):e85-e92.
[9]Rasperini G,Acunzo R,Cannalire P,et al.Influence of periodontal biotype on root surface exposure during orthodontic treatment:a preliminary study[J].Int JPeriodontics Restorative Dent,2015,35(5):665-675.
[10]Kim DM,Neiva R.Periodontal soft tissue non-root coverage procedures:a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop[J].J Periodontol,2015,86(2 Suppl):S56-S72.
[11]Chen ST,Darby IB,Reynolds EC,et al.Immediate implant placement postextraction without flap elevation[J].J Periodontol,2009,80(1):163-172.
[12]Evans CD,Chen ST.Esthetic outcomes of immediate implant placements[J].Clin Oral Implants Res,2008,19(1):73-80.
[13]De Rouck T,Eghbali R,Collys K,et al.The gingival biotype revisited:transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva[J].J Clin Periodontol,2009,36(5):428-433.
[14]Eghbali A,De Rouck T,De Bruyn H,et al.The gingival biotype assessed by experienced and inexperienced clinicians[J].J Clin Periodontol,2009,36(11):958-963.
[15]Cuny-Houchmand M,Renaudin S,Leroul M,et al.Gingival biotype assessement:visual inspection relevance and maxillary versus mandibular comparison[J].Open Dent J,2013,7:1-6.
[16]乐迪,张豪,胡文杰,等.牙周探诊法判断牙龈生物型的初步研究[J].中华口腔医学杂志,2012,47(2):81-84.Le D,Zhang H,Hu WJ,et al.Preliminary study on gingival biotype by periodontal probing[J].Chin JStomatol,2012,47(2):81-84.
[17]Kaya Y,Alkan?,Keskin S.An evaluation of the gingival biotype and the width of keratinized gingiva in the mandibular anterior region of individuals with different dental malocclusion groups and levels of crowding[J].Korean J Orthod,2017,47(3):176-185.
[18]Sharma S,Thakur SL,Joshi SK,et al.Measurement of gingival thickness using digital vernier caliper and ultrasonographic method:a comparative study[J].JInvestig Clin Dent,2014,5(2):138-143.
[19]Baldi C,Pini-Prato G,Pagliaro U,et al.Coronally advanced flap procedure for root coverage.Is flap thickness a relevant predictor to achieve root coverage?A 19-case series[J].JPeriodontol,1999,70(9):1077-1084.
[20]Rathee M,Rao PL,Bhoria M.Prevalence of gingival biotypes among young dentate north indian population:a biometric approach[J].Int J Clin Pediatr Dent,2016,9(2):104-108.
[21]Memon S,Patel JR,Sethuraman R,et al.A comparative evaluation of the reliability of three methods of assessing gingival biotype in dentate subjects in different age groups:an in vivo study[J].J Indian Prosthodont Soc,2015,15(4):313-317.
[22]Alpiste-Illueca F.Dimensions of the dentogingival unit in maxillary anterior teeth:a new exploration technique(parallel profile radiograph)[J].Int JPeriodontics Restorative Dent,2004,24(4):386-396.
[23]Galgali SR,Gontiya G.Evaluation of an innovative radiographic technique-parallel profile radiography-to determine the dimensions of dentogingival unit[J].Indian J Dent Res,2011,22(2):237-241.
[24]Kim YJ,Park JM,Kim S,et al.New method of assessing the relationship between buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness[J].J Periodontal Implant Sci,2016,46(6):372-381.
[25]Esfahanizadeh N,Daneshparvar N,Askarpour F,et al.Correlation between bone and soft tissue thickness in maxillary anterior teeth[J].J Dent(Tehran),2016,13(5):302-308.
[26]曹洁,胡文杰,张豪,等.基于锥形束计算机体层摄影术测量牙龈厚度[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2013,45(1):135-139.Cao J,Hu WJ,Zhang H,et al.Method and its application of gingival thickness measurement based on cone-beam computed tomography[J].J Peking Univ(Health Sci),2013,45(1):135-139.
[27]Lee SP,Kim TI,Kim HK,et al.Discriminant ana-lysis for the thin periodontal biotype based on the data acquired from three-dimensional virtual models of Korean young adults[J].J Periodontol,2013,84(11):1638-1645.
[28]Malhotra R,Grover V,Bhardwaj A,et al.Analysis of the gingival biotype based on the measurement of the dentopapillary complex[J].J Indian Soc Perio-dontol,2014,18(1):43-47.